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A disc jockey "scratching" a record.
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A disc jockey "scratching" a record.

A disc jockey (also called DJ, or deejay) is an individual who selects and plays prerecorded music for an intended audience. Image File history File links Alkivar-003-TWEAKED.jpg Summary Original Source: http://www. ... Image File history File links Alkivar-003-TWEAKED.jpg Summary Original Source: http://www. ... Methods and media for sound recording are varied and have undergone significant changes between the first time sound was actually recorded for later playback until now. ...

Contents


Etymology of the term

The term disc jockey was first used to describe radio announcers who would introduce and play popular gramophone records. These records, also called discs by those in the industry, were jockeyed by the radio announcers, hence the name disc jockey, which was soon shortened to DJs or deejays. Today there are a number of factors, including the selected music, the intended audience, the performance setting, the preferred medium, and the development of sound manipulation, that have led to different types of disc jockeys. However, today there are many different kinds of "DJ's" and it does not always mean "Disc Jockey" for example radio DJ's and Turntablist dj's Manufacturers put records inside protective and decorative cardboard jackets and an inner paper sleeve to protect the grooves from dust and scratches. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...


Job description

The physical act of selecting and playing sound recordings is called deejaying, or DJing. From simply playing a series of recordings (referred to as programming, or composing a playlist), to the manipulating of recordings, using techniques such as audio mixing, cueing, phrasing, cutting, scratching, and beatmatching, often to the point of creating original musical compositions. It should be noted that the term "DJ" in Jamaican dancehall culture refers to the performer (elsewhere known as MC) who inserts live ad lib raps or "toasts" over dub instrumental recordings played by the "selector", who performs the function of the traditional "DJ". In its most general form, a playlist is simply a list of songs. ... Audio mixing is used in sound recording, audio editing and sound systems to balance the relative volume and frequency content of a number of sound sources. ... A cue is a short term for the cue stick or the cue ball. ... When DJing, phrasing refers to the timing of a DJs mixes with respect to song structure. ... In hip hop music, cutting is a disc jockey technique, originated by DJ Grandmaster Flash, which is manually queueing up duplicate copies of the same record in order to play the same passage, cutting back and forth between them. ... Scratching is a DJ or turntablist technique originated by Grand Wizard Theodore, an early hip hop DJ from New York (AMG). ... Beatmatching is a technique employed by DJs to transition between two songs while performing either live at a club or event, for radio broadcast or for distribution on prerecorded mix tapes/cds, achieved by changing the tempo of a new track to match that of the currently playing track, then... Musical composition is: an original piece of music the structure of a musical piece the process of creating a new piece of music // A musical composition A piece of music exists in the form of a written composition in musical notation or as a single acoustic event (a live performance... MasterCard logo Manchaster Town Hall MC can mean: Mini Cooper: Macao: FIPS PUB 10-4 territory code Machine, (also m/c) Manchester, England (also m/c) Mariah Carey, American songstress Marginal cost Marin Catholic Master cylinder Master of Ceremonies Rapper (also emcee), or a prefix for the names of rappers...


Equipment

The most basic equipment that is necessary for a standard disc jockey to perform consists of the following: 1. Sound recordings in preferred medium (eg. vinyl records, compact discs, mp3s) 2. A minimum of two devices for playback of sound recordings, for alternating back and forth to create continuous playback (e.g. record players, compact disc players, mp3 players) 3. A sound system for amplification of the recordings (e.g. portable audio system, radio wave broadcaster) Sound system has multiple meanings: A sound reinforcement system is a system for amplifying, reproducing, and sometimes recording audio. ...


The addition of a DJ mixer (used to mix the sound of the two or four playback devices), a microphone (used to amplify the human voice), and headphones (used to listen to one recording while the other is playing, without outputting the sound to the audience) is strongly recommended, but not required. Other types of equipment including samplers, drum machines, effects processors, and Computerized Performance Systems, add to the performance of the DJ. A DJ mixer is a type of audio mixer. ... A microphone, sometimes referred to as a mike or mic (pronounced mike), is an acoustic to electric transducer that converts sound into an electrical signal. ... In-ear headphones Headphones (also known as earphones, stereophones, headsets, or the slang term cans) is a transducer that receives an electrical signal from a media player or receiver and uses speakers placed in close proximity to the ears (hence the name earphone) to convert the signal into audible sound... An AKAI MPC2000 sampler A sampler is an electronic musical instrument that can record and store audio signal samples, generally recordings of existing sounds, and play them back at a range of pitches. ... A Boss DR-202 Drum Machine A drum machine is an electronic musical instrument designed to imitate the sound of drums and/or other percussion instruments. ...


Techniques

Several techniques can be used by the disc jockey as a means to manipulate the prerecorded music. These include audio mixing, cueing, slip-cueing, phrasing, cutting, beat juggling, scratching, beatmatching, needle drops, phase shifting, and more. Audio mixing is used in sound recording, audio editing and sound systems to balance the relative volume and frequency content of a number of sound sources. ... A cue is a short term for the cue stick or the cue ball. ... Slip-cueing is a DJ technique originated by Francis Grasso that consists of holding a record still with his thumb and forefinger while a protective slipmat and the steel platter of the turntable revolved underneath. ... When DJing, phrasing refers to the timing of a DJs mixes with respect to song structure. ... In hip hop music, cutting is a disc jockey technique, originated by DJ Grandmaster Flash, which is manually queueing up duplicate copies of the same record in order to play the same passage, cutting back and forth between them. ... Beat juggling is the act of manipulating two or more identical samples (e. ... Scratching is a DJ or turntablist technique originated by Grand Wizard Theodore, an early hip hop DJ from New York (AMG). ... Beatmatching is a technique employed by DJs to transition between two songs while performing either live at a club or event, for radio broadcast or for distribution on prerecorded mix tapes/cds, achieved by changing the tempo of a new track to match that of the currently playing track, then... The needle drop is a technique used in hip-hop deejaying, probably originated by Grand Wizard Theodore. ... This article is about the musical technique. ...


DJ control and economics

Throughout the 1950s, payola was an ongoing problem. Part of the fallout from that payola scandal was tighter control of the music by station management. The Top 40 format emerged, where popular songs are played repeatedly. It has been suggested that Pay to Play#In Music be merged into this article or section. ... Top 40 is a radio format based on frequent repetition of songs from a constantly-updated list of the forty best-selling singles. ...


