Publius Sulpicius Quirinius (rendered in Greek Κυρήνιος Kyrenios, sometimes Grecized as Cyrenius, c. 51 BC - AD 21) was the Roman governor of Syria. Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC - 50s BC - 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC Years: 56 BC 55 BC 54 BC 53 BC 52 BC 51 BC 50 BC 49 BC 48... Events By place Roman Empire Revolt of the Aedui under Julius Florus and Julius Sacrovir, suppressed by Gaius Silius Tiberius is a Roman Consul for the fourth time. ... The Roman Empire is the name given to both the imperial domain developed by the city-state of Rome and also the corresponding phase of that civilization, characterized by an autocratic form of government. ... A governor or governour (archaic) is a governing official, usually the executive (at least nominally, to different degrees also politically and administratively) of a non-sovereign level of government, ranking under the Head of state; furthermore the title applies to officials with a similar mandate as representatives of a chartered...

Born in the neighborhood of Lanuvium, a Latin town near Rome, his family was rich but lacked political influence. Quirinius served in the Roman army, possibly participating in Octavian's campaign that culminated in the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. For the following decade he served in Spain, and upon assuming his first governorship, Quirinius defeated the Marmarici, a tribe of desert raiders, before becoming governor of Crete and Cyrene in 14 BC. In 12 BC he was named a consul in Rome as a favorite of Augustus. Six years afterward he was dispatched to govern Pamphylia-Galatia in the east, where another successful military campaign there earned him honors in Rome. Augustus (Latin: IMP•CAESAR•DIVI•F•AVGVSTVS;[1] September 23, 63 BC–August 19, AD 14), known as Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (English Octavian; Latin: C•IVLIVS•C•F•CAESAR•OCTAVIANVS) for the period of his life prior to 27 BC, was the first and among the most important of... Combatants Octavian Mark Antony, Cleopatra VII of Egypt Commanders Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa Mark Antony Strength 260 warships, mostly liburnian vessels 220 warships, mostly quinqueremes and 60 egyptian warships Casualties Unknown Almost all of Antonys fleet The Battle of Actium was a naval battle of the Roman Civil War between... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC - 30s BC - 20s BC 10s BC 0s 10s 20s Years: 36 BC 35 BC 34 BC 33 BC 32 BC 31 BC 30 BC 29 BC 28 BC 27 BC... For the famous World War II battle, see: Battle of Crete For other uses, see Crete (disambiguation). ... Cyrene, the ancient Greek city (in present-day Libya) was the oldest and most important of the five Greek cities in the region and gave eastern Libya the classical name Cyrenaica that it has retained to modern times. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC - 10s BC - 0s 10s 20s 30s 40s Years: 19 BC 18 BC 17 BC 16 BC 15 BC 14 BC 13 BC 12 BC 11 BC 10 BC 9 BC... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC - 10s BC - 0s 10s 20s 30s 40s Years: 17 BC 16 BC 15 BC 14 BC 13 BC 12 BC 11 BC 10 BC 9 BC 8 BC 7 BC... Consul (abbrev. ... The Roman Empire is the name given to both the imperial domain developed by the city-state of Rome and also the corresponding phase of that civilization, characterized by an autocratic form of government. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

By AD 1, Quirinius had become chief advisor to Augustus' grandson Gaius Caesar, who died from wounds suffered on campaign. When he saw Augustus' support shift to his stepson Tiberius, he entered the latter's camp of followers. Tiberius, under order of Augustus, quells revolts in Germania (1 - 5) Gaius Caesar and Lucius Aemilius Paullus are appointed as consuls. ... Tiberius Caesar Augustus, born Tiberius Claudius Nero (November 16, 42 BC – March 16 AD 37), was the second Roman Emperor, from the death of Augustus in AD 14 until his own death in 37. ...

After the banishment of Herod Archelaus in 6, Iudaea Province (the conglomeration of Samaria, Judea and Idumea) came under the direct administration of the Romans. It thus becomes clear why the emperor Augustus should have ordered the ex-consul Quirinius to Syria to levy an assessment. At the same time Coponius was sent as prefect of Iudaea; but Quirinius went there also, as Legate of Syria, since the levying of the tax on the entire province was his special duty. Herod Archelaus (23 BC–c. ...   This article is about the year 6. ... Iudaea Province in the 1st century Iudaea was a Roman province that extended over Judaea (Palestine). ... It has been suggested that Sebastia, Middle East be merged into this article or section. ... Map of the southern Levant, c. ... Edom (אֱדוֹם, Standard Hebrew Edom, Tiberian Hebrew ʾĔḏôm) sounds like the Biblical Hebrew word for red and is a vividly apposite designation for the red sandstones of Edom. ... An emperor is a (male) monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. ... Augustus (Latin: IMP•CAESAR•DIVI•F•AVGVSTVS;[1] September 23, 63 BC–August 19, AD 14), known as Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (English Octavian; Latin: C•IVLIVS•C•F•CAESAR•OCTAVIANVS) for the period of his life prior to 27 BC, was the first and among the most important of... The Census of Publius Sulpicius Quirinius was an enrolment (apographai) of the Roman Provinces of Syria and of Iudaea (which included Samaria, Judea and Idumea), for the purpose of taxation taken during the reign of the Roman Emperor Augustus. ... A prefect (from the Latin praefectus, perfect participle of praeficere: make in front, i. ... The word legate comes from the Latin legare (to send). It has several meanings, all related to representatives: A legate is a member of a diplomatic embassy. ...

