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DSL provides broadband Internet access to people around the world. This is a list of this technology penetration and market situation around the world. A typical DSL Modem Digital Subscriber Line, or DSL, is a family of technologies that provide digital data transmission over the wires of a local telephone network. ...
A WildBlue Satellite Internet dish. ...
 Millions of DSL lines by countries at the end of 2005, compared to the previous year
 Worldwide major ADSL operators in number of lines, at the end of the first 2005 half Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1047x718, 26 KB) Summary Millions of DSL lines by countries at the end of 2005, compared to the previous year. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1047x718, 26 KB) Summary Millions of DSL lines by countries at the end of 2005, compared to the previous year. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1089x760, 41 KB) // Summary Worldwide major ADSL operators in number of lines, at the end of the first 2005 half. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1089x760, 41 KB) // Summary Worldwide major ADSL operators in number of lines, at the end of the first 2005 half. ...
Africa
Egypt ADSL was introduced commercially to Egypt in 2000. The service was offered in select central offices in big cities such as Cairo and Alexandria and gradually spread to cover many more Governorates of Egypt. There are numerous ISPs in Egypt offering ADSL service although only two companies own the infrastructure and the rest are resellers. In the field of telecommunications, a central office or telephone exchange houses equipment that is commonly known as simply a switch, which is a piece of equipment that connects phone calls. ...
Modern Cairo Cairo (Arabic: ‎ translit: ) is the capital city of Egypt (and previously the United Arab Republic) and has a metropolitan area population of approximately 15. ...
This article needs to be updated. ...
Egypt is divided into 26 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah): Ad Daqahliyah Al Bahr al Ahmar Al Buhayrah Al Fayyum Al Gharbiyah Al Iskandariyah Al Ismailiyah Al Jizah Al Minufiyah Al Minya Al Qahirah Al Qalyubiyah Al Wadi al Jadid Ash Sharqiyah As Suways Aswan Asyut Bani Suwayf Bur Sa...
An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a business or organization that offers users access to the Internet and related services. ...
Download/upload speeds are typically:(Monthly Cost)
- 256/64 kbit/s at a cost of L.E.150 (~US$25)
- 512/128 kbit/s at a cost of L.E.250 (~US$43)
- 1024/256 kbit/s at a cost of L.E.425 (~US$73)
- 2048/512 kbit/s at a cost of L.E.725 (~US$125)
Estimated Number of subscribers: 100,000 according to a statement by Egypt's Communication and Information Technology minister Dr. Tarek Kamel in Ahram newspaper on Sunday 5 March 2006. March 5 is the 64th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (65th in leap years). ...
2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The biggest ISPs are:
- LinkDotNet - http://www.link.net
- TEData - http://www.tedata.net
- InternetEgypt - http://www.internetegypt.com
TE Data is Egypts largest IP based data communications carrier with a national network and a regional vision. ...
Morocco Operated by Maroc Telecom. The service started as a test in November 2002 before it was launched in October 2003. The service is named Menara. It offers the following options: - Menara ADSL 256 kbit/s (around €21)
- Menara ADSL 512 kbit/s (around €37)
- Menara ADSL 1 Mbit/s (around €45.70)
- Menara ADSL 2 Mbit/s (around €55)
- Menara ADSL 4 Mbit/s (around €73.50)
The ADSL modem, the installation fees and the first three months are free.
South Africa ADSL is a relatively recent introduction into the South African telecoms scene, and is therefore more expensive than in most other countries. The first package, a 512/256 kbit/s offering, was introduced in August 2002 by national telecoms monopoly Telkom. Later, in response to growing demand for cheaper ADSL options, two more products were introduced: a mid-range 384/128 kbit/s offering, and an entry-level 192/64 kbit/s one. On 1 September 2005 Telkom released its 1 Mbit/s offering. Telkom is also the name of an Indonesian telecommunication company - see TELKOM Telkom is the monopoly wireline telecommunications provider in South Africa. ...
Products currently available through Telkom SA:
- 192/64 kbit/s for R270 (~ US$45)
- 384/128 kbit/s for R359 (~ US$60)
- 512/256 kbit/s for R477 (~ US$80)
- 1024/384 kbit/s for R680 (~ US$113)
Note: In South Africa ADSL charges consist of two parts: the ADSL line rental (as shown above), charged over and above the regular analogue phone line rental (R93 / US$15) and an ISP account. The price of an ISP account can vary greatly, ranging from R72 (~US$12) for a 1 GB hardcapped account to R2800 (US$455) for unshaped / uncapped access with a static IP address. Caps of 3 GB, 5 GB, 10 GB, 20 GB and 30 GB are also available through various ISPs.
