The Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (Československá socialistická republika in Czech and Slovak) was the official name of Czechoslovakia from 1960 until early 1990 (i.e. shortly after the Velvet Revolution). During World War II, Czechoslovakia disappeared from the map of Europe. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Czechoslovakia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Czechoslovakia. ... Motto Czech/Slovak: Pravda vítÄ›zí/víťazí Latin: Veritas Vincit (Truth prevails; 1990-1992) Anthem Kde domov můj and Nad Tatrou sa blýska Capital Prague Language(s) Czech, Slovak Government Republic President  - 1989-1992 Václav Havel Prime Minister  - 1992 Jan Stráský History  - post-Velvet... Image File history File links Flag_of_Czechoslovakia. ... Image File history File links Czechoslovakia_COA_1961-1989. ... Categories: Czech Republic | National flags | Stub ... The large CoA (1918-1961) Several Coat of arms were used during Czechoslovakias history, some alongside each other. ... A motto (from Italian) is a phrase or a short list of words meant formally to describe the general motivation or intention of an entity, social group, or organization. ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that is evoking and eulogizing the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognized either by a nations government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people. ... Å kroup‘s score of Kde domov můj Kde domov můj? (Where is My Home?) is the national anthem of the Czech Republic. ... Nad Tatrou sa blýska is the national anthem of Slovakia. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist, the capital was moved, or the capital city was renamed. ... Nickname: Motto: Praga Caput Rei publicae Location within the Czech Republic Coordinates: , Country Czech Republic Region Capital City of Prague Founded 9th century Government  - Mayor Pavel Bém Area  - City 496 km²  (191. ... The term socialist state (or socialist republic, or workers state) can carry one of several different (but related) meanings: Strictly speaking, any real or hypothetical state organized along the principles of socialism may be called a socialist state. ... Gustáv Husák (January 10, 1913 in Dúbravka (today part of Bratislava, Slovakia) - November 18, 1991 in Bratislava) was a Slovak politician, the last president of Czechoslovakia and a long-term Communist leader of Czechoslovakia and of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia in the 1970s and 1980s. ... Lubomír Å trougal (Born October 19, 1924 in Veselí nad Lužnicí) is a former Czech politician and communist Czechoslovakia prime minister. ... For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ... July 11 is the 192nd day (193rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 173 days remaining. ... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ... Motto Czech/Slovak: Pravda vítÄ›zí/víťazí Latin: Veritas Vincit (Truth prevails; 1990-1992) Anthem Kde domov můj and Nad Tatrou sa blýska Capital Prague Language(s) Czech, Slovak Government Republic President  - 1989-1992 Václav Havel Prime Minister  - 1992 Jan Stráský History  - post-Velvet... March is the third month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ... Population density by country, 2006 Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. ... ISO 4217 Code CSK User(s) Czech Republic Slovakia Inflation 57. ... Non-violent protesters face armoured policemen The Velvet Revolution (Czech: , Slovak: ) (November 16 – December 29, 1989) refers to a non-violent revolution in Czechoslovakia that saw the overthrow of the communist government there. ...

The traditional name Československá republika (Czechoslovak Republic) was changed on July 11, 1960 (when the new constitution was put into effect) as a symbol of the "final victory of socialism" in the country, and remained so until the fall of socialism in Czechoslovakia. Several other state symbols were changed in 1960. Non-violent protesters face armoured policemen The Velvet Revolution (Czech: , Slovak: ) (November 16 – December 29, 1989) refers to a non-violent revolution in Czechoslovakia that saw the overthrow of the communist government there. ...

History

Main articles: History of Czechoslovakia, 1969-1987 and 1987-1992

Czechoslovakia in 1969

Except for a short period in the late 1960s (the Prague Spring) the country was characterized by the absence of democracy and relative economic backwardness compared to Western Europe, although its economy remained more advanced than those of its neighbors in Eastern Europe. In the religious sphere, atheism was officially promoted and taught. In 1969, Czechoslovakia was turned into a federation of the Czech Socialist Republic and Slovak Socialist Republic. Under the federation, social and economic inequities between the Czech and Slovak halves of the state were largely eliminated. A number of ministries, such as Education, were formally transferred to the two republics. However, the centralized political control by the Communist Party severely limited the effects of federalization. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1200x624, 13 KB)Map of Czechoslovakia (self made) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1200x624, 13 KB)Map of Czechoslovakia (self made) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... People in a café watch Soviet tanks roll past The Prague Spring (Czech: Pražské jaro, Slovak: Pražská jar, Russian: пражская весна) was a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia starting January 5, 1968 when Alexander Dubček came to power, and running until August 20 of that year when the... “Atheist” redirects here. ... A map displaying todays federations. ... From 1969 to 1990, the Czech Socialist Republic (Česká socialistická republika in Czech; abbreviated ČSR) was the official name of that part of Czechoslovakia that is the Czech Republic today. ... From 1969 to 1990, the Slovak Socialist Republic (Slovenská socialistická republika in Slovak; abbreviated SSR) was the official name of that part of Czechoslovakia that is Slovakia today. ...

