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Encyclopedia > D'ni numerals

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A numeral is a symbol or group of symbols that represents a number. Numerals differ from numbers just as words differ from the things they refer to. The symbols 11, eleven and XI are different numerals, all representing the same number. This article treats the various systems of numerals. See... Numeral systems

Arabic numerals (also called Hindu numerals or Hindu-Arabic numerals) are by far the most common form of symbolism used to represent numbers. The Arabic numeral system is a positional base 10 numeral system with 10 distinct glyphs representing the 10 numerical digits. The leftmost digit of a number has... Arabic
The system of Armenian numerals is a historic numeral system originating using the (capital) letters of the ancient Armenians. In modern Armenia, the familiar Arabic numerals are used. There was no notation for zero in the old system, and the numeric values for individual letters were added together. The principles... Armenian
Attic (Greek)
The Babylonians used a base-60 (or sexagesimal) positional numeral system borrowed from the Sumerians. Sexagesimals still survive to this day, in the form of degrees, minutes, and seconds in trigonometry and the measurement of time. A common theory is that sixty was chosen due to its prime factorization 2... Babylonian
Today, speakers of Chinese use three numeral systems: There is the ubiquitous system of Arabic digits and two ancient Chinese numeral systems. The Hua1 Ma3 (花碼 U+82B1, U+78BC for flowery or fancy numbers) system has gradually been supplanted by the Arabic system in writing numbers. The character... Chinese
The system of Egyptian numerals is a numeral system used in ancient Egypt. It is a decimal system, written in both hieroglyphs and hieratic. Digits and numbers The following hieroglyphs were used to denote powers of ten: or Description Single stroke Cattle hobble or yoke Coil of rope Water lily... Egyptian
Etruscan
Greek numerals are a system of representing numbers using letters of the Greek alphabet. In modern Greece, they are still in use for ordinal numbers, and in much the same situations as Roman numerals are in the West; for ordinary numbers, Arabic numerals are used. The earliest system of numerals... Greek
The system of Hebrew numerals is a quasi-decimal alphabetic numeral system using the letters of the Hebrew alphabet. In this system, there was no notation for zero, and the numeric values for individual letters are added together. Each unit (1, 2, ..., 9) is assigned a separate letter, each tens... Hebrew
India has produced many numeral systems. Arguably, any of these numeral systems could be called the Indian numeral system. For the purpose of this article however the term Indian numeral system will refer only to the positional base 10 numeral systems that developed in India and the term Indian numerals... Indian
Ionian (Greek)
Basic numbering in Japanese The system of Japanese numerals is the system of number names used in the Japanese language. (Some numbers have multiple names.) (In modern Japanese, yaoyorozu means something more like myriad, and is mainly found in set phrases. Historically, however, it simply meant 8 million.) The numbers... Japanese
Khmer numerals are the numerals used in the Khmer language of Cambodia. Khmer numerals are very similar to the Thai numerals. See also Khmer language Khmer alphabet Categories: Numeration ... Khmer
The Pre-Columbian Maya civilization used a vigesimal (base-20) numeral system. Maya numbers as shown in Maya codices The numerals are made up of three symbols; zero (egg shape), one (a dot) and five (a bar). For example, 19 is written as four dots in a horizontal row above... Mayan
The system of Roman numerals is a numeral system originating in ancient Rome, and was adapted from Etruscan numerals. The system used in antiquity was slightly modified in the Middle Ages to produce the system we use today. It is based on certain letters which are given values as numerals... Roman
Cyrillic
Thai numerals are traditionally used in Thailand, although the Western or Arabic numerals are more common. From ten to a million These are assembled from the words for the powers of ten. The number one following a power of ten becomes et. The numbers from twenty to twenty nine begin... Thai

The binary or base-two numeral system is a system for representing numbers in which a radix of two is used; that is, each digit in a binary numeral may have either of two different values. Typically, the symbols 0 and 1 are used to represent binary numbers. Owing to... Binary (2)
The octal numeral system is the base-8 number system, and uses the digits 0–7. According to Donald Knuths The Art of Computer Programming, it was invented by King Charles XII of Sweden. Octal numerals can be made from binary numerals by grouping consecutive digits into groups... Octal (8)
Decimal, or denary, notation is the most common way of writing the base 10 numeral system, which uses various symbols for ten distinct quantities (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, called digits) together with the decimal point and the sign symbols + (plus) and − (minus... Decimal (10)
In mathematics, hexadecimal or simply hex is a numeral system with a radix or base of 16 usually written using the symbols 0–9 and A–F or a–f. For example, the decimal numeral 79 whose binary representation is 01001111 can be written as 4F in... Hexadecimal (16)