ADSL prices in South Africa have been decreasing steadily ever since the service was introduced. More dramatic price reductions, mostly as result of consumer action through groups like Hellkom and MyADSL, saw Telkom's ADSL subscriber base climb from 50,000 to 100,000 between February and August 2005. As of January 2006 Telkom has more than 120,000 ADSL subscribers, with demand still strong. Hellkom [1] is a parody site about Telkom, South Africas telecommunications monopoly. ...
MyADSL MyADSL is an Internet forum with the primary function of providing South African Internet users with a central vantage point for information on the relatively new introduction of broadband services in the country. ...
Video-on-demand trials are currently underway on 4.5 Mbit/s lines, while draft regulations by regulator ICASA could see more dramatic price cuts in 2006, a move that will almost surely see uptake increase.
Americas
Argentina ADSL first appeared in Argentina in 1998, named Speedy by Telefónica, a Spanish company. Fibertel, a cable provider, remains the most popular, but there are several DSL services, including: - Speedy, by Telefónica
- Arnet Highway, by Telecom
- Flash, by Ciudad Internet.
In 2004, Arnet announced new plans. Controversy ensued, as in small print it mentioned that it was capped to 4 GB monthly. This plans were never put in practice until late 2005, though they were changed. There are two variants of each of their plans, one which is uncapped and the other is not. They currently offer from 640 kbit/s / 128 kbit/s to 5 Mbit/s / 256 kbit/s (the highest download rate offered in the country) for home users. The uncapped 5 Mbit/s plan costs 262 AP (Argentine Pesos), about US$87 at the current exchange. Arnet has been slowly recovering their reputation, which was tarnished amongst connoisseurs due to their 2004 announcement. See: Arnet prices
Both Speedy and Flash have a declining user base, many opting to go the way of Fibertel. Their services are often mentioned to limit P2P download activity. The best connection both ISPs offer is 1 Mbit/s /256 kbit/s. The tendency has been towards lowering costs to the public, instead of making investments to offer higher speeds. A peer-to-peer (or P2P) computer network is a network that relies on the computing power and bandwidth of the participants in the network rather than concentrating it in a relatively few servers. ...
Brazil ADSL was successful in Brazil during beta testing, and became popular in 2000, with the main ISPs being Speedy, Ajato and Velox, with typical speeds of around 256 kbit/s down and 128 kbit/s up. Speeds are now between 300 kbit/s to 1 Mbit/s, with some high end options of 2, 4 or 8 Mbit/s, but at significantly higher prices. Broadband access is split between ADSL, cablemodem, satellite and radio (publicized as 'radio internet', but it is actually a CDMA2000 1xEV-DO hardware solution), with some WiFi services appearing in 2004. Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) is a form of DSL, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a conventional modem can provide. ...
A cable modem is a special type of modem that is designed to modulate a data signal over cable television infrastructure. ...
A Wild Blue Satellite Internet dish. ...
CDMA2000 is a family of third-generation (3G) mobile telecommunications standards that use CDMA, a multiple access scheme for digital radio, to send voice, data, and signalling data (such as a dialed telephone number) between mobile phones and cell sites. ...
Evolution Data Only,Evolution Data Optimized, often abbreviated as EVDO, EV-DO, EvDO, 1xEV-DO or 1xEvDO is a wireless radio broadband data protocol being adopted by many CDMA mobile phone providers in Japan, Korea, the United States and Canada, as part of the CDMA2000 standard. ...
Wi-Fi (or Wi-fi, WiFi, Wifi, wifi), short for Wireless Fidelity, is a set of standards for wireless local area networks (WLAN) currently based on the IEEE 802. ...
Currently (first quarted 2006) there are ongoing plans for WiMax rollouts in some major cities by the end of the year by TVA, one of the leading cable internet providers. WiMAX is an acronym that stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, a certification mark for products that pass conformity and interoperability tests for the IEEE 802. ...
TVA may stand for: Tennessee Valley Authority TVA, a Canadian French language television network Televisão Abril, Brazilian subscription television operator Taxe sur la valeur ajoutée, French for value-added tax (VAT) Tallahassee Volleyball Association Texas Volleyball Association The Vermiculite Association Tidewater Volleyball Association Toronto Vegetarian Association Aichi Television...
