NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Cyrenaican

Cyrenaica is the eastern coastal region of Libya. Roman province of Cyrenaica Derived from a file of the Noricum province. ... Roman province of Cyrenaica Derived from a file of the Noricum province. ...

Ancient history

Cyrenaica was a Roman province on the northern coast of Africa between Egypt and Numidia; In antiquity, it had been an area heavily colonised by the Greeks. That area is now the eastern part of the Mediterranean coast of Libya. The Roman Forum was the central area around which ancient Rome developed. ... Map of the Roman Empire, with the provinces, after 120. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa. ... Numidia was an ancient African Berber kingdom and later a Roman province on the northern coast of Africa between the province of Africa (where Tunisia is now) and the province of Mauretania (which is now the western part of Algerias coastal area). ... The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ...

The east of the province was called Marmarica (no major city), but the important part was in the west, comprizing five cities, hence known as the Pentapolis— Cyrene (near the village of Shahat) with its port of Apollonia (Marsa Susa), Arsinoe (Tocra), Berenice (modern Benghazi) and Barca (Merj)— of which the chief was the eponymous Cyrene. After the earthquake of 365 the capital was moved to Ptolemais. In the south Cyrenaica faded into the Saharan tribal areas, including the pharaonic oracle Ammonium. A Pentapolis, from the Greek words penta five and polis city(-state) is geographic and/or institutional grouping of five cities. ... Cyrene, the ancient Greek city (in present-day Libya) was the oldest and most important of the five Greek cities in the region and gave eastern Libya the classical name Cyrenaica that it has retained to modern times. ... Apollonia in Cyrenaica (modern Libya) was founded by Greek colonists and became a significant commercial centre in the southern Mediterranean. ... Benghazi (Arabic Ø¨Ù†ØºØ§Ø²ÙŠ, transliterated BanÄ¡ÄzÄ«) is a seaport in Libya, Africa. ... Barca (Barqa) was a Byzantine province and city in medieval North Africa, occupying the coastal area of what is modern Libya. ... Events Emperor Fei succeeds Emperor Ai as emperor of China. ... Ptolemais or Ptolemaida was one of the ancient capitals of Cyrenaica, located near the modern town of Tolmeitha (arabic Ø·Ù„Ù…ÙŠØ«Ø©)in Libya. ... Satellite image The Sahara is the worlds largest hot desert, and second largest desert at over 9,000,000 kmÂ² (3,500,000 miÂ²), almost as large as the United States. ... The Siwa Oasis is an oasis in Egypt, located between the Qattara Depression and the Egyptian Sand Sea in the Libyan Desert. ...

Conquered by Alexander the Great, it passed to the diadoch dynasty of the Lagids, better known as the Ptolemaic dynasty. It briefly gained independence under Magas, stepson of Ptolemy I Soter, but was reabsorbed into the Ptolemaic empire after the death of Magas. It was separated from the main kingdom by Ptolemy VIII and given to his son Ptolemy Apion, who, dying without heirs in 96 BC, bequeathed it to the Roman Republic. It became a senatorial province in 20 BC, like its far more prominent western neighbour Africa proconsularis, unlike Egypt itself which became an imperial domain sui generis (under a special governor style Praefectus Augustalis) in 30 BC. Alexander the Great (Greek: [1], Megas Alexandros; July 356 BC â€” June 11, 323 BC), also known as Alexander III, king of Macedon (336â€“323 BC), was one of the most successful military commanders in history, conquering most of the known world before his death; he is frequently included in a... The Ptolemaic dynasty was a Hellenistic royal family which ruled over Egypt for nearly 300 years, from 305 BC to 30 BC. Ptolemy, a Macedonian and one of Alexander the Greats generals, was appointed satrap of Egypt after Alexanders death in 323 BC. In 305 BC, he declared... Magas of Cyrene (r. ... Ptolemy I Soter (367 BCâ€“283 BC) was a Macedonian Greek who became the ruler of Egypt (323 BC - 283 BC) and founder of the Ptolemaic dynasty. ... Anthem: Bilady, Bilady, Bilady Capital Cairo (Al-Qahirah) Largest city Cairo (Al-Qahirah) Official language(s) Arabic Government Republic - President Muhammad Hosni Mubarak - Prime Minister Ahmed Nazif Establishment - First Dynasty c. ... Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II (Ptolemaios VIII Euergetes II) (c. ... Ptolemy Apion (Ptolemaios Apion) was the son of Ptolemy VIII by a concubine, and inherited Cyrenaica at some time before 101 BC. He died in 96 BC, having no heirs, and bequeathed the kingdom to the Roman Republic. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 140s BC 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC 100s BC - 90s BC - 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC Years: 101 BC 100 BC 99 BC 98 BC 97 BC - 96 BC - 95 BC 94 BC 93... This article is becoming very long. ... Africa Province, Roman Empire ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC - 30s BC - 20s BC 10s BC 0s 10s 20s Years: 35 BC 34 BC 33 BC 32 BC 31 BC 30 BC 29 BC 28 BC 27 BC 26 BC...

