Slipper orchids
Showy lady slipper (Cypripedium reginae)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Liliopsida Order: Asparagales Family: Orchidaceae Subfamily: Cypripedioideae Tribe: Cypripedieae Subtribe: Cypripediinae Genus: Cypripedium L., 1753
Species
See text. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... For other uses, see Scientific classification (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Plant (disambiguation). ... Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of land plants. ... Hemerocallis flower, with three flower parts in each whorl Wheat, an economically important monocot The monocotyledons or Monocots are a group of flowering plants, (angiosperms) dominating great parts of the earth. ... Families according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group Agapanthus Agavaceae Alliaceae Amaryllidaceae Aphyllanthaceae Asparagaceae Asphodelaceae Asteliaceae Blandfordiaceae Boryaceae Doryanthaceae Hemerocallidaceae Hyacinthaceae Hypoxidaceae Iridaceae Ixioliriaceae Lanariaceae Laxmanniaceae Orchidaceae Ruscaceae Tecophilaeaceae Themidaceae Xanthorrhoea Xeronema Asparagales is an order of monocots which includes a number of families of non-woody plants. ... “Orchid” redirects here. ... Genera See Taxonomy of the orchid family. ... A painting of Carolus Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as Carl von Linné  ?, and who wrote under the Latinized name Carolus Linnaeus (May 23, 1707 – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of taxonomy. ... 1753 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

Cypripedium is a genus of 47 species from the orchid family (Orchidaceae) and the sole genus of the subtribe Cypripediinae. For other uses, see Genus (disambiguation). ... Orchid re-directs here; for alternate uses see Orchid (disambiguation) Genera Over 800 See List of Orchidaceae genera. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

Its members are terrestrial hardy orchids that grow primarily in colder climates of the Northern Hemisphere, in North America, Europe, and Asia. Some grow in the tundra in Alaska and Siberia, which is an unusually cold habitat for orchids. They can withstand extreme cold, growing under the snow and blooming when the snow melts. But, in the wild, most have become rare and close to extinction, due to an ever shrinking natural habitat and overcollection. Only a single plant of Cypripedium calceolus has survived in Britain. Northern hemisphere highlighted in yellow. ... North America North America is a continent[1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Asia (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Tundra (disambiguation). ...

Common names include slipper orchids, Lady's Slippers, mocassin flowers, camel's foot, squirrel foot, steeple cap, Venus' shoes and whippoorwill shoes. The genus has a long history of use, dating back 2500 years to the Far East, where they were used medicinally. Genera See Taxonomy of the orchid family. ...

Characteristics

As with most terrestrial orchids, the rhizome is short and robust, growing in the uppermost soil layer. The rhizome grows annually with a growth bud at one end and dies off at the other end. The stem grows from the bud at the tip of the rhizome. Most slipper orchids have an elongate erect stem, with leaves growing along its length. But the Mocassin Flower (Cypripedium acaule) has a short underground stem with leaves springing from the soil. The often hairy leaves can vary from ovate to elliptic or lanceolate, folded along their length. The stems lack pseudobulbs. For other uses, see Rhizome (disambiguation). ... Stem showing internode and nodes plus leaf petiole and new stem rising from node. ... Look up foliage in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Binomial name Cypripedium acaule L. Cypripedium acaule is a member of the orchid genus Cypripedium. ... The pseudobulb is a storage organ derived from the part of a stem between two leaf nodes. ...