Broadband Internet is now going through troubled times in Brazil, because of new imposed limitations in the form of data caps with very high charges for additional traffic. The price of a complete ADSL package (ISP + DSL) is currently (as of late 2004) in the region of R$ 90-120 / US$30-40 .
Canada In eastern Canada, most of the providers are sharing the same backbone. A PPPoE network is used to connect subscribers to providers. They all offer a standard ADSL link over a residential POTS line. Some are now offering a Dry DSL service also (an ADSL service without a live POTS line).
Sympatico is the main ADSL residential provider, but there are also a lot of alternative providers.
Mexico ISPs that provide ADSL: Teléfonos de México (NYSE: TMX), better known as Telmex, is a Mexican telecommunications company that provides telecommunication products and services in Mexico and in many parts of Latin America, such as Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Peru, and in North America to the United States. ...
Terra may mean: Terra (mythology), a primeval Roman goddess, also known as Tellus, the Greek equivilent being Gaia Terra is the Latin name for the planet Earth, commonly used in science fiction as the name of Earth, instead of Earth eg: Holy Terra, the name of Earth in the fictional...
United States In the United States, many different kinds of DSL services are offered by different companies: - VDSL is offered by Qwest and is currently used to deliver video services as well as 1.5 Mbit/s/256 kbit/s internet.
- ADSL is offered by a variety of providers, usually the same providers who offer voice services. The most popular variant is RADSL. Many providers, such as SBC, offer 3.0 Mbit/s/384 kbit/s service for home use for around $27, including the ISP. Many have reported that SBC's service actually connects at 6.0 Mbit/s/608 kbit/s. Others, such as Qwest, offer 1.5 Mbit/s/896 kbit/s service for around $33.
- ADSL pricing is almost universally flat-rate. However, some ISPs charge for the bandwidth used.
- In many newer locations in the US, the DSLAM is actually installed in the local interface box because many neighborhoods have a fiber uplink to the CO (no copper exists between the CO and the house).
- 256/256 kbit/s DSL is often priced as a "dial-up replacement" service. Typical cost is around $20, including ISP, making the service particularly competitive with higher-priced dial-up ISPs. In many cases, this service is not "always on" and a user must initiate a PPPoE connection to connect to the internet.
- 8/1 Mbit/s DSL for business use is available from most providers. Cost is typically around $250 per month, plus ISP fees.
- 8/1 Mbit/s DSL for home use is becoming more widely available due to competitive pressures from Cable Internet.
- Some believe that Cable Internet is more popular than DSL in the US because DSL can face implementation problems due to line length and quality. Although cable internet has its share of difficulties, cable internet providers can offer higher theoretical bandwidth on paper (albeit shared, although in many respects DSL is also "shared"). Some believe these paper claims are naturally used to undermine the position of DSL.
External links Qwest Communications International Inc. ...
Rate-adaptive DSL (RADSL) is a variation of ADSL technology. ...
SBC may refer to— St. ...
A digital subscriber line access multiplexer, (DSLAM) is a multiplexer located in the telephone company exchange that provides consumers access to DSL services over twisted pair copper cabling. ...
A cable modem is a special type of modem that is designed to modulate a data signal over cable television infrastructure. ...
- DSL Reports - Extensive site on broadband with user reports from around the USA and Canada
Asia
Australia ADSL became available in Australia in 2000. The majority of the infrastructure is owned by Telstra, whose retail branch BigPond was the only reseller until early 2002. Since then, main ISPs to resell ADSL include: Telstra Corporation (ASX: TLS, NZX: TLS, NYSE: TLS) is an Australian telecommunications company under joint public/private ownership, holding a dominant position in landline telephone services, large share of mobile phone services, domestic consumer (including dial-up access and broadband cable modem, satellite and ADSL services under the BigPond and...
In Australia, BigPond is Telstras brand name for consumer dialup and broadband ADSL, cable modem, satellite internet services and Wireless Broadband (EVDO) via the Telstra Internet national backbone. ...
Speeds available are 256 kbit/s/64 kbit/s, 512 kbit/s/128 kbit/s, 1.5 Mbit/s/256 kbit/s, and up to 8 Mbit/s/1 Mbit/s and 24 Mbit/s/1 Mbit/s on non-Telstra DSLAM equipment. 256/256 and 512/512 SDSL are available but cost a little more. Like many ISPs around the world, the majority of Australian ISPs traffic shape after a monthly quota has been exceeded by the customer. OptusNet is an Australian Internet Service Provider, providing broadband and dial-up internet services. ...
