A DNA machine is a molecular machine constructed from DNA. Research into DNA machines was pioneered in the late 1980s by Nadrian Seeman and co-workers from New York University. DNA is used because of the numerous biological tools already found in nature that can affect DNA, and the immense knowledge of how DNA works previously researched by biochemists.-1... The structure of part of a DNA double helix Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is a nucleic acid molecule that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. ... New York University (NYU) is a private, nonsectarian, coeducational research university in New York City. ... Wöhler observes the synthesis of urea. ...

DNA machines can be logically designed since DNA assembly of the double helix is based on strict rules of base pairing that allow portions of the strand to be predictably connected based on their sequence. The 'selective stickiness' is a key advantage in the construction DNA machines.

An example of a DNA machine was reported by Andrew Turberfield and co-workers at Lucent Technologies in the year 2000, who constructed molecular tweezers out of DNA.^[1] The DNA tweezers contains three strands: A, B and C. Strand A latches onto half of strand B and half of strand C, and so it joins them all together. Strand A acts as a hinge so that the two 'arms' — AB and AC — can move. The structure floats with its arms open wide. They can be pulled shut by adding a fourth strand of DNA (D) 'programmed' to stick to both of the dangling, unpaired sections of strands B and C. The closing of the tweezers was proven by tagging strand A at either end with light-emitting molecules that do not emit light when they are close together. To re-open the tweezers add a further strand (E) with the right sequence to pair up with strand D. Once paired up, they have no connection to the machine BAC, so float away. The DNA machine can be opened and closed repeatedly by cycling between strands D and E. These tweezers can be used for removing drugs from inside fullerenes as well as from a self assembled DNA tetrahedron. The state of the device can be determined by measuring the separation between donor and acceptor fluorophores using FRET. On September 30, 1996, AT&T spun off its Systems and Technology units (AT&T Technologies, Inc. ... Trinitrofluorene bound in molecular tweezers reported by Lehn and coworkers. ... Buckminsterfullerene (C60) Fullerenes are molecules composed entirely of carbon, taking the form of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid, or tube. ... For the academic journal, see Tetrahedron (journal). ... The neck of a guitar showing the first four frets. ...

References

^ Yurke, B., Turberfield, A.J., Mills, A.P., Simmel, F.C. & Neumann, J.L. A DNA-fuelled molecular machine made of DNA. Nature 406, 605 - 609 2000.

See also

• DNA nanotechnology