The inflorescence is racemose. It can carry one to twelve flowers, as in Cypripedium californicum. But most species have one to three flowers. There are three sepals, with, in most species, the two lateral ones more or less fused. The flower has three acute petals with the third a striking slipper-shaped lip, which is lowermost. The sepals and the petals are usually similarly colored, with the lip in a different color. But variations on this theme occur. The aspect of the lip of different species can vary a great deal. As with all orchids, it is specially constructed to attract pollinators. The flowers show a column with a unique shieldlike staminode. The ovary is 3-locular (with three chambers). Red clover inflorescence (spike) An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers on a branch of a plant. ... This inflorescence of the terrestrial orchid Spathoglottis plicata is a typical raceme. ... For other uses, see Flower (disambiguation). ... Binomial name A.Gray Cypripedium californicum (California Ladys Slipper) is a member of the orchid genus Cypripedium, the Ladys Slipper orchids. ... Flower of the Primrose Willowherb (Ludwigia octovalvis) showing petals and sepals A sepal is one member or part of the calyx of a flower. ... It has been suggested that Corolla be merged into this article or section. ... A pollinator is the agent that moves pollen from the male anthers of a flower to the female stigma of a flower to accomplish fertilization or syngamy of the female gamete in the ovule of the flower by the male gamete from the pollen grain. ... The column, or technically the gynostemium, is a reproductive structure in the center of an orchid flower (also in the birthwort family Aristolochiaceae, such as in Thottea hainanensis ). It is derived from the fusion of both male and female parts (stamens and pistil) into a single organ. ... Longitudinal section of female flower of squash showing ovary, ovules, pistil, and petals In the flowering plants, an ovary is a part of the female reproductive organ of the flower or gynoecium. ...

Synonymy

The following genera have been brought into synonymy with Cypripedium: In scientific classification, synonymy is the existence of multiple systematic names to label the same organism. ...

Günther von Mannagetta und Lërchenau Beck (born 25 August, 1856 in Pressburg, modern Bratislava, died 23 June, 1931 in Prague) was a prominent German botanist He was a director of the department of botany of the Natural History Museum of Vienna and professor at the University of Vienna... Lorenz Heister (Latin: Laurentius Heister) (September 19, 1683 - April 18, 1758) was a German anatomist, surgeon and botanist who was a native of Frankfurt am Main. ... Calceolaria is a genus of plants in the Calceolariaceae family. ... Carl Linnaeus, Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as  , (May 23, 1707[1] – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist[2] who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of nomenclature. ... Mill- is the Latin numerical prefix for 1000. ... Richard Anthony Salisbury (May 2, 1761 - 1829) was a British botanist. ... C. S. Rafinesque Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (October 22, 1783-September 18, 1840) was a nineteenth-century polymath who led a chaotic life. ... John Kunkel Small (1869-1938) was an American botanist. ... Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach (January 8, 1793 - March 17, 1879) was a German botanist and ornithologist. ... C. S. Rafinesque Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (October 22, 1783-September 18, 1840) was a nineteenth-century polymath who led a chaotic life. ... Richard Anthony Salisbury (May 2, 1761 - 1829) was a British botanist. ...

Taxonomy

Comparison between a DNA-analysis and the morphological characteristics in this genus has shown that there is a high degree of divergence between the two, probably due to long periods of isolation or extinction of intermediate forms. The Eurasian species with yellow or red flowers form a distinct group from the North American species with yellow flowers. The Pelican Orchid (Cypripedium irapeanum) and the California Lady's Slipper (Cypripedium californicum) are probably the first diverging line. They share several similarities with their sister group Selenipedium. Binomial name A.Gray Cypripedium californicum (California Ladys Slipper) is a member of the orchid genus Cypripedium, the Ladys Slipper orchids. ... Selenipedium is a genus of the Orchid family (Orchidaceae) (Subfamily Cypripedioideae). ...

Species and natural hybrids

Cypripedium calceolus

Small White Lady's Slipper (Cypripedium candidum)

Mocassin Flower (Cypripedium acaule)

Greater yellow lady's slipper (Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens)

Yellow Lady's-slipper (Cypripedium parviflorum)

