DNA-binding proteins are a broad class of protein molecules that possess certain structural motifs (i.e. helices) which enable them to stably bind both double- or single-stranded DNA. Examples of such proteins would be those whose primary function is to regulate the expression of specific genes (termed transcription factors), those proteins involved in the packaging of DNA within the nucleus (histones), nucleic acid dependent-polymerases involved in DNA replication and the transcription of mRNA, or any of many accessory proteins which are involved in these processes.
Typically, proteins are stored freeze-dried (lyophilized), frozen in appropriate buffers, or refrigerated at 4°C. For short-term storage of proteins (hours to days), a standard laboratory refrigerator at 4°C is satisfactory providing the buffer used to solvate the protein provides all the necessary components necessary to stabilize the protein of interest.
Proteins can be stored long term (days to weeks) by quick-freezing the sample followed by storage at -20°C. Addition of stabilizers such as glycerol helps prevent damage to the protein during freezing and thawing.
After the protein solution is frozen, it is attached to a lyophilizer where the frozen solution sublimes leaving the protein behind, usually as a fluffy white powder.
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