Direct recording voting machine developed in Brazil and used in 100% of Brazilian elections Election Technology This box: view • talk • edit A direct-recording electronic (DRE) voting machine records votes by means of a ballot display provided with mechanical or electro-optical components that can be activated by the voter (typically buttons or a touchscreen); that processes data by means of a computer program; and that records voting data and ballot images in memory components. After the election it produces a tabulation of the voting data stored in a removable memory component and as printed copy. The system may also provide a means for transmitting individual ballots or vote totals to a central location for consolidating and reporting results from precincts at the central location. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1999x1311, 295 KB) Urna eletrônica que é usada nas eleições brasileiras. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1999x1311, 295 KB) Urna eletrônica que é usada nas eleições brasileiras. ...
// Certification of voting machines blackboxvoting. ...
An Independent Testing Authority (ITA) is a laboratory certified by the United States-based National Association of State Election Directors (NASED) to test voting systems to the Voting System Standards (VSS) or the Voluntary Voting System Guidelines (VVSG) in the process of certifying voting systems. ...
National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) is a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) program which provides an unbiased third-party test and evaluation program to accredit laboratories in their respective fields to the ISO 17025 standard. ...
The Voluntary Voting System Guidelines (VVSG) are guidelines adopted by the United States Election Assistance Commission (EAC) for the certification of voting systems. ...
Election Technology This box: End-to-end auditable (E2E) systems are a form of Independent Verification. ...
The Help America Vote Act was enacted on October 29, 2002. ...
Election Technology This box: Independent verification (IV) systems or Independent Dual Verification (IDV) are voting machines that produce multiple (at lease two) independent auditable records of votes where the second record is used to check the first. ...
Election Technology This box: Secure Electronic Registration and Voting Experiment (SERVE) was an experiment by the Pentagon to allow military personnel to vote in elections in the United States via the Internet. ...
Election Technology This box: The term software independence (SI) was coined by Dr. Ron Rivest, and NIST researcher John Wack. ...
A voting machine is a device to record and register votes to be counted as per any voting system, with or without printing a ballot for the voter to verify. ...
A voting machine is a device to record and register votes to be counted as per any voting system, with or without printing a ballot for the voter to verify. ...
In software engineering, an acceptance test is the process of the user testing the system and, based on the results, either granting or refusing acceptance of the software/system being tested. ...
Election Technology This box: Various governments require a certification of voting machines. ...
Software verification is a broad and complex discipline of software engineering whose goal is to assure that a software fully satisfies all the expected requirements. ...
Usability testing is a means for measuring how well people can use some human-made object (such as a web page, a computer interface, a document, or a device) for its intended purpose, i. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Postal voting. ...
Electronic voting machine by Diebold Election Systems used in all Brazilian elections and plebiscites. ...
Election Technology This box: An optical scan or OpScan voting system is an electronic voting system and uses an optical scanner to read paper ballots. ...
In U.S. elections, when someone shows up at a polling place to cast a vote, but is not on the list of people who may vote there (is not registered in that precinct, or his registation is otherwise invalid or inaccurate), he may be allowed to cast a provisional...
A voting machine is a device to record and register votes to be counted as per any voting system, with or without printing a ballot for the voter to verify. ...
Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) or Verified Paper Record (VPR) is an independent verification system for voting machines designed to assure voters that their vote was cast correctly, detect possible fraud or malfunction, and to provide a means to audit the original machine. ...
There exist various methods through which the ballots cast at an election may be counted, prior to applying a voting system to obtain one or more winners. ...
Diebold Elections Systems is a subsidiary of Diebold that makes and sells voting machines. ...
Sequoia Voting Systems is a company based in California, and one of the largest providers of electronic voting systems in the US. Some of its main competitors are Diebold Election Systems and Election Systems & Software. ...
Election Systems & Software (ES&S) is an American company that provides voting services. ...
A voting machine is a device to record and register votes to be counted as per any voting system, with or without printing a ballot for the voter to verify. ...