Today, very few radio DJs in the United States have any control over what is played on the air. Play lists are tightly regulated, and the DJ is often not allowed to make any changes or additions. The songs to be played are usually determined by computerized algorithms and automation techniques, such as voice tracking, allowing single DJs to send announcements across many stations. A DJ might announce a song as a request even though it was already set to appear in the play list. It is not unusual for modern radio DJ's to get a request for a song, if they are allowed to play a request, which is rare, and download it from a free download site such as Limewire; then they enter it into the computer play list to make the listener happy. With modern computers and high-speed internet access, it is possible to fulfill any reasonable request in a matter of minutes. This is a little-known legal use for "free" music downloads, as all radio stations must pay licensing fees to ASCAP and BMI. A computer is a machine designed for manipulating data according to a list of instructions known as a program. ... Flowcharts are often used to represent algorithms. ... Automation (ancient Greek: = self dictated) or industrial automation or numerical control is the use of control systems (e. ... Voice tracking, also called cyber jocking and referred to sometimes colloquially as a robojock, is a technique employed by some radio stations to produce the illusion of a live disc jockey or announcer sitting in the studios of the station when one is not actually present. ... LimeWire is a free and open source peer-to-peer file sharing client for the Gnutella network. ... The American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP) is an organization known as a collecting society that protects intellectual property, ensuring that music which is broadcast, commercially recorded, or otherwise used for profit, pays a fee to compensate the creators of that music. ... BMI can mean one of the following: Body mass index - a measurement of ideal weight range Broadcast Music Incorporated - a music-related organization BMI British Midland - a UK airline founded to serve Great Britains midland regions. ...


Economically, this formula has been successful across the country. However, music aficionados look upon such practices with disgust and either seek out freeform stations that put the DJs back in control, or end up dumping terrestrial radio in favor of satellite radio services or portable music players. College radio stations and other public radio outlets are the most common places for freeform play lists in the U.S. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Freeform radio. ... A satellite radio or subscription radio (SR) is a digital radio that receives signals broadcast by communications satellite, which covers a much wider geographical range than terrestrial radio signals. ... Campus radio (also known as college radio, university radio or student radio) is a type of radio station that is run by the students of a college, university or other educational institution. ... Public broadcasting (also known as public service broadcasting or PSB) is the dominant form of broadcasting around the world, where radio, television, and potentially other electronic media outlets receive funding from the public. ...


Types of disc jockeys

By definition, the role of selecting and playing prerecorded music for an intended audience is the same for every disc jockey. The selected music, the audience, the setting, the preferred medium, and the level of sophistication of sound manipulation are factors that create a number of different types of deejays. Methods and media for sound recording are varied and have undergone significant changes between the first time sound was actually recorded for later playback until now. ...


Radio DJs

A radio disc jockey plays music that is broadcast across radio waves. AM and FM bands or worldwide on shortwave radio stations. For a while, WRNO-FM was a good example of the latter. AM radio is radio broadcasting using Amplitude Modulation. ... The abbreviations FM, Fm, and fm may refer to: Electrical engineering Frequency modulation (FM) and its most common applications: FM broadcasting, used primarily to broadcast music and speech at VHF frequencies FM synthesis, a sound-generation technique popularized by early digital synthesizers Science Femtometre (fm), an SI measure of length... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into high frequency. ... WRNO-FM is a Classic Rock outlet serving New Orleans, Louisiana. ...


Radio DJs are notable for their personalities. Often due to terrestrial radio using program directors to generate the playlist, radio DJs do not typically pick the music to play at stations. Emceeing becomes their primary duty.


The following is a list of the most common types of disc jockeys, along with notable examples of each, listed in chronological order by birth.


Notable Radio DJs

  • Christopher Stone (1882–1965), became the first disc jockey in the United Kingdom in 1927.
  • Martin Block (1901-1967), the first radio disc jockey to become a star, inspired the term "disc jockey".
  • Alan Freed (1922-1965), became internationally known for promoting African-American Rhythm and Blues music in the United States and Europe under the name of Rock and Roll.
  • Murray "The K" Kaufman (1922-1982), influential rock and roll disc jockey, for a time was billed as the "Fifth Beatle".
  • Jimmy Savile (born 1926), British DJ and television personality, best known for his BBC television show Jim'll Fix It where he made the wishes of members of the public (mainly children) come true. In 1947 he was the first ever DJ to use twin turntables for continuous play after he paid a local metalworker to weld two domestic record decks together.
  • Dick Clark (born 1929), host of American Bandstand, television's longest-running music/variety program, as well as a number of nationally syndicated radio shows.
  • Casey Kasem (born 1932), disc jockey and music historian, host of the long-running radio series American Top 40. Also the voice of Shaggy in the Scooby-Doo cartoon series.
  • "The Real Don Steele" (1936-1997), Los Angeles' pre-eminent "afternoon drive" personality and the Bossest of the "Boss Jocks" of LA's Top 40 powerhouse KHJ-AM - "Boss Radio" - during the 1960s.
  • Wolfman Jack (1938-1995), drew upon his love of horror movies and rock and roll to create his raspy-voiced, howling persona, one of radio’s most distinctive voices, and the subject of the song by the Guess Who Clap for the Wolfman which featured spoken parts by him.
  • John Peel (1939-2004), one of the original DJs of UK's Radio 1 in 1967, known for the extraordinary range of his taste in music, and for championing unknown musical artists.
  • Colin Davies (born 1946), known as The Professor of Rock, broadcasts a weekly show from Fairfax, Virginia that is carried on the website www.theprofessorrocks.com. The Professor's specialty is early rock'n'roll - Jerry Lee Lewis, Little Richard, Buddy Holly, Gene Vincent, Fats Domino - and his show receives emailed requests from rock'n'roll fans from all over the world.
  • Jim Ladd (born 1948), the last remaining freeform rock DJ in United States commercial radio.
  • Pete Tong (born 1960). First club DJ to get a regular show on Radio 1 in 1991, called The Essential Mix.
  • Chris Sheppard (born 196?). First DJ to release mix compilations, First DJ to mix cd's in a club. First for so many things he is known as The Often Imitated Never Duplicated One.
  • The Electrifying Mojo. Influential Detroit DJ in the late 70's - mid 80's. recognized for having introduced or "broken" many artists into the Detroit radio market, also influential in the development of Detroit's original techno artists.