Although some confusion exists as to the exact territory Rome inherited, by 78 BC it was organised as one administrative province with Crete. Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 120s BC 110s BC 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC - 70s BC - 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC Years: 83 BC 82 BC 81 BC 80 BC 79 BC - 78 BC - 77 BC 76 BC 75... Province is a name for a subnational entity. ... Crete (Greek: ÎšÏÎ®Ï„Î· KrÃti; Turkish: Girit) is the largest of the Greek islands and the fifth largest in the Mediterranean Sea. ...

The Tetrarchy reforms of Diocletian in 296 changed all of the administrative structure. Cyrenaica was split into two provinces: Libya superior comprized the abvementioned Pentapolis, Libya Inferior Marmarica (only significant city now the port Paraetonium), each under a governor of the modest rank of praeses. Both belonged to the same diocesis (originally as part of Oriens) as Egypt itself (from the start three provinces, later more), within the praetorian prefecture of Oriens (also comprizing Oriens proper -mainly Syria- and, both in Asia Minor, Asiana and Pontiana). Its western neighbour Tripolitania, the largest split-off from Africa proconsularis, became part of Africa, a diocesis of the western emperor's home prefecture "Italia et Africa" Achaemenid Empire The Achaemenid Dynasty was a dynasty in the ancient Persian Empire, including Cyrus II the Great, Darius I and Xerxes I. At the height of their power, the Achaemenid rulers of Persia ruled over territories roughly emcompassing some parts of todays Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Lebanon... The Tetrarchs, a porphyry sculpture sacked from a Byzantine palace in 1204, Treasury of St. ... Emperor Diocletian. ... The division of the Roman Empire into four Praetorian prefectures originated in the age of the Tetrarchy yet outlived that period. ...

Under Byzantium it remained the westernmost regular area in North Africa, while Tripolitania was part of the more militarized prefecture -later exarchate- Africa (reconquered from the Arian Vandal kingdom).

Muslim and modern history

Cyrenaica was conquered by the Islamic Arabs by the first caliph, Abu Bekr, in 643/44, and became known as Barka after its new provincial capital, the ancient Barca. After the breakdown of the Ummayad caliphate, it was essentially annexed to Egypt, although still under the same name, under the Fatimid caliphs and later under the Ayyubid and Mamluk sultanates. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (930x2150, 1303 KB) Description fr: AntinoÃ¼s (117â€“138 ap. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (930x2150, 1303 KB) Description fr: AntinoÃ¼s (117â€“138 ap. ... Cyrene, the ancient Greek city (in present-day Libya) was the oldest and most important of the five Greek cities in the region and gave eastern Libya the classical name Cyrenaica that it has retained to modern times. ... Abu Bakr As Siddiq (Arabic ابو بكر الصديق, alternative spellings, Abubakar, Abi Bakr, Abu Bakar) (c. ... Barca (Barqa) was a Byzantine province and city in medieval North Africa, occupying the coastal area of what is modern Libya. ... The Courtyard of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, one of the grandest architectural legacies of the Umayyads. ... The Fatimids or Fatimid Caliphate (Arabic Ø§Ù„ÙØ§Ø·Ù…ÙŠÙˆÙ†) is the Ismaili Shiite dynasty that ruled much of North Africa from A.D. 5 January 910 to 1171. ... The Ayyubid Dynasty was a Muslim dynasty of Egypt, Iraq in the 12th and 13th centuries. ... A Mamluk cavalryman, drawn in 1810 A mamluk (Arabic: Ù…Ù…Ù„ÙˆÙƒ (singular), Ù…Ù…Ø§Ù„ÙŠÙƒ (plural), owned; also transliterated mameluk, mameluke, or mamluke) was a slave soldier who converted to Islam and served the Muslim caliphs and the Ayyubid during the Middle Ages. ...

Ultimately, it was annexed by the Turkish Ottoman Empire in 1517 (it was mentioned in the full style of the Great Sultan as the vilayet of Barka, alongside Tripoli, with which it had been joined); its main cities became Bengazi and Derna. now. ... Vilâyet (also eyalet or pashaluk) was the Turkish name for the provinces of the Ottoman Empire. ...

