Cystitis is the inflammation of the bladder. The condition primarily affects women, but can affect either sex and all age groups. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or disease. ... The following codes are used with International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. ... // N00-N39 - Diseases of the genitourinary system: urinary system (N00-N08) Glomerular diseases Prefixes: .2 Diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis (N00) Acute nephritic syndrome (N01) Rapidly progressive nephritic syndrome (N02) Recurrent and persistent haematuria (N03) Chronic nephritic syndrome (N04) Nephrotic syndrome Lipoid nephrosis (N05) Unspecified nephritic syndrome (N06) Isolated proteinuria with specified... The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or disease. ... The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. ... The Diseases Database is a free website that provides information about the relationships between medical conditions, symptoms, and medications. ... In the anatomy of mammals, the urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular and distensible or elastic organ that sits on the pelvic floor. ...

Types

There are several types of cystitis:

• bacterial cystitis, the most common type, which is most often caused by coliform bacteria being transferred from the bowel through the urethra into the bladder
• interstitial cystitis, which is painful, difficult to diagnose, and does not involve foreign organisms
• hemorrhagic cystitis

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection of the urinary tract. ... ... Phyla Actinobacteria Aquificae Chlamydiae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Lentisphaerae Nitrospirae Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacteria Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Verrucomicrobia Bacteria (singular: bacterium) are unicellular microorganisms. ... In anatomy, the intestine is the portion of the alimentary canal extending from the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine (or colon). ... In anatomy, the urethra is a tube which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. ... Interstitial cystitis (commonly abbreviated to IC) is a urinary bladder disease of unknown cause characterised by urinary frequency (as often as every 10 minutes), urgency, pressure and/or pain in the bladder and/or pelvis. ... A crab is an example of an organism. ... Hemorrhagic cystitis is diffuse inflammation of the bladder leading to hemorrhage. ...

Causes, incidence and risk factors:

Cystitis occurs when the normally sterile lower urinary tract (urethra and bladder) is infected by bacteria and becomes irritated and inflamed. It is very common. In anatomy, the urethra is a tube which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. ... A bladder is a pouch or other flexible enclosure with waterproof or gasproof walls. ...

The condition frequently affects sexually active women ages 20 to 50 but may also occur in those who are not sexually active or in young girls. Older adults are also at high risk for developing cystitis, with the incidence in the elderly being much higher than in younger people.

Cystitis is rare in males. Females are more prone to the development of cystitis because of their relatively shorter urethra -- bacteria do not have to travel as far to enter the bladder -- and because of the relatively short distance between the opening of the urethra and the anus. Female Human Anatomy Male Human Anatomy Anal redirects here. ...

More than 85% of cases of cystitis are caused by Escherichia coli, a bacterium found in the lower gastrointestinal tract. Sexual intercourse may increase the risk of cystitis because bacteria can be introduced into the bladder through the urethra during sexual activity. Once bacteria enter the bladder, they normally are removed through urination. When bacteria multiply faster than they are removed by urination, infection results. ... The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract), also called the digestive tract, alimentary canal, or gut, is the system of organs within multicellular animals that takes in food, digests it to extract energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste. ...

Risks for cystitis include obstruction of the bladder or urethra with resultant stagnation of urine, insertion of instruments into the urinary tract (such as catheterization or cystoscopy), pregnancy, diabetes, HIV, and a history of analgesic nephropathy or reflux nephropathy. Catheter disassembled In medicine, a catheter is a tube that a health professional may insert into part of the body. ... A sterile flexible cystoscope in an operating theatre Hello this is a Message to Dad Quit Reading this stuff :) . Endoscopy of the urinary bladder via the urethra is called cystoscopy. ... A pregnant woman near the end of her term Pregnancy is the carrying of one or more embryos or fetuses by female mammals, including humans, inside their bodies. ... This article is about the disease that features high blood sugar. ... Human immunodeficiency virus or HIV is a retrovirus that causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), a condition in which the immune system begins to fail, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections. ... Nephropathy refers to damage to or disease of the kidney. ...