• Cypripedium acaule : Mocassin Flower, Pink Lady's Slipper,Two-leaved Lady's-slipper (C. and E. Canada, NC & E U.S.A).
• Cypripedium agnicapitatum (Manchuria).
• Cypripedium × alaskanum (C. guttatum × C. yatabeanum; Alaska).
• Cypripedium × andrewsii (C. candidum × C. parviflorum var. pubescens) (E Canada, NC & NE U.S.A).
• Cypripedium arietinum : Ram's-head Lady's-slipper (C & E Canada, NC & NE U.S.A).
• Cypripedium bardolphianum (China)
  • Cypripedium bardolphianum var. bardolphianum (China)
  • Cypripedium bardolphianum var. zhongdianense (China). Rhizome geophyte
• Cypripedium calceolus (Lady's Slipper, Woodpecker nuksack, Yellow Lady's Slipper; Europe to Japan)
• Cypripedium calcicolum (China)
• Cypripedium californicum (California Lady's Slipper; Oregon, N. California).
• Cypripedium candidum (Small White Lady Slipper; SE Canada, NC & E U.S.A).
• Cypripedium × catherinae (C. macranthon × C. shanxiense; Russian Far East).
• Cypripedium cheniae (China).
• Cypripedium × columbianum (C. montanum × C. parviflorum var. pubescens; W Canada, NW U.S.A)
• Cypripedium cordigerum (Heart-shaped Lip Cypripedium; N Pakistan to Himalaya, S Tibet).
• Cypripedium daweishanense (S.C.Chen & Z.J.Liu) S.C.Chen & Z.J.Liu (2005) (Yunnan, China South-Central)
• Cypripedium debile (Frail Cypripedium) (Japan, Taiwan, China)
• Cypripedium dickinsonianum (Mexico (S Chiapas) to Guatemala).
• Cypripedium elegans (E Nepal to China)
• Cypripedium fargesii (China)
• Cypripedium farreri (China)
• Cypripedium fasciculatum (Brownie Lady's-slipper, Clustered Lady's-slipper; W U.S.A).
• Cypripedium fasciolatum (China).
• Cypripedium flavum (Yellow Cypripedium; SE Tibet, SC China)
• Cypripedium formosanum (Beautiful Cypripedium, Formosa's Lady's Slipper; C Taiwan).
• Cypripedium forrestii (China).
• Cypripedium franchetii (Franchet's Cypripedium; C & SC China).
• Cypripedium froschii (China).
• Cypripedium guttatum (Spotted Lady's Slipper; European Russia to Korea, Alaska to Yukon).
• Cypripedium henryi (Henry's Cypripedium; C China).
• Cypripedium x herae . (C.parviflorum x C.reginae) (Manitoba, Canada)
• Cypripedium himalaicum (SE Tibet to Himalaya).
• Cypripedium irapeanum (Pelican Orchid, Irapeao Cypripedium; Mexico to Honduras).
• Cypripedium japonicum (Japan Cypripedium; China, Korea, Japan).
• Cypripedium kentuckiense (Kentucky Lady's Slipper, Southern Lady's Slipper, Kentucky Cypripedium; C & E U.S.A).
• Cypripedium lentiginosum (China).
• Cypripedium lichiangense S.C.Chen & P.J.Cribb (China (SW Sichuan, NW Yunnan), NE Myanmar).
  • Cypripedium lichiangense var. daweishanense S.C.Chen & Z.J.Liu (now synonym of Cypripedium daweishanense (S.C.Chen & Z.J.Liu) S.C.Chen & Z.J.Liu 2005)
• Cypripedium ludlowii (SE Tibet).
• Cypripedium macranthum (Large-flowered Cypripedium; E Belarus to temperate E Asia).
• Cypripedium malipoense S.C.Chen & Z.J.Liu (Yunnan, China South-Central)
• Cypripedium margaritaceum (Pearl-white Cypripedium; China)
• Cypripedium micranthum (China).
• Cypripedium molle (Mexico).
• Cypripedium montanum (Large Lady's-slipper, Mountain Lady's-slipper, White Lady's-slipper, Moccasin flower; Alaska to California).
• Cypripedium morinanthum (Manchuria).
• Cypripedium neoparviflorum (Manchuriia).
• Cypripedium palangshanense (China). (rediscovered in 1997 in China).
• Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. (Canada, E U.S.A).
  • Cypripedium parviflorum var. parviflorum (Canada, E U.S.A.; rhizome geophyte).
  • Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens (Yellow Lady's-slipper; N. America; rhizome geophyte).
• Cypripedium passerinum (Franklyn's Lady's-slipper, Small White Northern Lady's-slipper, Sparrow's Egg Lady's-slipper; Alaska to Canada, Montana).
• Cypripedium plectrochilum (N Myanmar to SC China).
• Cypripedium pubescens (Greater yellow lady's slipper)
• Cypripedium reginae Walter : Large White Lady's-slipper, Queen's Lady's-slipper, Showy Lady's-slipper; C & E Canada, NC & E. U.S.A).
• Cypripedium roseum (Manchuria).
• Cypripedium rubronerve (China).
• Cypripedium segawai (EC Taiwan).
• Cypripedium shanxiense (China to N Japan).
• Cypripedium sichuanense (China).
• Cypripedium sinapoides (Manchuria).
• Cypripedium subtropicum (SE. Tibet).
• Cypripedium taibaiense (China).
• Cypripedium tibeticum (Sikkim to C China).
• Cypripedium × ventricosum (Russia to Korea).
• Cypripedium wardii (SE. Tibet, China).
• Cypripedium × wenqingiae (C. farreri × C. tibeticum; China).
• Cypripedium wumengense (China).
• Cypripedium yatabeanum (Russian Far East to N & NC Japan, Aleutian Islands to SW Alaska).
• Cypripedium yunnanense (SE Tibet, China)