The 1970s saw the rise of the dissident movement in Czechoslovakia, represented (among others) by Václav Havel. The movement sought greater political participation and expression in the face of official disapproval, making itself felt by limits on work activities (up to a ban on any professional employment and refusal of higher education to the dissident's children), police harassment and even prison time. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Václav Havel, GCB, CC, (IPA: ) (born October 5, 1936 in Prague) is a Czech writer and dramatist. ...

In 1989, the country became a democratic country again through the Velvet Revolution. In 1992, the federal parliament decided to dissolve the country into the Czech Republic and Slovakia, as of January 1, 1993. Non-violent protesters face armoured policemen The Velvet Revolution (Czech: , Slovak: ) (November 16 – December 29, 1989) refers to a non-violent revolution in Czechoslovakia that saw the overthrow of the communist government there. ... The Dissolution of Czechoslovakia is a general term for the dissolution of the former country of Czechoslovakia into the nations of the Czech Republic and Slovakia, effective January 1, 1993. ... is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ...

Geography

Neighbours: West Germany and East Germany), Poland, Soviet Union, Hungary, Austria GDR redirects here. ...

Administrative divisions

Main article: Administrative divisions of Czechoslovakia This article deals with historic administrative divisions of Czechoslovakia up to 1992, when the country was split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia and the divisions were changed. ...

• 1960–1992: 10 regions [kraje], Prague, and (since 1970) Bratislava; divided in 109–114 districts [okresy]; the kraje were abolished temporarily in Slovakia in 1969–1970 and for many functions since 1991 in Czechoslovakia; in addition, the two republics Czech Socialist Republic and Slovak Socialist Republic were established in 1969.

Nickname: Motto: Praga Caput Rei publicae Location within the Czech Republic Coordinates: , Country Czech Republic Region Capital City of Prague Founded 9th century Government  - Mayor Pavel Bém Area  - City 496 km²  (191. ... Nickname: Location of Bratislava within Slovakia Coordinates: , Country Slovakia Region Bratislava Region Districts Bratislava I-V City parts 17 city boroughs Cadastral areas 20 cadastral areas First mentioned 907[1] Government  - Type City council  - Mayor (Primátor) Andrej ÄŽurkovský[2]  - Headquarters Primates Palace Area [1]  - City 367. ... // In February 1948, when the Communists definitively took power in Czechoslovakia, the country was declared a peoples republic — a preliminary step toward socialism and, ultimately, communism. ... The politics and government of Communist Czechoslovakia (1948 - 1989) were characterised by the following points: Communist Party of Czechoslovakia A monopoly on political power was held by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ). National Front Other parties and organizations existed formally but functioned in subordinate roles to KS&#268... This article is part of the main article Czechoslovakia. ... Population (1991): 15. ... The government of Czechoslovakia under communism was in theory a democratic one directed by the proletariat, in practice it was much closer to being totalitarian dictatorship run by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia the KSC. In the 1970s and 1980s the government structure was based on the amended 1960 Constitution... This article is part of the main article: Czechoslovakia Characteristics In the 1980s, Czechoslovakia had a comprehensive and universal system of social security under which everyone was entitled to free medical care and medicine, in theory at least. ... Control As in all East European communist countries, the mass media in Czechoslovakia was controlled by the Communist party (KSÄŒ). Private ownership of any publication or agency of the mass media was generally forbidden, although churches and other organizations published small periodicals and newspapers. ... This article is part of the main article: Czechoslovakia Minerals, Oil and Power Plants Minerals and Mining Czechoslovakia had significant quantities of coal and lignite. ... Social groups Czechoslovakia, of all the East European countries, entered the postwar era with a relatively balanced social structure and an equitable distribution of resources. ...