See also: Christopher Stone became the first disc jockey in the United Kingdom, on July 7, 1927, when he first started playing records on the BBC. Categories: Stub | 1927 births ... 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Martin Block (1901-1967) was the first radio disc jockey to become a star in his own right. ... Alan Freed, also known as Moondog (December 15, 1921 – January 20, 1965) was an American disc-jockey (DJ) who became internationally known for promoting African-American Rhythm and Blues (R&B) music on the radio in the United States and Europe under the name of Rock and Roll. ... An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or simply black) is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. ... Rhythm and blues (or R&B or even Runub) was coined as a musical marketing term in the United States in 1949 by Jerry Wexler at Billboard magazine, and was used to designate upbeat popular music performed by African American artists that combined jazz, gospel, and blues. ... Rock and roll (also spelled Rock n Roll, especially in its first decade), also called rock, is a form of popular music, usually featuring vocals (often with vocal harmony), electric guitars and a strong back beat; other instruments, such as the saxophone, are common in some styles. ... Murray Kaufman (February 14, 1922 – February 21, 1982) professionally known as Murray the K, was a famous and influential rock and roll disc jockey. ... Sir Jimmy Savile OBE Sir James Wilson Vincent Savile OBE (born 31 October 1926), commonly called Jimmy Savile, is a British DJ, actor and television personality. ... The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC, sometimes also known as the Beeb or Auntie) is the largest broadcasting corporation in the world, founded in 1922. ... Jimll Fix It was a long running British television show broadcast by the BBC. The show debuted on 31 May 1975, and ran until June 1994. ... Dick Clark redirects here. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Casey Kasem (born Kemal Amin Kasem on April 27, 1932, in Detroit, Michigan) is an American radio personality and voice actor. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Scooby (left) and Shaggy (right), as seen in Whats New Scooby Doo? Norville Rogers (known by the nickname Shaggy to his friends) is a fictional character in the American cartoon television series Scooby-Doo, about the adventures of four crime-solving teenagers and Shaggys pet Great Dane, Scooby... Scooby-doo is also British naval divers slang for civilian sport scuba diver. Scooby-Doo is an important character in animation up to this day Scooby-Doo is a long-running animated series produced for television by Hanna-Barbera Productions from 1969 to 1986, 1988 to 1991, and from 2002... Don Steele, born Donald S. Revert (April 1, 1936 - August 5, 1997), was one of the most popular disc jockeys in the United States, from the middle of the 1960s until his retirement for health reasons in May 1997. ... Top 40 is a radio format based on frequent repetition of songs from a constantly-updated list of the forty best-selling singles. ... KHJ Radio in Los Angeles, California was one of Americas most formidable Top 40 radio stations in the 1960s and 1970s as 93 KHJ. KHJ went on the air in 1922 with a frequency of 930 kHz. ... Robert Weston (Bob) Smith (January 21, 1939—July 1, 1995) became world famous in the 1960s and 1970s as a disc jockey using the stage name of Wolfman Jack. ... See: The Guess Who, the 60s/70s rock band from Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. ... Autobiography John Robert Parker Ravenscroft, OBE (30 August 1939 – 25 October 2004), known professionally as John Peel, was a British disc jockey, radio presenter, and journalist. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ... Jerry Lee Lewis (born September 29, 1935) is an American rock and roll and country music singer, songwriter, and pianist. ... Little Richard on the cover of Rolling Stone magazine, (issue RS 58, May 28, 1970) Little Richard (born Richard Wayne Penniman, December 5, 1932 in Macon, Georgia) is an American singer, songwriter, and pianist, and an early African-American pioneer of rock and roll. ... Buddy Holly redirects here. ... Gene Vincent, real name Vincent Eugene Craddock (February 11, 1935 – October 12, 1971) was an American rockabilly pioneer musician, best known for his hit Be-Bop-A-Lula. He started playing in various country bands in his native Norfolk, Virginia after leaving the United States Navy with a permanent leg... Fats Domino Antoine Dominique Fats Domino (born February 26, 1928 or possibly May 10, 1929 in New Orleans, Louisiana), is a classic R&B and rock and roll singer, songwriter and pianist. ... Jim Ladd (born January 17, 1948), an American disc jockey, radio producer and writer, is the last remaining freeform rock DJ in United States commercial radio. ... Charles The Electrifying Mojo Johnson was a Detroit, USA radio disc jockey from the 1970s through the 1990s, whose on-air journey of musical and social development shaped a generation of music-lovers in Detroit and throughout southeastern Michigan and Canada, and was of paramount importance to the development of...


Bedroom DJs

A person who owns DJing equipment (i.e. turntables, mixer, CDJ, etc.) and has a passion for music, but does not play out to crowds at bars or special events (i.e. raves). Instead, they opt to play their music at home for their friends, record mix tapes or broadcast over the internet via audio broadcasting software, such as SHOUTcast. The compact audio cassette brought homemade mixes of pop songs within the reach of the casual music fan. ... SHOUTcast is a multiplatform freeware audio streaming technology, developed by Nullsoft. ...


Club/Rave DJs

A club/rave disc jockey is one that selects and plays music in a club setting. The setting can range anywhere from a small club, a neighborhood party, a disco, a rave, or even a stadium.


Music is the name of the game for club/rave DJs. They focus more on the music and mixing the music to wow their crowds.


Notable Club/Rave DJs

DJ Paul Oakenfold
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DJ Paul Oakenfold