For the town in France, see Ballots, Mayenne. ...
It has been suggested that Touch panel be merged into this article or section. ...
The terms storage (U.K.) or memory (U.S.) refer to the parts of a digital computer that retain physical state (data) for some interval of time, possibly even after electrical power to the computer is turned off. ...
In 2004, 28.9% of the registered voters in the United States used some type of direct recording electronic voting system, up from 7.7% in 1996. Electronic voting machine by Diebold Election Systems used in all Brazilian elections and plebiscites. ...
Security and Concerns
Critics of DRE Machines claim that there is an increased risk of electoral fraud and if the security of the DRE software is compromised, election results could be tampered with in an undetectable fashion. Other critics charge that foreign hardware could be inserted into the machine, using a man in the middle attack technique, and call for DRE machines to be physically sealed.[1] These claims are countered by the position that review and testing procedures can detect fraudulent code or hardware, if such things are present, and that a thorough, verifiable chain of custody would prevent the insertion of such hardware or software. Concerns like these have prompted the use of Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail. However these measures are often not or not properly taken.[2] Another method to detect fraudulent voting machines are parallel test elections which are conducted on the election day with randomly picked machines. (The ACM published a study showing that, to change the outcome of the 2000 U.S. Presidential election, only 2 votes in each precinct would have needed to been changed.[3]) Electoral fraud is illegal interference with the process of an election. ...
Computer software (or simply software) refers to one or more computer programs and data held in the storage of a computer for some purpose. ...
Hardware is the general term that is used to describe physical artifacts of a technology. ...
In cryptography, a man in the middle attack (MITM) is an attack in which an attacker is able to read, insert and modify at will, messages between two parties without either party knowing that the link between them has been compromised. ...
The chain of custody is a concept in jurisprudence which applies to the handling of evidence and its integrity. ...
Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) or Verified Paper Record (VPR) is an independent verification system for voting machines designed to assure voters that their vote was cast correctly, detect possible fraud or malfunction, and to provide a means to audit the original machine. ...
The Association for Computing Machinery, or ACM, was founded in 1947 as the worlds first scientific and educational computing society. ...
A workgroup of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) stated in a discussion draft, "Simply put, the DRE architecture’s inability to provide for independent audits of its electronic records makes it a poor choice for an environment in which detecting errors and fraud is important."[4] The report does not represent the official position of NIST, and misinterpretations of the report has lead NIST to explain that "Some statements in the report have been misinterpreted. The draft report includes statements from election officials, voting system vendors, computer scientists and other experts in the field about what is potentially possible in terms of attacks on DREs. However, these statements are not report conclusions."[5] NIST logo The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, formerly known as The National Bureau of Standards) is a non-regulatory agency of the United States Department of Commerce’s Technology Administration. ...
Demonstrated Laboratory Attacks - See also: 2004 U.S. presidential election controversy and irregularities
Diebold Elections Systems is a subsidiary of Diebold that makes and sells voting machines. ...
For other Princetons, see Princeton. ...
Nedap (N.V. Nederlandsche Apparatenfabriek) is a dutch company buidling voting machine among other electronic solutions. ...
Elections Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box: The secret ballot is a voting method in which a voters choices are confidential. ...
Van Eck phreaking is the process of eavesdropping on the contents of a CRT display by detecting its electromagnetic emissions. ...
Algemene Inlichtingen- en Veiligheidsdienst (AIVD), formerly known as the BVD (Binnenlandse Veiligheidsdienst) is the General Intelligence and Security Office of the Netherlands. ...
Concerns were raised, following the 2004 election, on various aspects of the voting process: whether voting had been made accessible to everyone entitled to vote, whether the votes cast had been correctly counted, and whether these irregularities decisively affected the reported outcome of the election. ...