The assessment caused great dissatisfaction among the Jews, and open revolt was prevented only by the efforts of the high priest Joazar. The levying of this assessment resulted, moreover, in the revolt of Judas the Galilean and in the formation of the party of the Zealots. This article is about revolution in the sense of a drastic change. ... The term High Priest may refer to particular individuals who hold the office of ruler-priest in local regional or ethnic contexts. ... Judas of Galilee, Judas Galileus, or Judas of Gamala (after his birth-place) was the leader of a Jewish revolt, or Zealot movement, against the Romans about 6AD. Judas, along with Zadok (Zadduk, Sadduc), a Pharisee, preached that God alone was the ruler of Israel and later urged that no... Zealotry denotes zeal in excess, referring to cases where activism and ambition in relation to an ideology have become excessive to the point of being harmful to others, oneself, and ones own cause. ...

He served as governor of Syria with nominal authority over Iudaea until 12, when he returned to Rome as a close associate of Tiberius. Nine years later Quirinius died and was given a public funeral. For other uses, see number 12. ... Tiberius Caesar Augustus, born Tiberius Claudius Nero (November 16, 42 BC – March 16 AD 37), was the second Roman Emperor, from the death of Augustus in AD 14 until his own death in 37. ...

The Gospel of Luke mentions Quirinius, governor of Syria in relation to a census of the "whole world". The statement in Luke, however, still puzzles historians, for Luke and the Gospel of Matthew date the events surrounding the birth of Jesus to the reign of Herod the Great, who by the accounts of Josephus, Strabo, and Tacitus died in 4 BC, nearly ten years before Quirinius became governor of Syria. Josephus does, however, document a census taken early in Quirinius' term of office. The Gospel of Luke is the third and longest of the four canonical Gospels of the New Testament, which tell the story of Jesus life, death, and resurrection. ... The Gospel of Matthew (literally, according to Matthew; Greek, Κατά Μαθθαίον or Κατά Ματθαίον) is one of the four Gospel accounts of the New Testament. ... Adoration of the Shepherds (1535-40), by Florentine Mannerist painter Agnolo Bronzino The Nativity of Jesus, or simply the Nativity, refers to the birth of Jesus of Nazareth, although it is also used for the birth of Mary, especially in iconography. ... Jesus (8–2 BC/BCE to 29–36 AD/CE),[1] also known as Jesus of Nazareth, is the central figure of Christianity. ... Hordos (Hebrew: הוֹרְדוֹס, ; Greek: , ; trad. ... A representation of Flavius Josephus, a woodcutting in John C. Winstons translation of his works Josephus (37 – shortly after 100 AD/CE)[1], who became known, in his capacity as a Roman citizen, as Flavius Josephus[2], was a 1st-century Jewish historian and apologist of priestly and royal... The Greek geographer Strabo in a 16th century engraving. ... Gaius Cornelius Tacitus Publius or Gaius Cornelius Tacitus (c. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC - 0s BC - 0s 10s 20s 30s 40s 9 BC 8 BC 7 BC 6 BC 5 BC 4 BC 3 BC 2 BC 1 BC 1 2 Events Archelaus becomes... A representation of Flavius Josephus, a woodcutting in John C. Winstons translation of his works Josephus (37 – shortly after 100 AD/CE)[1], who became known, in his capacity as a Roman citizen, as Flavius Josephus[2], was a 1st-century Jewish historian and apologist of priestly and royal... The Census of Publius Sulpicius Quirinius was an enrolment (apographai) of the Roman Provinces of Syria and of Iudaea (which included Samaria, Judea and Idumea), for the purpose of taxation taken during the reign of the Roman Emperor Augustus. ...

See also

• The Census of Quirinius and the Gospels

The Census of Publius Sulpicius Quirinius was an enrolment (apographai) of the Roman Provinces of Syria and of Iudaea (which included Samaria, Judea and Idumea), for the purpose of taxation taken during the reign of the Roman Emperor Augustus. ...

External links

• Publius Sulpicius Quirinius
• Jewish Encyclopedia: QUIRINIUS, P. SULPICIUS

References

The literature is given in Emil Schürer, Geschichte 3d ed., i. 508-543, the following works being especially important: Emil Schürer (May 2, 1844 - April 30, 1910), German Protestant theologian, was born at Augsburg. ...

• T. Mommsen, Res Gestœ Divi Augusti, 1st ed., p. 121 (2d ed., pp. 175 et seq.);
• Karl Theodor Keim, Gesch. Jesu 3d ed., pp. 101 et seq., Zurich, 1873;
• David Strauss, Das Leben Jesu, 11th ed., i. 57, ii. 24, Bonn, 1895;
• Alfred Edersheim, Life of Jesus the Messiah, i. 182, London 1883;
• Francis Haverfield, in The Classical Review, 1900.
• This article incorporates text from the 1901–1906 Jewish Encyclopedia, a publication now in the public domain.