See also: Category:Club DJs Image File history File linksMetadata Oakenfold@Nation. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Oakenfold@Nation. ... David Mancuso is the creator of the infamous by invitation only parties in New York City which have come to be known as The Loft. ... Flag Seal Nickname: The Big Apple, The Capital of the World[1], Gotham [2], Metropolis Location Location in the state of New York Government Counties (Boroughs) Bronx (The Bronx) New York (Manhattan) Queens (Queens) Kings (Brooklyn) Richmond (Staten Island) Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Geographical characteristics Area     City 1,214. ... The Loft is a nightclub in Gabriel Street, Maidstone. ... Francis Grasso was an American disc jockey from New York City, best known for inventing the technique of slip-cueing and later beatmatching which is the foundation of the modern club djs technique. ... Beatmatching is a technique employed by DJs to transition between two songs while performing either live at a club or event, for radio broadcast or for distribution on prerecorded mix tapes/cds, achieved by changing the tempo of a new track to match that of the currently playing track, then... Slip-cueing is a DJ technique originated by Francis Grasso that consists of holding a record still with his thumb and forefinger while a protective slipmat and the steel platter of the turntable revolved underneath. ... Larry Levan (born Lawrence Philpot, July 20, 1954 – died November 8, 1992, of AIDS) stands at the crossroads of disco, house music and garage music. ... The former home of the Paradise Garage on King Street. ... Frankie Knuckles (born January 18, 1955 as Frank Warren Knuckles Jr. ... House music is a style of electronic dance music, the earliest forms of which originated in the United States in the early- to mid-1980s. ... Gilles Peterson Gilles Peterson is an influential DJ and record-label owner from London, UK. Through his labels Acid Jazz and Talkin Loud he has been associated with the careers of countless well-known artists of the 1990s. ... Dj Starscream is Sid Wilson of Slipknot fame. ... Slipknot can refer to several things: Slip knot, a kind of knot. ... Paul Oakenfold performs at Club Nation in Washington DC. Photo by: Utopium Paul Oakenfold (born August 30, 1963 in London, England) is a record producer and one of the best-known DJs worldwide. ... DJ Tiesto Tiësto, formerly DJ Tiësto, is the stage name of Tijs Verwest (born January 17, 1969), one of the worlds leading dance DJs. ... DJ Keoki (born c. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Party Monster Party Monster (2003) is a drama/dark comedy that details the rise and fall of infamous New York party promoter Michael Alig. ... Paul van Dyk on the cover of The Politics of Dancing Paul van Dyk (born Matthias Paul; December 16, 1971 in Eisenhüttenstadt, Germany) is one of the worlds leading trance DJs and producers. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... A State of Trance (often abbreviated as ASOT) is the title of a radio show hosted by popular trance DJ Armin van Buuren. ... Ferry Corsten Ferry Corsten (born December 4, 1973 in Rotterdam, Netherlands) is a popular Dutch trance producer, DJ and remixer, and was one of the pioneers in the genre. ... Trance is a style of electronic dance music that developed in the 1990s. ...


Hip Hop DJs

Main article: Turntablism

A hip-hop disc jockey is one that selects, plays and creates music as a hip-hop artist and/or performer, often backing up one or more MCs. Turntablism is the art of manipulating sound and creating music using phonograph turntables and an audio mixer. ... A Master of Ceremonies or MC (sometimes spelled emcee) is the host of a staged event or other performance. ...


Notable Hip Hop DJs

  • DJ Kool Herc (born 1955), inventor of breakbeat technique, "the father of hip hop culture".
  • Grandmaster Flash (born 1958), one of the early pioneers of hip-hop DJing, cutting, and scratching. Created the Quick Mix Technique, which allowed a DJ to extend a break using two copies of the same record; essentially invented modern turntablism.
  • Afrika Bambaataa (born 1960), instrumental in the development of hip-hop from its birth in the South Bronx to its international success. He also created the first hip-hop track to feature synthesizers; "The godfather of hip-hop"
  • DJ Jazzy Jeff (born 1965), of DJ Jazzy Jeff and the Fresh Prince (also backed Will Smith on his solo efforts)
  • Jam Master Jay (1965-2002), founder and DJ of Run-DMC, one of the most innovative hip-hop groups of all time.
  • DJ Clue (born Ernesto Shaw on January 8, 1975 in Queens, New York City) is a mix DJ known for his involvement in the mix tape circuit. He signed as an artist on Roc-A-Fella Records
  • Eric B. (born 1965), one half of duo Eric B. & Rakim, popularized the James Brown-sampled funky hip-hop of the late 1980s.
  • Terminator X (born 1966), DJ of the highly influential hip-hop group Public Enemy.
  • DJ Lethal, the DJ for Irish hip-hop group House of Pain who subsequently became the DJ for Limp Bizkit.
  • DJ Qbert (born 1969), founding member of the turntablism group the Invisibl Skratch Piklz and three-time winner of the International DMC Award.
  • Mix Master Mike (born 1970), skilled DJ of hip-hop group Beastie Boys, three-time winner of the International DMC Turntablism Award.
  • The X-Ecutioners, a turntablist band with several collaborations with groups and artists, including Linkin Park and Xzibit.

See also: Category:Hip hop DJs Categories: People stubs | Hip hop musicians | Hip hop DJs | 1955 births ... Breakbeat (sometimes breakbeats or breaks) is a term used to describe a collection of sub-genres of electronic music, usually characterized by the use of a non-straighted 4/4 drum pattern (as opposed to the steady beat of house or trance). ... Grandmaster Flash (born Joseph Saddler on January 1, 1958 in Barbados) is a hip hop musician and DJ; one of the pioneers of hip-hop DJing, cutting, and mixing. ... Bambaataa, as pictured on the compilation Looking for the Perfect Beat 1980-1985 Afrika Bambaataa (born Kevin Donovan on April 17, 1957)[1] is a DJ and community leader from the South Bronx, who was instrumental in the early development of hip hop throughout the 1970s. ... Jeff Townes, AKA DJ Jazzy Jeff DJ Jazzy Jeff (born Jeffrey A. Townes on January 22, 1965 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American hip hop DJ/turntablist and hip hop/R&B record producer. ... Will Smith in the 2005 romantic comedy Hitch. ... Jason Mizell (January 21, 1965 – October 30, 2002), known as Jam Master Jay, was the founder and DJ of Run-DMC, a highly influential hip-hop group, based in the Queens borough of New York City. ... Run-DMC is a famous hip hop crew founded by Jason Mizell (Jam Master Jay) and includes Joseph Run Simmons and Darryl DMC McDaniels, all from Hollis, Queens. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Eric B. & Rakim were an East Coast hip hop duo who popularised the jazz-influenced hip hop of the late 1980s. ... Eric B. & Rakim were an East Coast hip hop duo who popularised the jazz-influenced hip hop of the late 1980s. ... James Brown, known variously as: Soul Brother Number One, the Godfather of Soul, Mr. ... MacGyver - 1980s hero The 1980s decade refers to the years from 1980 to 1989, inclusive. ... Terminator X (real name: Norman Rogers) is the DJ of the rap group Public Enemy. ... Public Enemy, also known as PE, is a seminal hip hop group known for their politically charged lyrics, criticism of the media and active interest in the concerns of the African American community. ... Leor (Lee) Dimant aka DJ Lethal (born December 18, 1972 in Latvia) is the turntablist of the band Limp Bizkit, and was formerly a member of the Boston rap group House of Pain, where he served as DJ and occasionly, beat producer. ... House of Pain was an Irish-American-influenced Rap group who released three albums in the early to mid 90s before lead singer Everlast decided to pursue his solo career again. ... Limp Bizkit (pronounced limp biscuit; originally Lethal Injection) are a teenage-targeted rapcore band who, along with their founders Korn, are often credited with creating the nu metal genre and widening its popularity. ... Q-bert (born 1969) is the performing name of Richard Quitevis, a Filipino-American DJ and music-writer. ... Turntablism is the art of manipulating sound and creating music using phonograph turntables and an audio mixer. ... Invisibl Scratch Piklz The Invisibl Skratch Piklz are a group of turntablists. ... DJ for the Beastie Boys and member of the Invisibl Skratch Piklz. ... The Beastie Boys are an American group from New York City: Brooklyn and Manhattan. ... The X-Ecutioners is a group of hip hop DJs/turntablists from New York. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Xzibit (a. ...