Auditing and VVAT A fundamental challenge with any voting machine is assuring the votes were recorded as cast and tabulated as recorded. Because there is no tangible ballot and the voter cannot check the computers memory by themselves, Non-document ballot voting system can have a greater burden of proof, and are even referred to as Black Box Voting machines by critics. This is often solved with an independent audit-able system that can also be used in recounts. These systems can include the ability for voters to verify how their votes were cast, or further to verify how their votes were tabulated. A voting machine is a device to record and register votes to be counted as per any voting system, with or without printing a ballot for the voter to verify. ...
A voting machine is a device to record and register votes to be counted as per any voting system, with or without printing a ballot for the voter to verify. ...
Black Box Voting is voting on electronic machines which dont print paper ballots. ...
Systems that allows the voter to prove how they voted have not been used in U.S. public elections, and are prohibited by most state constitutions. Voter intimidation and vote selling are the chief concerns that have led to prohibition of receipts. Electoral fraud is the deliberate interference with the process of an election. ...
Elections Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box: Electoral fraud is illegal interference with the process of an election. ...
 This is a Diebold Election Systems, Inc. model AccuVote-TSx DRE voting machine with VVPAT attachment. Various technologies can be used to assure voters that their vote was cast correctly, detect possible fraud or malfunction, and to provide a means to audit the original machine. Some systems include technologies such as cryptography (visual or mathematical), paper (kept by the voter or only verified), audio verification, and dual recording systems (other than with paper). Image File history File links Desi_accuvote-tsx_vvpat. ...
Image File history File links Desi_accuvote-tsx_vvpat. ...
Dr. Rebecca Mercuri, the creator of the voter verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) concept (as described in her Ph.D. dissertation in October 2000 on the basic voter verifiable ballot system), proposes to answer the audit-ability question by having the voting machine print a paper ballot or other paper facsimile that can be visually verified by the voter before being entered into a secure location. Subsequently, this is sometimes referred to as the "Mercuri method"). Rebecca Mercuri is among the foremost experts on electronic voting. ...
Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) or Verified Paper Record (VPR) is an independent verification system for voting machines designed to assure voters that their vote was cast correctly, detect possible fraud or malfunction, and to provide a means to audit the original machine. ...
The Mercuri method refers to the process of displaying a Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail under glass or clear plastic so that the voter may not walk out of the polling place with it. ...
An audit system can be used in measured random recounts to detect possible malfunction or fraud. With the VVPAT method, the paper ballot is often treated as the official ballot of record. In this scenario, the ballot is primary and the electronic records are used only for an initial count. In any subsequent recounts or challenges the paper not electronic ballot would be used for tabulation. Whenever a paper record serves as the legal ballot, that system will be subject the same benefits and concerns of any paper ballot system.
To successfully audit any voting machine a strict chain of custody is required. The chain of custody is a concept in jurisprudence which applies to the handling of evidence and its integrity. ...
- See also: Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail
Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) or Verified Paper Record (VPR) is an independent verification system for voting machines designed to assure voters that their vote was cast correctly, detect possible fraud or malfunction, and to provide a means to audit the original machine. ...
Public Source Code Security experts, such as Bruce Schneier, have demanded that voting machine source code should be publicly available for inspection.[10] Others have also suggested publishing voting machine software under an free software license like it is done in Australia.[11] Publicly reviewable source code would not in itself be enough to determine if the code running on the machine differs from the original inspected code. The operating system, BIOS, firmware and other hardware can also be used to hide malicious code and need to be inspected. In Australia the software used is open source, but the other sources of error have caused the government to insist on a voter verifiable paper ballot. Bruce Schneier Bruce Schneier (born January 15, 1963) is an American cryptographer, computer security specialist, and writer. ...
Source code (commonly just source or code) is any series of statements written in some human-readable computer programming language. ...
Free software is software which grants recipients the freedom to modify and redistribute the software. ...
Source code (commonly just source or code) is any series of statements written in some human-readable computer programming language. ...
An operating system (OS) is a set of computer programs that manage the hardware and software resources of a computer. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
In computing, firmware is software that is embedded in a hardware device. ...