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D'ni numerals were the A numeral is a symbol or group of symbols that represents a number. Numerals differ from numbers just as words differ from the things they refer to. The symbols 11, eleven and XI are different numerals, all representing the same number. This article treats the various systems of numerals. See... base-25 counting system used by the D'ni, as seen in the two A computer game is a game composed of a computer-controlled virtual universe that players interact with in order to achieve a defined goal or set of goals. A video game is a computer game where the player is given feedback through a video display. Generally, computer game refers to... computer games Myst franchise Games Myst Riven Myst III: Exile Myst IV: Revelation Myst V: End of Ages Uru: Ages Beyond Myst Ages of: Myst Riven Myst III: Exile Myst IV: Revelation Uru Novels Myst: The Book... Riven and Myst franchise Games Myst Riven Myst III: Exile Myst IV: Revelation Myst V: End of Ages Uru: Ages Beyond Myst Ages of: Myst Riven Myst III: Exile Myst IV: Revelation Uru Novels Myst: The Book... Uru: Ages Beyond Myst, and in Photo of Cyan Worlds Myst franchise Games Myst Riven Myst III: Exile Myst IV: Revelation Myst V: End of Ages Uru: Ages Beyond Myst Ages of: Myst Riven Myst III: Exile Myst IV: Revelation Uru Novels Myst... Cyan's Myst novels.

Spoiler warning: Plot or ending details follow.

It is suggested that you do not read this article or look at the accompanying picture until you have finished the game Riven. A significant part of the Riven end game is left inaccessible until the player has deduced the meaning of the symbols as numerals, and their values. The numerals also make a cameo appearance in Myst franchise Games Myst Riven Myst III: Exile Myst IV: Revelation Myst V: End of Ages Uru: Ages Beyond Myst Ages of: Myst Riven Myst III: Exile Myst IV: Revelation Uru Novels Myst: The Book... Myst III: Exile. Finally, the meanings of numerals one through eight are presented much more straightforwardly in the Myst franchise Games Myst Riven Myst III: Exile Myst IV: Revelation Myst V: End of Ages Uru: Ages Beyond Myst Ages of: Myst Riven Myst III: Exile Myst IV: Revelation Uru Novels Myst: The Book... Relto Age in Myst franchise Games Myst Riven Myst III: Exile Myst IV: Revelation Myst V: End of Ages Uru: Ages Beyond Myst Ages of: Myst Riven Myst III: Exile Myst IV: Revelation Uru Novels Myst: The Book... Uru: Ages Beyond Myst.


Description

Though it is a base-25 numeral system, all numerals are derived from 5 basic glyphs. These glyphs unaltered are the "basic" numerals 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4. The numerals 1, 2, 3, and 4 are rotated ninety degrees counterclockwise to yield the "rotated" numerals 5, 10, 15, and 20, respectively. (Rotating the basic numeral, therefore, multiplies its value by five; this principle of Fives misleads many to believe that D'ni numerals are base-5.)


To yield the remaining digits 0 to 24, a basic numeral is superimposed upon a rotated numeral, adding the two values together. For example, a 4 is superimposed upon a 15 (a rotated 3) to yield the numeral for 19.


Having now derived digits for ALL numbers 0 to 24, higher numbers are derived as in any other place-value system. Digits are appended to the left, each representing a higher power of 25, with the zero numeral acting as placeholder.


There are two additional numerals, which are cultural symbols more than bona fide members of the D'ni numeral system.


The first is a single-digit 25 (an 'X'-shaped glyph). The D'ni used numbers to show degrees of extent or completeness (much as we use percentages). 25 represented utter completeness or the greatest possible extent. For instance, then, if a D'ni were extremely lonely, he might say he was "lonely to 25."


The other is a "cyclical zero" (a forward slash-shaped glyph). It was used in circumstances where numbers progress in a cycle, with the beginning tied to the end. Their clocks, for example, divided D'ni "minutes" into 25 D'ni "seconds." The first "second" of a "minute" was represented not by a typical 0 or 25, but by the cyclical zero, representing both the end of one "minute" and the beginning of another.


Overview graphic

Image:D'ni_numerals.jpg


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