Reggae DJs

In reggae terms, the DJ is traditionally a vocalist who would rap, toast, or chat with an instrumental record. The term selector is reserved for the person who performs the traditional function of a DJ. Reggae is a music genre developed in Jamaica. ... In music a singer or vocalist is a type of musician who sings, i. ...


Mobile DJs

The mobile disc jockey is an extension of the original radio disc jockey. Mobile DJing is primarily seen as a part-time career; although, there are many mobile DJs around the world that use this as their primary career.


Mobile DJs travel or tour with their own sound systems and play from an extensive collection of pre-recorded music, on various media, for a targeted audience. Mobile DJs tend to work for hire at private functions such as receptions, religious ceremonies, school dances; but they can occasionally be seen in bars, nightclubs, or even block parties. Unlike many club/rave DJs, mobile DJs often play more mainstream selections of music from multiple genres and they often take requests.


The definition and responsibilities of a mobile disc jockey have changed since Bob Casey's first two-turntable system for continuous playback was utilized for sock-hops in 1955. Bands had long dominated the wedding entertainment industry, but with the advent of the less expensive mobile DJ, the demand for live performers dwindled. Even so, in the early years, the mobile DJ industry was seen as a last-resort choice for entertainment, as the DJs were reputed to frequently be unreliable and unprofessional. Mobile DJ companies came and went. However, a few companies of this era did establish themselves as competent businesses and thrived; some even still exist today.


During the Disco era of the 1970s, demand for mobile DJs (called mobile discos in the UK) soared. Top mobile DJs in this era would have hundreds of vinyl records and/or cassette tapes to play from. The equipment used in this era was enormous and usually required roadies (similar to those who work for bands) to set up. Because of the high demand for mobile DJs, many people from all facets of life jumped into the industry, hoping to make a few extra dollars on the weekends. These "Weekend Warriors", as they are called by many, helped enhance the negative stereotype of the mobile DJ; many of the same complaints from the earlier era continued.


Some tried to improve this image by forming professional associations. The Canadian Disc Jockey Association (CDJA) was one of the original associations formed in 1976 as a not-for-profit trade association for disc jockeys across Canada. It was joined by a much broader online association called the Canadian Online Disc Jockey Association (CODJA), founded by Canadian mobile DJs Glenn Miller (not the famous bandleader) and Dennis Hampson. What is the Canadian Disc Jockey Association? The [Canadian Disc Jockey Association] (CDJA) is a not-for-profit Trade association for Disc Jockeys across Canada. ...


United States Disc Jockeys were reluctant to form anything similar until 1992 when the American Disc Jockey Association (ADJA) was incorporated. The original Board of Directors was Bruce Keslar, Maureen Keslar, John Roberts, and Lori Jesse. In 1996, after being removed from the ADJA Board over a financial dispute, Keslar went on to form the for-profit National Association of Mobile Entertainers (NAME), based in the Philadelphia area. Both associations thrive today, with an estimated 5,000 members combined as of November 2005. N.A.M.E., the National Association of Mobile Entertainers was founded in 1996 by former ADJA Board member Bruce Keslar. ...


As the late 1980s turned into the 1990s, new technologies emerged. Compact disc collections were becoming the standard to play music from. Many equipment manufacturers realized the potential market that existed for mobile DJs and raced to make equipment that was smaller, easier to use, and of better quality. Dedicated mobile disc jockey trade publications such as DJ Times magazine and Mobile Beat magazine were founded in this era. These publications helped to spread the word about the emerging technologies and published informational articles that were helpful to the mobile disc jockey. This is also the era when mobile disc jockeys became the top entertainment choice for most private parties, including wedding receptions. The Compact Disc logo was inspired by that of the previous Compact Cassette. ... Mobile DJs Mobile Disc Jockeys are an extension of the original radio [[Disc Jockeys]]. Unlike their radio counterparts, the industry is primarily seen as a part-time or second career. ... DJ Times is considered by some to be the bible of the industry for the professional DJ. It is a monthly publication based out of Port Washington, New York that club and mobile DJs turn to as a source for products, technologies, news and information. ...


In the mid-1990s, computers and the Internet had a profound impact on the mobile DJ industry. Professor Jam, a Tampa Bay, Florida disc jockey already known in the industry for having performed for many celebrities and television networks, became one of the first mobile DJs in the United States to regularly use computer technology to play music at his shows, and was the first professionally endorsed computer disc jockey internationally. CODJA cofounder Glenn Miller became the first licensed MP3 DJ under new music licensing agreement that was introduced to Canada in 2000 by the AVLA, and had already pioneered online networking for mobile disc jockeys by starting the first bulletin board system for mobile DJs from all over North America (and eventually the world).[1] Tampa Bay is a large natural harbor and estuary on the western coast of Florida. ... A bulletin board system or BBS is a computer system running software that allows users to dial into the system over a phone line and, using a terminal program, perform functions such as downloading software and data, uploading data, playing games, reading news, and exchanging messages with other users. ...


In the 21st Century, the role of the mobile disc jockey has expanded. While there are still many conventional, "human jukebox" mobile DJs, many others have assumed more responsibilities to ensure the success of the events where they perform. These responsibilities include emceeing, event coordination, lighting direction, and sound engineering.


The number of resources available for mobile DJs has also expanded. Aside from the many online community forums, there are now annual conventions, regional conferences, and many local seminars for mobile disc jockeys to attend.