The Italians occupied Cyrenaica during the Italo-Turkish War in 1911 and declared the protectorate of Cirenaica on 15 October 1912,. Three days later, the Ottoman Empire officially ceded the province to Italy. On 17 May 1919, Cirenaica was established as an Italian colony, and, on 25 October 1920, the Italian government recognized Sheikh Sidi Idriss as the leader of the Senussi, who was granted the rank of Emir until in 1929, when Italy derecognized him and the Senussi. The Italo-Turkish or Turco-Italian War was fought between the Ottoman Empire and Italy from September 28, 1911 to October 18, 1912. ... A protectorate is, in international law, a political entity (a sovereign state or a less developed native polity, such as a tribal chiefstainship or feudal princely state) that formally agrees (voluntarily or under pressure) by treaty to enter into an unequal relationship with another, stronger state, called the protector, which... It has been suggested that Colonisation be merged into this article or section. ... The Sanusiyya order (sufi tarika) was founded in Cyrenaica (eastern Libya) in the 1840s by Muhammad bin Ali al Sanusi (1787-1859). ... Entrance to the emirs palace in Bukhara. ...

On 1 January 1934, Tripolitania, Cyrenaica, and Fezzan were united as the Italian colony of Libya. Tripolitania is a historic region of western Libya, centered around the coastal city of Tripoli. ... Fezzan is a desert region in south-western Libya. ...

See also

It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Conference of Lausanne. ... The Cyrenaics were an ultra-hedonist group of philosophers founded in the 4th century BC, allegedly by Aristippus of Cyrene, a disciple of Socrates. ...