Politics

Main article: Politics of Communist Czechoslovakia

Monopoly on politics held by Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. Gustáv Husák elected first secretary of KSC in 1969 (changed to general secretary in 1971) and president of Czechoslovakia in 1975. Other parties and organizations existed but functioned in subordinate roles to KSC. All political parties, as well as numerous mass organizations, grouped under umbrella of National Front of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. Human rights activists and religious activists severely repressed. The politics and government of Communist Czechoslovakia (1948 - 1989) were characterised by the following points: Communist Party of Czechoslovakia A monopoly on political power was held by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ). National Front Other parties and organizations existed formally but functioned in subordinate roles to KS&#268... The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, in Czech and in Slovak: Komunistická strana ÄŒeskoslovenska (KSÄŒ) was a political party in Czechoslovakia that existed between 1921 and 1992. ... Gustáv Husák (January 10, 1913 in Dúbravka (today part of Bratislava, Slovakia) - November 18, 1991 in Bratislava) was a Slovak politician, the last president of Czechoslovakia and a long-term Communist leader of Czechoslovakia and of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia in the 1970s and 1980s. ...

Economy

Main article: Economy of Communist Czechoslovakia

After WWII, economy centrally planned with command links controlled by communist party, similar to Soviet Union. Large metallurgical industry but dependent on imports for iron and nonferrous ores. In the mid-1980s, Czechoslovakia was one of Eastern Europes most industrialized and prosperous countries. ...

• Industry: Extractive and manufacturing industries dominated sector. Major branches included machinery, chemicals, food processing, metallurgy, and textiles. Industry wasteful of energy, materials, and labor and slow to upgrade technology, but country source of high-quality machinery and arms for other communist countries.
• Agriculture: Minor sector but supplied bulk of food needs. Dependent on large imports of grains (mainly for livestock feed) in years of adverse weather. Meat production constrained by shortage of feed, but high per capita consumption of meat.
• Foreign Trade: Exports estimated at US$17.8 billion in 1985, of which 55 % machinery, 14 % fuels and materials, 16 % manufactured consumer goods. Imports at estimated US$17.9 billion in 1985, of which 41 % fuels and materials, 33 % machinery, 12 % agricultural and forestry products other. In 1986, about 80 % of foreign trade with communist countries.
• Exchange Rate: Official, or commercial, rate Kcs 5.4 per US$1 in 1987; tourist, or noncommercial, rate Kcs 10.5 per US$1. Neither rate reflected purchasing power. The exchange rate on the black market was around Kcs 30 per US$1, and this rate became the official one once the currency became convertible in the early 1990s.
• Fiscal Year: Calendar year.
• Fiscal Policy: State almost exclusive owner of means of production. Revenues from state enterprises primary source of revenues followed by turnover tax. Large budget expenditures on social programs, subsidies, and investments. Budget usually balanced or small surplus.

It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into underground economy. ...

Resource base

Main article: Resource base of Communist Czechoslovakia This article is part of the main article: Czechoslovakia Minerals, Oil and Power Plants Minerals and Mining Czechoslovakia had significant quantities of coal and lignite. ...

After WWII, country energy short, relying on imported crude oil and natural gas from Soviet Union, domestic brown coal, and nuclear and hydroelectric energy. Energy constraints a major factor in 1980s.

Society and social groups

Main article: Society of Communist Czechoslovakia Social groups Czechoslovakia, of all the East European countries, entered the postwar era with a relatively balanced social structure and an equitable distribution of resources. ...

Religion

Main article: Religion in Communist Czechoslovakia

In 1991: Roman Catholics 46.4%, Evangelic Lutheran 5.3%, Atheist 29.5%, n/a 16.7%, but there were huge differences between the 2 constituent republics – see Czech Republic and Slovakia This article is part of the article: Czechoslovakia // 1948 Czechoslovakia entered the socialist era with a varied religious heritage. ...

Health, social welfare and housing

Main article: Health and Social Welfare in Communist Czechoslovakia This article is part of the main article: Czechoslovakia Characteristics In the 1980s, Czechoslovakia had a comprehensive and universal system of social security under which everyone was entitled to free medical care and medicine, in theory at least. ...

After WWII, free health care was available to all citizens. National health planning emphasized preventive medicine; factory and local health-care centers supplemented hospitals and other inpatient institutions. Substantial improvement in rural health care in 1960s and 1970s.

Mass media

Main article: Mass media in Communist Czechoslovakia Control As in all East European communist countries, the mass media in Czechoslovakia was controlled by the Communist party (KSČ). Private ownership of any publication or agency of the mass media was generally forbidden, although churches and other organizations published small periodicals and newspapers. ...