Notable Mobile DJs

  • In 1955, Bob Casey (born 1941), a well-known sock hop DJ, introduced the first two-turntable system for the purpose of alternating back and forth between records, creating continuous playback.

Timeline of events related to the disc jockey

  • 1857 - Leon Scott invents the phonoautograph, the first device to record arbitrary sound, in France.
  • 1877 - Thomas Alva Edison invents the phonograph cylinder, the first device to playback recorded sound, in the United States.
  • 1887 - German-American Emile Berliner invents the gramophone, a lateral disc device to record and playback sound.
  • 1889 - Coin-slot phonograph machines, the public's first encounter with recorded sound, begin to be mass-produced. The earliest versions played only a single record, but multiple record devices, called jukeboxes, were soon developed.
  • 1892 - Emile Berliner begins commercial production of his gramophone records, the first disc record to be offered to the public.
  • mid-1890s to early 1920s - Cylinder and disc recordings, and the machines to play them on, are widely mass marketed and sold. The disc system gradually becomes more popular due to its cheaper price and better marketing.
  • 1906 - Reginald Fessenden transmits the first audio radio broadcast in history when he plays Christmas music from Brant Rock, Massachusetts.
  • 1910s - Regular radio broadcasting begins, using "live" as well as prerecorded sound. In the early radio age, content typically includes comedy, drama, news, music, and sports reporting. The on-air announcers and programmers would later be known as disc jockeys.
  • 1920s - "Juke-joints" become popular as a place for dancing and drinking to jukebox music.
  • 1927 - Christopher Stone becomes the first radio announcer and programmer in the United Kingdom, on the BBC radio station.
  • 1929 - Thomas Edison ceases phonograph cylinder manufacture, ending the disc and cylinder rivalry.
  • 1934 - American commentator Walter Winchell coins the term "disc jockey" (the combination of "disc", referring to the disc records, and "jockey", which is an operator of a machine) as a description of radio announcer Martin Block, the first announcer to become a star in his own right. While his audience was awaiting developments in the Lindbergh kidnapping, Block played records and created the illusion that he was broadcasting from a ballroom, with the nation’s top dance bands performing live. The show, which he called Make Believe Ballroom, was an instant hit.
  • 1940s - Musique concrète composers utilize portions of sound recordings to create new compositions. This is the first occurrence of sampling.
  • 1943 - Jimmy Savile launches the world's first DJ dance party by playing jazz records in the upstairs function room of the Loyal Order of Ancient Shepherd's in Otley, England. In 1947, he paid a local metalworker to weld two domestic record decks together and became the first DJ to use twin turntables for continuous play.
  • 1947 - The "Whiskey-A-Go-Go" nightclub opens in Paris, France, considered to be the world's first discothèque, or disco (deriving its name from the French word, meaning a nightclub where the featured entertainment is recorded music rather than an on-stage band). Discos began appearing across Europe and the United States.
  • late 1940s to early 1950s - The introduction of television erodes the popularity of radio's early format, causing it to take on the general form it has today, with a strong focus on music, news and sports.
  • 1950s - American radio DJs would appear live at "sock hops" and "platter parties" and assume the role of a human jukebox. They would usually play 45-rpm records featuring hit singles on one turntable, while talking between songs. In some cases, a live drummer was hired to play beats between songs to maintain the dance floor.
  • 1955 - Bob Casey, a well-known sock hop DJ, introduces the first two-turntable system for the purpose of alternating back and forth between records, creating continuous playback.
  • late 1950s - Jamaican sound systems, a new form of public entertainment, are developed in the ghettos of Kingston, Jamaica. Promoters, who called themselves DJs, would throw large parties in the streets that centered on the disc jockey, called the "selector". These parties quickly became profitable for the promoters, who would sell admission, food and alcohol, leading to fierce competition between DJs for the biggest sound systems and newest records.
  • mid-1960s - Nightclubs and discotheques continue to grow in Europe and the United States. However, by 1968, the number of dance clubs started to decline.
  • 1969 - American club DJ Francis Grasso popularizes beatmatching at New York's Sanctuary nightclub. Beatmatching is the technique of creating seamless transitions between back-to-back records with matching beats, or tempos. Grasso also perfected slip-cueing, the technique of holding a record still while the turntable is revolving underneath, releasing it at the desired moment to create a sudden transition from the previous record.
  • late 1960s - Most American discos either closed or were transformed into clubs featuring live bands. Neighborhood block parties that are modeled after Jamaican sound systems gain popularity in Europe and in the boroughs of New York City.
  • early 1970s - The Vietnam War, oil crisis, and economic recession has a negative impact on dance clubs and disc jockeys. The total number of clubs and DJs dropped substantially, and most of the dance clubs were underground gay discos. It should also be noted that electronics company Technics released a series of direct-drive DJ turntables during this period.
  • 1973 - Jamaican-born DJ Kool Herc, widely regarded as the "godfather of hip hop culture", performs at block parties in his Bronx neighborhood and develops a technique of mixing back and forth between two identical records to extend the rhythmic instrumental segment, or break. Turntablism, the art of using turntables not only to play music, but to manipulate sound and create original music, is considered to begin at this time.
  • 1974 - Technics releases the first SL-1200 turntable, which evolves into the SL-1200 MK2 in 1979, currently the industry standard for deejaying.
  • 1974 - German electronic music band Kraftwerk releases the 22-minute song "Autobahn", which takes up the entire first side of that LP. Years later, Kraftwerk would become a significant influence on hip hop artists such as Afrika Bambaataa and house music pioneer Frankie Knuckles.
  • mid 1970s - Hip hop music and culture begins to emerge, originating among urban African Americans and Latinos in New York City. The four main elements of hip hop culture are MCing (rapping), DJing, graffiti, and breakdancing.
  • 1975 - Disco music takes off in the mainstream pop charts in the United States and Europe, causing discotheques to experience a rebirth.
  • 1975 - Record pools begin, enabling disc jockeys access to newer music from the industry in an efficient method.
  • 1976 - American DJ, editor, and producer Walter Gibbons remixes "Ten Percent" by Double Exposure, one of the earliest commercially released 12" singles (aka "maxi-single").
  • 1977 - Hip hop DJ Grand Wizard Theodore invents the scratching technique by accident.
