Đ (lowercase đ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, formed from D with the addition of a bar or stroke through the letter. This is the same modification that was used to create eth (ð), but eth is based on an insular variant of d while đ is based on its usual upright shape. Đ is part of the alphabets of several languages, as well as being used in linguistics as a phonetic symbol. A Latin capital letter D with a stroke through its vertical bar (Đ) is the uppercase form of several different letters: D with stroke (Đ, Ä‘), used in Vietnamese, some South Slavic and Sami languages Eth (Ð, ð), used in Icelandic, Faroese, and Old English African D (, ), representing a voiced retroflex plosive sound D–E... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz redirects here. ... For other uses, see D (disambiguation). ... The bar or stroke can be a diacritic mark, when used with some letters in the Latin or Cyrillic alphabets. ... Eth (Ð, ð), also spelled edh or eð, is a letter used in Old English (Anglo-Saxon) and present-day Icelandic, and in Faroese language which call the letter edd. ... The beginning of the Gospel of Mark from the Book of Durrow. ... For the journal, see Linguistics (journal). ... Phonetic transcription (or phonetic notation) is the visual system of symbolization of the sounds occurring in spoken human language. ...

Appearance

A variant form with the stroke through the bowl usually used as a phonetic symbol.

In the lowercase, the stroke is usually drawn through the ascender, but when used as a phonetic symbol it may be preferred to draw it through the bowl.^[1] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The ascenders are the parts of the characters that lie above the midline, highlighted in red. ...

In the uppercase, the stroke is normally drawn through just the left side, but in Vietnamese it may sometimes cross the entire letter.^{[citation needed]}

Usage

A 9th century Latin manuscript. The abbreviation ſcđo (secundo, "second") occurs on the third line.

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Latin

Đ was used in Medieval Latin to mark abbreviations of words containing the letter d. For example, hđum could stand for heredum "of the heirs". Similar strokes were added to other letters to form abbreviations.^[2] Medieval Latin was the form of Latin used in the Middle Ages, primarily as a medium of scholarly exchange and as the liturgical language of the medieval Roman Catholic Church, but also as a language of science, literature, law, and administration. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

A page from the đ section of Alexandre de Rhodes' Dictioniarum Annamiticum, a 1651 Vietnamese-Portuguese-Latin dictionary.

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Alexandre de Rhodes (March 15, 1591 - November 5, 1660) was a French Jesuit missionary. ...

Vietnamese

In Vietnamese, đ represents a voiced alveolar implosive (IPA: /ɗ/). It is considered a distinct letter, and placed between D and E in alphabetical order. The voiced alveolar implosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... For other uses, see D (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see E (disambiguation). ... This article needs cleanup. ...

The Vietnamese alphabet was developed in the 17th century, but did not replace the existing chữ nôm system (which used Chinese characters) until the 20th century when the French colonial administration made the Latin alphabet official. The Vietnamese alphabet has the following 29 letters, in collating order: Vietnamese also uses the 10 digraphs and 1 trigraph below. ... Chữ nôm (𡦂喃 lit. ... Technical note: Due to technical limitations, some web browsers may not display some special characters in this article. ...

South Slavic languages

Đ was added to Gaj’s Latin alphabet by Đuro Daničić in the 19th century. The lexeme soon found its way into the Latinic transliterations firstly of Serbian (through the Serbo-Croat historical chapter) and then Macedonian (its Latinic transliterations heavily influenced by Serbo-Croat from the Yugoslav period) to represent the voiced alveolo-palatal affricate (IPA: /dʑ/). The letter was used in the Serbo-Croatian language of Yugoslavia, and this practice is continued in the modern written languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia. (This may include Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, and Serbian, but whether to regard each as a distinct language is a controversial issue.) In Croatian at least, Đ is prounounced the same way an English speaker would pronounce the letter g in ginger. The variant of the Latin alphabet devised by Ljudevit Gaj, in his book 1830 Kratka osnova horvatsko-slavenskog pravopisanja (A short primer of Croatian-Slavic orthography), is currently used as the only script of the Bosnian and Croatian standard languages, and as one of the two scripts of the Serbian... Đuro Daničić (born April 4, 1825 in Novi Sad, died November 17, 1882 in Zagreb), was Serbian philologist, translator, linguistic historian and lexicographer. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Serbian (; ) is one of the standard versions of the Shtokavian dialect, used primarily in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, and by Serbs in the Serbian diaspora. ... Serbo-Croatian (srpskohrvatski or hrvatskosrpski) is a name for a language of the Western group of the South Slavic languages. ... The voiced alveolo-palatal affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... Serbo-Croatian or Croato-Serbian (sometimes just Croatian or Serbian) (srpskohrvatski, cрпскохрватски, hrvatskosrpski, hrvatski ili srpski or srpski ili hrvatski), earlier also Serbo-Croat, is a South Slavic language. ... Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija in the Latin alphabet, Југославија in Cyrillic; English: South Slavia, or literary The Land of South Slavs) describes three political entities that existed one at a time on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe, during most of the 20th century. ... This article is about the country in Europe. ... Not to be confused with Republika Srpska. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Serbian (; ) is one of the standard versions of the Shtokavian dialect, used primarily in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, and by Serbs in the Serbian diaspora. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Đ is considered a distinct letter, and placed between Dž and E in alphabetical order. Its Cyrillic equivalent is Ђ ђ in Serbian and Montenegrin. Its partial equivalent in Macedonian is Ѓ ѓ (only some accents contain the /dʑ/ sound). When a true đ is not available or not desired, it is transcribed as dj. Ç… (lowercase dž) is the seventh letter of the Croatian and Serbian (Latin form) alphabets, after D and before Đ. It is pronounced as . ... For other uses, see E (disambiguation). ... This article needs cleanup. ... The Cyrillic alphabet (pronounced also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters) is actually a family of alphabets, subsets of which are used by certain Slavic languages — Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Rusyn, Serbian, and Ukrainian—as well as many other languages of the former Soviet Union... Dje, or Djerv (Ђ, Ñ’) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Serbian language. ... Serbian (; ) is one of the standard versions of the Shtokavian dialect, used primarily in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, and by Serbs in the Serbian diaspora. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Gje (Ѓ, Ñ“) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Macedonian language and sometimes equivalent to Ñ’, mainly in Serbian words. ... Transcription is the conversion into written, typewritten or printed form, of a spoken language source, such as the proceedings of a court hearing. ...