External links and references

Categories: Ancient Roman provinces | Maghreb | History of Libya | Geography of Libya | Former Italian colonies Map of the Roman Empire, with the provinces, after 120. ... Roman Empire Copyright unknown. ... The Roman Empire 120 AD, the province of Achaea highlighted. ... The Roman Empire ca. ... Roman North Africa The Roman Empire ca. ... Image:REmpire Alpes Cottiae. ... The Roman Empire ca. ... Alpes Poenninae was a Roman Empire province. ... Arabia Petraea Arabia Petraea, also called Provincia Arabia or simply Arabia, was a province of the Roman Empire beginning in the second century; it consisted of the former Nabataean kingdom in modern Jordan, southern modern Syria Sinai, and northwestern Saudi Arabia. ... The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (sometimes referred to as Armenia Minor) was a state formed in the Middle Ages by Armenian refugees fleeing the Seljuk invasion of Armenia. ... Roman conquest of Asia minor The Roman province of Asia was the administrative unit added to the late Republic, a Senatorial province governed by a proconsul who was an ex-consul, an honor granted only to Asia and the other rich province of Africa. ... Roman province of Assyria, 120 CE Assyria was a province of the Roman Empire, roughly situated in modern-day northern Iraq. ... Bithynia was an ancient region, kinhdom and Roman province in the northwest of Asia Minor, adjoining the Propontis, the Thracian Bosporus and the Euxine (today Black Sea). ... Principal sites in Roman Britain Roman Britain refers to those parts of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between 43 and 410. ... Cappadocia in 188 BC In ancient geography, Cappadocia (Greek: ÎšÎ±Ï€Ï€Î±Î´Î¿ÎºÎ¯Î±; see also List of traditional Greek place names; Turkish Kapadokya) was an extensive inland district of Asia Minor (modern Turkey). ... Cilicia as Roman province, 120 AD In Antiquity, Cilicia (ÎšÎ¹Î»Î¹ÎºÎ¯Î±) was the name of a region, now known as Ã‡ukurova, and often a political unit, on the southeastern coast of Asia Minor (modern Turkey), north of Cyprus. ... Roman province of Commagene, 120 CE Commagene (Greek KÎ¿Î¼Î¼Î±Î³Î·Î½Î· KommagÃªnÃª) was a small sometime kingdom, located in modern south-central Turkey, with its capital at Samosata (modern Samsat, near the Euphrates). ... This article or section may contain inappropriate or misinterpreted citations. ... Corsica et Sardinia is an ancient Roman province including Corsica and Sardinia. ... // The Province The Roman province of Dacia was limited to the modern Romanian regions of Transylvania, the Banat and Oltenia, and temporally, Muntenia and southern Moldova. ... Map of Croatia with Dalmatia highlighted Dalmatia (Croatian: Dalmacija Serbian: Ð”Ð°Ð»Ð¼Ð°Ñ†Ð¸Ñ˜Ð°) is a region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, in modern Croatia, spreading between the island of Rab in the northwest and the Gulf of Kotor (Boka Kotorska) in the southeast. ... Epirus (Greek Î‰Ï€ÎµÎ¹ÏÎ¿Ï‚, Ãpiros) is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan peninsula in south-eastern Europe. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Gallia Aquitania, a province of The Roman Empire Gallia Aquitania, in ancient geography, was a province of the Roman Empire, located in present-day southwest France and bordered by the provinces of Gallia Lugdunensis, Gallia Narbonensis, and Hispania Tarraconensis. ... The Roman Province of Gallia Belgica in 58 BCE The Roman Province of Gallia Belgica around 120 CE Gallia Belgica was a Roman province located in what is now the southern part of the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, northeastern France, and western Germany. ... Roman province of Gallia Lugdunensis, 120 AD Gallia Lugdunensis was a province of the Roman Empire roughly encompassing the regions of Brittany, Normandy and the area around Lutetia Parisiorum (Paris) in what is now the modern country of France. ... Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis, 120 AD Gallia Narbonensis was a Roman province located in what is now Languedoc and Provence, in southern France. ... The Roman province of Germania Inferior, 120 AD Germania Inferior (in English: Lower Germany) was a Roman province located on the left bank of the Rhine, in todays southern Netherlands and western Germany. ... Categories: Historical stubs | Ancient Roman provinces | German history | Germany | History of the Germanic peoples ... Roman province of Hispania Baetica, 120 CE In Hispania, which in Greek is called Iberia, there were three Imperial Roman provinces, Hispania Baetica in the south, Lusitania, corresponding to modern Portugal, in the west, and Hispania Tarraconensis in the north and northeast. ... Roman province of Lusitania, 120 AD Lusitania, an ancient Roman province approximately including current Portugal (except for the area between the rivers Douro and Minho) and part of modern day western Spain (specifically the present autonomous community Extremadura), named after the Lusitani or Lusitanian people. ... Roman Imperial province of Hispania Tarraconensis, 120 AD Hispania Tarraconensis was one of three Roman provinces in Hispania. ... Iudaea Province in the 1st century Iudaea was a Roman province that extended over Judaea (Palestine). ... In ancient geography, Lycaonia was a large region in the interior of Asia Minor, north of Mount Taurus. ... Lycia (Lycian: TrmÌƒmisa) is a region in the modern day Antalya Province on the southern coast of Turkey. ... In the first century A.D., the Emperor Claudius divided the Roman province of Mauretania into Mauretania Caesariensis and Mauretania Tingitana. ... In the first century A.D., the Emperor Claudius divided the Roman province of Mauretania into Mauretania Caesariensis and Mauretania Tingitana. ... Moesia is an ancient province situated in the areas of modern Serbia and Bulgaria. ... Noricum in ancient geography was a celtic kingdom in Austria and later a province of the Roman Empire. ... Numidia was an ancient African Berber kingdom and later a Roman province on the northern coast of Africa between the province of Africa (where Tunisia is now) and the province of Mauretania (which is now the western part of Algerias coastal area). ... Osroene (also: Osrohene, Osrhoene; Syriac: Ü¡Ü ÜŸÜ˜Ü¬Ü Ü•Ü’ÜÜ¬ Ü¥Ü£ÜªÜ Ü¥ÜÜ¢Ü¶Ü), also known by the name of its capital city, Edessa (modern Sanli Urfa, in Syriac: ÜÜ˜ÜªÜ—Ü), was one of several kingdoms arising from the dissolution of the Seleucid Empire. ... Position of the Roman province of Pannonia Pannonia is an ancient country bounded north and east by the Danube, conterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia. ... Pamphylia, in ancient geography, was the region in the south of Asia Minor, between Lycia and Cilicia, extending from the Mediterranean to Mount Taurus. ... Pisidia was an inland region in southern Anatolia. ... Traditional rural Pontic house A man in traditional clothes from Trabzon, illustration Pontus is the name which was applied, in ancient times, to extensive tracts of country in the northeast of Asia Minor (modern Turkey) bordering on the Euxine (Black Sea), which was often called simply Pontos (the main), by... The Roman Empire ca. ... Sicilia (Latin) was the name given to the first province acquired by the Roman Republic in its rise to Empire, organised in 241 BCE as a proconsular governed territory in the aftermath of the First Punic War with Carthage. ... Roman province of Sophene, 120 CE Armenia Sophene was a short-lived (c. ... Thrace (Bulgarian: Ð¢Ñ€Ð°ÐºÐ¸Ñ, Trakiya; Greek: Î˜ÏÎ¬ÎºÎ·, ThrÃ¡kÄ“; Latin: Thracia or Threcia, Turkish: Trakya, Macedonian: Ð¢Ñ€Ð°ÐºÐ¸Ñ˜Ð°) is a historical and geographic area in southeast Europe. ...

Encyclopedia > Cyrenaican

Contents

Ancient history

Muslim and modern history

See also

External links and references