  • 1977 - New York's Studio 54 nightclub grosses $7 million in its first year of business (which is roughly $21 million in today's dollars after adjusting for inflation). In the same year, the motion picture Saturday Night Fever popularizes discotheques and becomes one of the top-10 grossing films in history (at the time).
  • 1979 - The Sugar Hill Gang release "Rapper's Delight", the first hip hop record to become a hit. It was also the first real breakthrough for sampling, as the bassline of CHIC's"Good Times" laid the foundation for the song.
  • 1979 - An anti-disco protest in Chicago's Comiskey Park marks the major backlash against disco amongst rock music fans. This is considered by some to be the year that disco "died", although the music remained popular for several more years, particularly in underground clubs and in Europe, where the subgenres Euro Disco and Italo Disco emerged.
  • 1981 - Cable television network MTV is launched, originally devoted to music videos, especially popular rock music. The term "video jockey", or VJ, was used to describe the fresh faced youth who introduced the music videos.
  • 1982 - The demise of disco in the mainstream by the summer of 1982 forces many nightclubs to either close or to change entertainment styles, such as by providing MTV style video dancing or live bands.
  • 1982 - "Planet Rock" by DJ Afrika Bambaataa is the first hip-hop song to feature synthesizers. The song melded electronic hip hop beats with the melody from Kraftwerk's "Trans-Europe Express".
  • 1982 - The compact disc reached the public market in Asia and early the following year in other markets. This event is often seen as the "Big Bang" of the digital audio revolution.
  • 1983 - House music emerges. The name was derived from the Warehouse club in Chicago, where the resident DJ, Frankie Knuckles, mixed old disco classics and Eurosynth pop. House music is essentially disco music with electronic beats. The common element of most house music is a 4/4 beat generated by a drum machine or other electronic means (such as a sampler), together with a solid (usually also electronically generated) bassline.
  • 1983 - Jesse Saunders releases the first house music track, "On & On".
  • mid-1980s - New York Garage emerges at DJ Larry Levan's Paradise Garage nightclub in New York. The style was a result of the club DJs who would unsuccessfully try to duplicate the Chicago house sound, for example, leaving out the accentuated high-hats.
  • mid-1980s - Techno music emerges from the Detroit club scene. Being geographically located between Chicago and New York, Detroit techno combined elements of Chicago house and New York garage along with European imports. Techno distanced itself from disco's roots by becoming almost purely electronic with synthesized beats.
  • 1985 - The Winter Music Conference starts in Fort Lauderdale Florida and becomes the premier electronic music conference for dance music disc jockeys.
  • 1986 - "Walk This Way", a rap-rock collaboration by Run DMC and Aerosmith, becomes the first hip-hop song to reach the Top 10 on the Billboard Hot 100. This song is the first exposure of hip hop music, as well as the concept of the disc jockey as band member and artist, to many mainstream audiences.
  • 1988 - The acid house scene emerges in the UK. Originally called "acid parties" for a select few, the events grew in size and popularity, eventually spreading throughout England, Europe, the United States, and the rest of the world.
  • early 1990s - The rave scene grows out of the acid-house scene. Many elements of the rave scene, such as baggy pants and break dancing, appear to be inherited from the Northern Soul scene of the UK approximately 15 years earlier. The notion of "trainspotting," for example, derives from Northern Soul's emphasis on researching and collecting rare & obscure records; while preventing other DJs from stealing titles via "white labels". The rave scene forever changed dance music, the image of DJs, and the nature of promoting. The innovative marketing surrounding the rave scene created the first superstar DJs.
  • early 1990s - The compact disc surpasses the gramophone record in popularity, but gramophone records continue to be made (although in very limited quantities) into the 21st century, particularly for club DJs and for local acts recording on small regional labels.
  • mid-1990s - Trance music emerges because of producers who wanted to transform repetitive, instrumental rave music into commercially accessible pop songs with vocals. Trance was central to the success of commercial dance music and superstar DJs such as Paul Oakenfold.
  • 1992 - MPEG which stands for the Moving Picture Experts Group, releases The MPEG-1 standard, designed to produce reasonable sound at low bit rates. MPEG-1 Layer-3 popularly known as MP3 (a Lossy format) will revolutionize the digital music domain.
  • 1992 - Promo Only, a popular music service for disc jockeys is launched.
  • 1993 - The first Internet "radio station", Internet Talk Radio, was developed by Carl Malamud. Because the radio signal is relayed over the Internet, it is possible to access internet radio stations from anywhere in the world. This makes it a popular service for both amateur and professional disc jockeys operating from a personal computer.
  • 1995 - The first full-time, Internet-only radio station, Radio HK, begins broadcasting the music of independent bands.
  • late 1990s - Nu metal bands such as KoЯn, Limp Bizkit, and Linkin Park reach the height of popularity. This new subgenre of alternative rock bears some influence from hip-hop, because rhythmic innovation and syncopation are primary, often featuring DJs as band members.
  • late 1990s - Various DJ and VJ software programs are developed, allowing personal computer users to deejay or veejay using his or her personal music or video files.
  • 1998 - The first MP3 digital audio player is released, the Eiger Labs MPMan F10.
  • 1999 - Shawn Fanning releases Napster, the first of the massively popular peer-to-peer file sharing systems.
  • 1999 - late 1999 - AVLA (Audio Video Licensing Agency) of Canada announces MP3 DJing license. Administered by the Canadian Recording Industry Association. DJs can now apply for a license giving them the right to burn their own compilation CDs of "useable tracks," instead of having to cart their whole CD collections around to their gigs.
  • 2001 - Apple Computer's iPod is introduced and quickly becomes the highest selling brand of portable digital mp3 audio player. The convenience and popularity of the iPod spawns a new type of DJ, the self-penned "MP3J". First appearing in certain East London clubs, and spreading to other music scenes, including New York City, this new DJ scene allows the average music fan to bring two iPods to an "iPod Night", plug in to the mixer, and program a play list without the skill and equipment demanded by a more traditional DJ setup.
  • 2001 - late 2001 - Atlanta, Georgia, The fist Computerized Performance System Disc Jockey gathering was scheduled and organized during the small DJ3 convention. CPS mixing culture begins to emerge and organize.
  • 2005 - Computerized Performance System Disc Jockey Summit is launched. Hosted by Professor Jam and originally developed as a social gathering in 2001, it was the first dedicated computer disc jockey industry event.