Sami languages

In Northern Sami and Skolt Sami, đ represents a voiced dental fricative (English th in this; IPA: /ð/). It is considered a distinct letter, and placed between D and E in alphabetical order. Northern Saami (also, Sámi or Sami, formerly Lapp) can be divided into a three major dialect groups: Torne, Finnmark and Sea Sami. ... Skolt Sami (Sää´mÇ©iõll) is a Finno-Ugric, Sami language spoken in Finland and nearby parts of Russia. ... The voiced dental non-sibilant fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... For other uses, see D (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see E (disambiguation). ... This article needs cleanup. ...

Phonetic transcription

An example of đ being used for a voiced dental fricative in the phonetic transcription of early Germanic languages, alongside ƀ for bilabial and ʒ for velar, from Joseph Wright's Old High German Primer (1906).

The lowercase đ is used in some phonetic transcription schemes to represent a voiced dental fricative (English th in this; IPA: /ð/). Eth (ð) is more commonly used for this purpose, but đ has the advantage of being able to be typed on a standard typewriter, by putting a hyphen over a d.^[3] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 289 pixelsFull resolution‎ (917 × 331 pixels, file size: 7 KB, MIME type: image/gif)A table of correspondences between some consonants in old Germanic languages, from Joseph Wrights Old High German Primer, second edition (1906). ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 289 pixelsFull resolution‎ (917 × 331 pixels, file size: 7 KB, MIME type: image/gif)A table of correspondences between some consonants in old Germanic languages, from Joseph Wrights Old High German Primer, second edition (1906). ... Phonetic transcription (or phonetic notation) is the visual system of symbolization of the sounds occurring in spoken human language. ... The Germanic languages are a group of related languages constituting a branch of the Indo-European (IE) language family. ... is a letter of the Latin alphabet, formed from b with the addition of a bar, which can be through either the ascender or the bowl. ... The voiced bilabial fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ... Ezh (capital , lowercase ) is a character in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), representing the voiced postalveolar fricative. ... The voiced velar fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ... Joseph Wright FBA (1855-1930) rose from humble origins to become Professor of Comparative Philology at Oxford University. ... Phonetic transcription (or phonetic notation) is the visual system of symbolization of the sounds occurring in spoken human language. ... The voiced dental non-sibilant fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... Eth (Ð, ð), also spelled edh or eð, is a letter used in Old English (Anglo-Saxon) and present-day Icelandic, and in Faroese language which call the letter edd. ... Mechanical desktop typewriters, such as this Underwood Five, were long time standards of government agencies, newsrooms, and sales offices. ... This article is about the punctuation mark. ...

Computer encoding

Đ and đ are encoded in Latin-2, Latin-4 and Latin-10 as D0 and F0 respectively; in Latin-6 as A9 and B9; and in Unicode as U+0110 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH STROKE and U+0111 LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH STROKE, respectively. In Unicode, both the version with the stroke through the ascender and the version with the stroke through the bowl are considered glyph variants of U+0111.^[1] ISO 8859-2, more formally cited as ISO/IEC 8859-2 or less formally as Latin-2, is part 2 of ISO/IEC 8859, a standard character encoding defined by ISO. It encodes what it refers to as Latin alphabet no. ... ISO 8859-2, more formally cited as ISO/IEC 8859-2 or less formally as Latin-2, is part 2 of ISO/IEC 8859, a standard character encoding defined by ISO. It encodes what it refers to as Latin alphabet no. ... ISO 8859-16, also known as Latin-10 or South-Eastern European, is an 8-bit character encoding, part of the ISO 8859 standard. ... ISO 8859-10, also known as Latin-6, is an 8-bit character encoding, part of the ISO 8859 standard. ... The Unicode Standard, Version 5. ...

As part of WGL4, Đ and đ can be expected to display correctly on most computer systems. Windows Glyph List 4, or more commonly WGL4 for short, is a character set defined by Microsoft and containing 652 characters. ...

References

1. ^ ^{a b} The Unicode Consortium (2003). The Unicode Standard, Version 4.0. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley Developers Press, 432. 
2. ^ Bischoff, Bernhard (1990). Latin Palaeography: Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Cambridge University Press, 150. 
3. ^ Pullum, Geoffrey K.; Ladusaw, William A. (1996). Phonetic Symbol Guide. University of Chicago Press, 36–37. 

Professor Geoffrey K. Pullum (born March 8, 1945 in Irvine, Scotland) is a linguist specialising in the study of English. ...

See also

• Eth
• African D