The mass media in Czechoslovakia was controlled by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ). Private ownership of any publication or agency of the mass media was generally forbidden, although churches and other organizations published small periodicals and newspapers. Even with this informational monopoly in the hands of organizations under KSČ control, all publications were reviewed by the government's Office for Press and Information. The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, in Czech and in Slovak: Komunistická strana ÄŒeskoslovenska (KSÄŒ) was a political party in Czechoslovakia that existed between 1921 and 1992. ... Censorship is defined as the removal and withholding of information from the public by a controlling group or body. ...

Heads of state and government

• List of Presidents of Czechoslovakia
• List of Prime Ministers of Czechoslovakia
• see also Communist Party of Czechoslovakia — Leaders

This is a list of presidents of Czechoslovakia. ... List of Prime Ministers of Czechoslovakia: Karel Kramář: 14 November 1918 - 8 July 1919 Vlastimil Tusar: 8 July 1919 - 15 September 1920 Jan Černý: 15 September 1920 - 26 September 1921 Edvard Beneš: 26 September 1921 - 7 October 1922 Antonín Švehla: 7 October 1922 - 18 March 1926 Jan Černý: 18... The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, in Czech and in Slovak: Komunistická strana Československa (KSČ) was a political party in Czechoslovakia that existed between 1921 and 1992. ... The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, in Czech and in Slovak: Komunistická strana Československa (KSČ) was a political party in Czechoslovakia that existed between 1921 and 1992. ...

International agreements and membership

Active participant in Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon), Warsaw Pact, United Nations and its specialized agencies, and Movement of Nonaligned Nations; signatory of conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe A Soviet poster reading COMECON: Unity of Goals, Unity of Action The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON / Comecon / CMEA / CEMA), 1949 – 1991, was an economic organization of communist states and a kind of Eastern Bloc equivalent to—but more inclusive than—the European Economic Community. ... Unofficial Seal of the Warsaw Pact Distinguish from the Warsaw Convention, which is an agreement about airlines financial liability and the Treaty of Warsaw (1970) between West Germany and the Peoples Republic of Poland. ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... The Non-Aligned Movement, or NAM is an international organization of over 100 states which consider themselves not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. ... The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is an international organization for security. ...

Czechoslovakia in 1969

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1200x624, 13 KB)Map of Czechoslovakia (self made) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1200x624, 13 KB)Map of Czechoslovakia (self made) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ...

See also

• Government structure of Communist Czechoslovakia
• Economy of Communist Czechoslovakia
• Resource base of Communist Czechoslovakia
• Transportation in Czechoslovakia
• Population and Ethnic Groups of Czechoslovakia
• Society of Communist Czechoslovakia
• Education in Czechoslovakia
• Religion in Communist Czechoslovakia
• Health and Social Welfare in Communist Czechoslovakia
• Mass media in Communist Czechoslovakia

The government of Czechoslovakia under communism was in theory a democratic one directed by the proletariat, in practice it was much closer to being totalitarian dictatorship run by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia the KSC. In the 1970s and 1980s the government structure was based on the amended 1960 Constitution... In the mid-1980s, Czechoslovakia was one of Eastern Europes most industrialized and prosperous countries. ... This article is part of the main article: Czechoslovakia Minerals, Oil and Power Plants Minerals and Mining Czechoslovakia had significant quantities of coal and lignite. ... This article is part of the main article: Czechoslovakia Overview Railroads: In 1985 total of 13,141 kilometers, of which 12,883 kilometers standard gauge, 102 kilometers broad gauge, and 156 kilometers narrow gauge; 2,866 kilometers double tracked and 3,221 kilometers electrified. ... Population (1991): 15. ... Social groups Czechoslovakia, of all the East European countries, entered the postwar era with a relatively balanced social structure and an equitable distribution of resources. ... This article is part of the main article: Czechoslovakia History Before the Communist Era Czechoslovakia (and its succession states) had a tradition of academic and scholarly endeavor in the mainstream of European thought and a history of higher education dating from the Middle Ages. ... This article is part of the article: Czechoslovakia // 1948 Czechoslovakia entered the socialist era with a varied religious heritage. ... This article is part of the main article: Czechoslovakia Characteristics In the 1980s, Czechoslovakia had a comprehensive and universal system of social security under which everyone was entitled to free medical care and medicine, in theory at least. ... Control As in all East European communist countries, the mass media in Czechoslovakia was controlled by the Communist party (KSČ). Private ownership of any publication or agency of the mass media was generally forbidden, although churches and other organizations published small periodicals and newspapers. ...

Timeline