1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Edouard-Leon Scott de Martinville (1817–April 26, 1879) is best known for inventing the phonautograph, the earliest known sound recording device (which, unlike Edisons similar and later invention, was unable to play back the recordings it made). ... Edison cylinder phonograph from about 1899 The phonograph, or gramophone, was the most common device for playing recorded sound from the 1870s through the 1980s. ... 1877 (MDCCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 - October 18, 1931) was an inventor and businessman who developed many important devices. ... The earliest method of recording and reproducing sound was on phonograph cylinders. ... 1887 (MDCCCLXXXVII) is a common year starting on Saturday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. ... Emile Berliner with disc record gramophone. ... Edison cylinder phonograph from about 1899 The phonograph, or gramophone, was the most common device for playing recorded sound from the 1870s through the 1980s. ... The term lateral can refer to: an anatomical definition of direction. ... 33â…“ LP vinyl record album from the 1960s A gramophone record (also phonograph record, or simply record) is an analogue sound recording medium consisting of a flat disc with an inscribed modulated spiral groove. ... 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... For other uses, see Jukebox (disambiguation) A jukebox is a partially automated music-playing device, usually a coin-operated machine, that can play specially selected songs from self-contained media. ... 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The 1890s were sometimes referred to as the Mauve Decade, because William Henry Perkins aniline dye allowed the widespread use of that colour in fashion, and also as the Gay Nineties, under the then-current usage of the word gay which referred simply to merriment and frivolity, with no... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Social issues of the 1920s. ... 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Reginald Aubrey Fessenden (October 6, 1866 - July 22, 1932) was a Canadian inventor born in East Bolton, Quebec, the son of a Protestant minister. ... individually-donated time and energy direct government payments or operation indirect government payments, such as radio and television licenses grants from foundations or business entities selling advertising or sponsorship public subscription or membership fees charged to all owners of TV sets or radios, regardless of whether they intend to receive... Ocean Bluff and Brant Rock are villages located in the town of Marshfield in Plymouth County, Massachusetts. ... Official language(s) English Capital Boston Largest city Boston Area  Ranked 44th  - Total 10,555 sq mi (27,360 km²)  - Width 183 miles (295 km)  - Length 113 miles (182 km)  - % water 13. ... // Events and trends The 1910s represent the culmination of European militarism which had its beginings during the second half of the 19th Century. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Social issues of the 1920s. ... 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Christopher Stone became the first disc jockey in the United Kingdom, on July 7, 1927, when he first started playing records on the BBC. Categories: Stub | 1927 births ... The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC, sometimes also known as the Beeb or Auntie) is the largest broadcasting corporation in the world, founded in 1922. ... 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Walter Winchell (April 7, 1897 – February 20, 1972), an American newspaper and radio commentator, invented the gossip column at the New York Evening Graphic. ... Martin Block (1901-1967) was the first radio disc jockey to become a star in his own right. ... Lindbergh baby kidnapping poster. ... // Events and trends World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human suffering, fierce indoctrination, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons such as the atomic bomb. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Tape music. ... In music, sampling is the act of taking a portion of one sound recording, the sample, and reusing it as an instrument or element of a new recording. ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... Sir Jimmy Savile OBE Sir James Wilson Vincent Savile OBE (born 31 October 1926), commonly called Jimmy Savile, is a British DJ, actor and television personality. ... Jazz is an original American musical art form originating around the start of the 20th century in New Orleans, rooted in Western music technique and theory, and is marked by the profound cultural contributions of African Americans. ... Otley on a market day, looking up Kirkgate with The Chevin in the background Otley is a town in the county of West Yorkshire, England, by the River Wharfe. ... Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location (dark green) within the United Kingdom (light green), with the Republic of Ireland (blue) to its west Languages English Capital London Largest city London Area – Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population –mid-2004... 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ... The Eiffel Tower has become the symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... A discothèque is an entertainment venue or club with recorded music, played by Discaires (Disk jockeys), rather than an on-stage band. ... // Events and trends World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human suffering, fierce indoctrination, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons such as the atomic bomb. ... The 1950s were the decade that spanned the years 1950 through 1959, although some sources say from 1951 through 1960. ... The 1950s were the decade that spanned the years 1950 through 1959, although some sources say from 1951 through 1960. ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The 1950s were the decade that spanned the years 1950 through 1959, although some sources say from 1951 through 1960. ... In Jamaica, a Sound System is a popular type of nomadic outdoor concert/party. ... A ghetto is an area where people from a specific racial or ethnic background or united in a given culture or religion live as a group, voluntarily or involuntarily, in milder or stricter seclusion. ... The location of Kingston Kingston (population 652,000) is the capital of Jamaica. ... The outrageously crowded Woodstock festival epitomized the popular antiwar movement of the 60s. ... 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1968 calendar). ... 1969 (MCMLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ... Francis Grasso was an American disc jockey from New York City, best known for inventing the technique of slip-cueing and later beatmatching which is the foundation of the modern club djs technique. ... Beatmatching is a technique employed by DJs to transition between two songs while performing either live at a club or event, for radio broadcast or for distribution on prerecorded mix tapes/cds, achieved by changing the tempo of a new track to match that of the currently playing track, then... Official language(s) None, English de facto Capital Albany Largest city New York City Area  Ranked 27th  - Total 54,520 sq mi (141,205 km²)  - Width 285 miles (455 km)  - Length 330 miles (530 km)  - % water 13. ... Slip-cueing is a DJ technique originated by Francis Grasso that consists of holding a record still with his thumb and forefinger while a protective slipmat and the steel platter of the turntable revolved underneath. ... The outrageously crowded Woodstock festival epitomized the popular antiwar movement of the 60s. ... A borough is an administrative division used in the Canadian province of Quebec, in some states of the United States, and formerly in New Zealand. ... Flag Seal Nickname: The Big Apple, The Capital of the World[1], Gotham [2], Metropolis Location Location in the state of New York Government Counties (Boroughs) Bronx (The Bronx) New York (Manhattan) Queens (Queens) Kings (Brooklyn) Richmond (Staten Island) Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Geographical characteristics Area     City 1,214. ... The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ... Combatants Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) United States of America South Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand the Philippines Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) National Liberation Front (Viet Cong) Strength ~1,200,000 (1968) ~420,000 (1968) Casualties South Vietnamese dead: 230,000 South Vietnamese wounded: 300,000 US dead... In modern society, gay is a word which can be used as either a noun or adjective. ... Technics is a brand name of Japan-based Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. ... 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year