The elderly of both sexes are at increased risk for developing cystitis due to incomplete emptying of the bladder associated with such conditions as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatitis and urethral strictures. Also, lack of adequate fluids, bowel incontinence, immobility or decreased mobility and placement in a nursing home, all put people at increased risk for cystitis. For other uses of the acronym BPH, see BPH (disambiguation). ... Prostatitis is any form of inflammation of the prostate gland. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ...

Symptoms

• Pressure in the lower pelvis
• Painful urination (dysuria)
• Frequent or urgent need to urinate
• Need to urinate at night (nocturia)
• Abnormal urine color (cloudy)
• Blood in the urine (hematuria)
• Foul or strong urine odor

In medicine, specifically urology, dysuria refers to any difficulty in urination. ... Nocturia is the need to get up during the night in order to urinate, thus interrupting sleep. ... In medicine, hematuria (or haematuria) is the presence of blood in the urine. ...

Signs and Tests

• A urinalysis commonly reveals white blood cells (WBCs) or red blood cells (RBCs).
• A urine culture (clean catch) or catheterized urine specimen may be performed to determine the type of bacteria in the urine and the appropriate antibiotic for treatment.

Treatment

Because of the risk of the infection spreading to the kidneys (complicated UTI) and due to the high complication rate in the elderly population and in diabetics, prompt treatment is almost always recommended. A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection of the urinary tract. ...

Medication

Antibiotics are used to control the bacterial infection. It is vital that you finish the entire course of prescribed antibiotics. Commonly used antibiotics include:

• Nitrofurantoin
• Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
• Amoxicillin
• Cephalosporins
• Ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin
• Doxycycline

The choice of antibiotic should preferably be guided by the result of urine culture. Nitrofurantoin is an antibiotic. ... Co-trimoxazole is a bacteriostatic antibiotic combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, in the ratio of 1 to 5, used in the treatment of a variety of bacterial infections. ... Amoxicillin (INN) or amoxycillin (former BAN) is a moderate-spectrum β-lactam antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections caused by susceptible microorganisms. ... The cephalosporins, are a class of β-lactam antibiotics. ... Ciprofloxacin is the generic international name for the synthetic antibiotic manufactured and sold by Bayer Pharmaceutical under the brand names Cipro and Ciproxin (and other brand names in other markets, e. ... Levofloxacin is relatively new fluoroquinolone antibiotic, marketed by Ortho-McNeil under the brand name Levaquin. ... Doxycycline (INN) (IPA: ) is a member of the tetracycline antibiotics group and is commonly used to treat a variety of infections. ...

Chronic or recurrent UTI should be treated thoroughly because of the chance of kidney infection (pyelonephritis). Antibiotics control the bacterial infection. They may be required for long periods of time. Prophylactic low-dose antibiotics are sometimes recommended after acute symptoms have subsided. Pyelonephritis is an ascending urinary tract infection that has reached the pyelum (pelvis) of the kidney (nephros in Greek). ... This page is a candidate to be moved to Wiktionary. ...

Pyridium may be used to reduce the burning and urgency associated with cystitis. In addition, common substances that increase acid in the urine, such as ascorbic acid or cranberry juice, may be recommended to decrease the concentration of bacteria in the urine. Phenazopyridine is a chemical which, when secreted into the urine, has a specifical local analgesic effect. ...

Monitoring

Follow-up may include urine cultures to ensure that bacteria are no longer present in the bladder.

Expectations

Most cases of cystitis are uncomfortable but disappear without complication after treatment.

Possible complications

• Chronic or recurrent urinary tract infection
• Complicated UTI (pyelonephritis)
• Acute renal failure

Pyelonephritis is an ascending urinary tract infection that has reached the pyelum (pelvis) of the kidney (nephros in Greek). ...

Prevention

Keeping the genital area clean and remembering to wipe from front to back may reduce the chance of introducing bacteria from the rectal area to the urethra.

Increasing the intake of fluids may allow frequent urination to flush the bacteria from the bladder. Urinating immediately after sexual intercourse may help eliminate any bacteria that may have been introduced during intercourse. Refraining from urinating for long periods of time may allow bacteria time to multiply, so frequent urinating may reduce risk of cystitis in those who are prone to urinary tract infections.

Drinking cranberry juice prevents certain types of bacteria from attaching to the wall of the bladder and may lessen the chance of infection [1].