A microchip is, properly, an integrated circuit (IC). ...
Benefits of DRE voting machines
 A Hart eSlate DRE voting machine with jelly buttons for people with manual dexterity disabilities. Like all voting machines DRE systems increase the speed of vote counting. They can also incorporate the most broad assistive technologies for the largest classes of handicapped people, allowing them to vote without forfeiting the anonymity of their vote. These machines can use headphones and other adaptive technology to provide the necessary accessibility. DRE's can also provide the most robust form of immediate feedback to the voter detecting such possible problems as undervoting and overvoting which may result in a spoiled ballot. This immediate feedback can be helpful in successfully determining voter intent. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Adaptive technology is the name for products which help people who cannot use regular versions of products, primarily people with physical disabilities such as blindness, deafness and inability to walk or use arms. ...
Accessibility is a general term used to describe the degree to which a system is usable by as many people as possible. ...
A spoiled ballot is a ballot which uncountable for the election in question using the applicable vote counting system. ...
Additionally, with DRE voting systems there is no risk of exhausting the supply of paper ballots, and remove the need for printing of paper ballots, a significant cost.[12] When administering elections in which ballots are offered in multiple languages (in some areas of the United States, public elections are required to by the National Voting Rights Act of 1965), DRE voting systems can be programmed to provide ballots in multiple languages on a single machine. For example, King County, Washington's demographics require them under U.S. federal election law to provide ballot access in Chinese. With any type of paper ballot, the county has to decide how many Chinese-language ballots to print, how many to make available at each polling place, etc. Any strategy that can assure that Chinese-language ballots will be available at all polling places is certain, at the very least, to result in a lot of wasted ballots. The National Voting Rights Act of 1965 ()[1] outlawed the requirement that would-be voters in the United States take literacy tests to qualify to register to vote, and it provided for federal registration of voters in areas that had less than 50% of eligible minority voters registered. ...
King County redirects here; you may be looking for King County, Texas. ...
Machine manufacturers Diebold Elections Systems is a subsidiary of Diebold that makes and sells voting machines. ...
Election Systems & Software (ES&S) is an American company that provides voting services. ...
Sequoia Voting Systems is a company based in California, and one of the largest providers of electronic voting systems in the US. Some of its main competitors are Diebold Election Systems and Election Systems & Software. ...
Nedap (N.V. Nederlandsche Apparatenfabriek) is a dutch company buidling voting machine among other electronic solutions. ...
See also A voting machine is a device to record and register votes to be counted as per any voting system, with or without printing a ballot for the voter to verify. ...
Electronic voting machine by Diebold Election Systems used in all Brazilian elections and plebiscites. ...
Election Technology This box: An optical scan or OpScan voting system is an electronic voting system and uses an optical scanner to read paper ballots. ...
References - ^ Nedap/Groenendaal ES3B voting computer a security analysis (chapter 7.1)
- ^ Jon Stokes, ars technica 2006
- ^ Di Franco, A., Petro, A., Shear, E., and Vladimirov, V. 2004. Small vote manipulations can swing elections. Commun. ACM 47, 10 (Oct. 2004), 43-45. DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1022594.1022621
- ^ Requiring Software Independence in VVSG 2007: STS Recommendations for the TGDC
- ^ R Questions and Answers on the Draft Report: "Requiring Software Independence in VVSG 2007: STS Recommendations for the TGDC"
- ^ Security Analysis of the Diebold AccuVote-TS Voting Machine
- ^ Nedap/Groenendaal ES3B voting computer, a security analysis
- ^ Dutch citizens group cracks Nedap's voting computer
- ^ Use of SDU voting computers banned during Dutch general elections (Heise.de, 31. October 2006)
- ^ The Problem with Electronic Voting Machines
- ^ The electronic voting and counting system
- ^ "http://post-journal.com/articles.asp?articleID=6218". The Post-Journal
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