Digital printout of an agarose gel electrophoresis of cat-insert plasmid DNA

DNA electrophoresis is an analytical technique used to separate DNA fragments by size. An electric field forces the fragments to migrate through a gel. DNA molecules normally migrate from negative to positive potential due to the net negative charge of the phosphate backbone of the DNA chain. At the scale of the length of DNA molecules, the gel looks much like a random, intricate network. Longer molecules migrate more slowly because they are more easily 'trapped' in the network. Digital Printout of an agarose gel electrophoresis performed on plasmid DNA. Taken by me on 11/4/04. ... Digital Printout of an agarose gel electrophoresis performed on plasmid DNA. Taken by me on 11/4/04. ... The general structure of a section of DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions for the biological development of a cellular form of life or a virus. ... It has been suggested that optical field be merged into this article or section. ... A gel (from the lat. ... Above is a ball-and-stick model of the inorganic hydrogenphosphate anion (HPO42−). Colour coding: P (orange); O (red); H (white). ...

After the separation is completed, the fractions of DNA fragments of different length are often visualized using a fluorescent dye specific for DNA, such as ethidium bromide. The gel shows bands corresponding to different DNA molecules populations with different molecular weight. Fragment size is usually reported in "nucleotides", "base pairs" or "kb" (for "1000's of base pairs) depending upon whether single- or double-stranded DNA has been separated. Fragment size determination is typically done by comparison to commercially available DNA ladders containing linear DNA fragments of known length. A fluorophore is a component of a molecule which causes a molecule to be fluorescent. ... Ethidium bromide (EtBr) is an intercalating agent commonly used as a nucleic acid stain in molecular biology laboratories for techniques such as agarose gel electrophoresis. ...

The types of gel most commonly used for DNA electrophoresis are agarose (for relatively long DNA molecules) and polyacrylamide (for high resolution of short DNA molecules, for example in DNA sequencing). Gels have conventionally been run in a "slab" format such as that shown in the figure, but capillary electrophoresis has become important for applications such as high-throughput DNA sequencing. Electrophoresis techniques used in the assessment of DNA damage include alkaline gel electrophoresis and pulsed field gel electrophoresis. The measurement and analysis are mostly done with a specialized gel analysis software. Digital printout of an agarose gel electrophoresis of cat-insert plasmid DNA Agarose gel electrophoresis is a method used in molecular biology to separate DNA strands by size, and to determine the size of the separated strands by comparison to strands of known length. ... SDS-PAGE autoradiography DNA agarose gel Gel electrophoresis is a group of techniques used by scientists to separate molecules based on physical characteristics such as size, shape, or isoelectric point. ... DNA sequencing is the process of determining the nucleotide order of a given DNA fragment, called the DNA sequence. ... Capillary electrophoresis (CE) can be used to separate ionic species by their charge and frictional forces. ... DNA damage resulting in multiple broken chromosomes DNA repair is a process constantly operating in each cell of a living being; it is essential to survival because it protects the genome from damage. ... Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (commonly abbreviated as PFGE) is a labor-intensive method for genetic fingerprinting. ...