The Doctor of Musical Arts degree (D.M.A., or A.Mus.D.), like other doctorates, is an academic degree of the highest level. The D.M.A. is intended for musicians who wish to combine the highest attainments in their area of specialization with doctoral-level academic study in music. D.M.A. students typically complete applied studies culminating in several solo recitals, take courses within their area of specialization (as well as related courses in music theory and music history), and write a thesis or dissertation.
The D.M.A. program is generally designed to prepare students to be artist-performers and conductors in either university settings, or in the professional arena. The D.M.A. is widely available in performance (sometimes with a specialization in pedagogy and/or literature), composition, and conducting; the D.M.A. in music education is less common. The terminal degree in music theory, musicology, and ethnomusicology is typically the Ph.D.; music education doctoral programs may grant the Ph.D. and/or the Ed.D..
While the Ph.D. is the most common doctoral degree, and even often (mis)understood to be synonymous with the term “doctorate,” the U.S. Department of Education and the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) recognize numerous doctoral degrees as equivalent, and do not discriminate between them.
A list of doctoral degree designations can be found at: doctorate.
Alternatively there is a special area on RMs website www.royalmail.com/update that gives the latest news and offers a facility to log on to receive automatic e-mail updates.
The DMA has negotiated a range of discounts on business products and services exclusively for DMA members.
DMA is an essential feature of all modern computers, as it allows devices to transfer data without subjecting the CPU to a heavy overhead.
For so-called "third party" DMA, as is normally used with the ISA bus, the transfer is performed by a DMA controller which is typically part of the motherboard chipset.
A typical usage of DMA is copying a block of memory from system RAM to or from a buffer on the device.
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