Yellow Ladys Slipper (Cypripedium calceolus) Downloaded from : [[1]] Credits : US Geological Service - Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Yellow Ladys Slipper (Cypripedium calceolus) Downloaded from : [[1]] Credits : US Geological Service - Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... White Ladys Slipper (Cypripedium candidum) Downloaded from : [[1]] Credits : US Geological Service - Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... White Ladys Slipper (Cypripedium candidum) Downloaded from : [[1]] Credits : US Geological Service - Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Download high resolution version (909x828, 89 KB)Mocassin Flower (Cypripedium acaule). ... Download high resolution version (909x828, 89 KB)Mocassin Flower (Cypripedium acaule). ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 404 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (2345 × 3479 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 404 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (2345 × 3479 pixel, file size: 1. ... Binomial name Cypripedium acaule L. Cypripedium acaule is a member of the orchid genus Cypripedium. ... Binomial name Cypripedium arietinum R.Br. ... Binomial name Cypripedium calceolus L. Cypripedium calceolus is a Ladys Slipper orchid. ... Binomial name A.Gray Cypripedium californicum (California Ladys Slipper) is a member of the orchid genus Cypripedium, the Ladys Slipper orchids. ... Binomial name L. Cypripedium fasciculatum is a member of the orchid genus Cypripedium. ... Binomial name Cypripedium kentuckiense L. Cypripedium kentuckiense is a member of the orchid genus Cypripedium. ... Binomial name L. Cypripedium montanum is a member of the orchid genus Cypripedium. ... Binomial name Willd. ... Binomial name Cypripedium reginae Walter The showy lady slipper (Cypripedium reginae), also known as the pink-and-white lady slipper or the queens lady slipper, is a rare orchid found in eastern North America, mainly in the Canadian provinces of Ontario & Nova Scotia. ...

References

• Phillip Cribb & Peter Green (1997). The Genus Cypripedium (a botanical monograph). Kew Royal Botanic Gardens, Timber Press ISBN 0-88192-403-2
• Pridgeon, A.M.; Cribb, P.J.; Chase, M.W. & F. N. Rasmussen (1999): Genera Orchidacearum Vol.1, Oxford U. Press. ISBN 0-19-850513-2

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Cypripedium

• Cypripedium - Infos by Mr. Frosch
• Photos of Chinese Slipper Orchids
• Cypripedium japonicum Cypripedium macranthum var. hotei-atsumorianumImages of Japanese Cypripedium
• Cypripedium culture and care sheet on the terrorchid wiki