Italic text Exetel is an Australian ISP which provides ADSL, web hosting, VOIP, and other internet services. ...
iiNet Limited ASX: IIN is one of Australias major Internet Service Providers. ...
This article reads like an advertisement. ...
Netspace is one of Australias major Internet service providers. ...
Swiftbroadband, currently Australias 6th largest broadband ISP. It is also known as Swiftel, SwiftDSL, and Swift. ...
Total Peripherals Group (TPG) is a private Australian IT company. ...
Westnet is a Perth based nationwide Australian internet service provider providing ADSL, dial-up, telephony and related Internet services. ...
Telstra Corporation (ASX: TLS, NZX: TLS, NYSE: TLS) is an Australian telecommunications company under joint public/private ownership, holding a dominant position in landline telephone services, large share of mobile phone services, domestic consumer (including dial-up access and broadband cable modem, satellite and ADSL services under the BigPond and...
A digital subscriber line access multiplexer, (DSLAM) is a multiplexer located in the telephone company exchange that provides consumers access to DSL services over twisted pair copper cabling. ...
This article is in need of attention. ...
Telstra has been criticised for limiting their ADSL DSLAM speed to a maximum of 1.5 Mbit and 256 kbit/s (download and upload respectively), whereas the maximum ADSL speed possible is 8 Mbit and 1 Mbit (download and upload respectively). The reason Telstra limit their DSLAM speed is so as to not kill off its own ISDN service which charges hugely expensive premiums for 2 Mbit/s speeds. Telstra Corporation (ASX: TLS, NZX: TLS, NYSE: TLS) is an Australian telecommunications company under joint public/private ownership, holding a dominant position in landline telephone services, large share of mobile phone services, domestic consumer (including dial-up access and broadband cable modem, satellite and ADSL services under the BigPond and...
ISDN is also short for isosorbide dinitrate Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a type of circuit switched telephone network system, designed to allow digital (as opposed to analog) transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in better quality and higher speeds, than available with analog...
In 2003, Australian ISP Internode began experimenting faster speeds by installing their own DSLAM equipment into Telstra exchanges in order to provide faster speeds. In 2004, iiNet announced a large rollout of DSLAM equipment nationally - the company expected that half of its ADSL customers would be based on its own DSLAMs by the end of 2005. ISPs that have introduced their own DSLAM equipment have been able to provide speeds well over 1.5/256 (some have reached peak speeds of 23 Mbit/s), with iiNet offering ADSL2+ speeds of 12/1 Mbit/s and Internode offering speeds of 24/1 Mbit/s as of April 2005. Currently, OptusNet, TPG, Internode, iiNet, Adam Internet have ADSL2+ DSLAM equipment in several telephone exchanges. Optus is the only company to offer normal telephony services over their ADSL2+ DSLAM's via interconecting them to their existing Hybrid.Fiber.Coax Local Access Telephony exchanges. This article reads like an advertisement. ...
OptusNet is an Australian Internet Service Provider, providing broadband and dial-up internet services. ...
TPG (Total Peripherals Group) is a private Australian IT company and over the past 18 years, TPG has grown to become one of the largest Australian owned Internet Service Providers (ISP), which provides four ranges of products and services. ...
This article reads like an advertisement. ...
iiNet Limited ASX: IIN is one of Australias major Internet Service Providers. ...
A digital subscriber line access multiplexer, (DSLAM) is a multiplexer located in the telephone company exchange that provides consumers access to DSL services over twisted pair copper cabling. ...
In response to several ISPs offering faster-than-stock ADSL speeds, Telstra has reciprocated by announcing it will invest AUD $210 million in upgrading all ADSL exchanges to support ADSL2+ by mid 2006. However, since then Telstra has announced that they are not going to upgrade their DSLAMS and rather build a new national Fibre Optic network.
External links
- Whirlpool - Australian ADSL news, information, and forums
Hong Kong ADSL providers include: - PCCW Netvigator, with a 95% coverage area and providing internet access to 1.9 million users. ADSL connections at 3 Mbit/s and 6-8 Mbit/s are priced differently.
- HGC
- NWT
PCCW Limited (PCCW, 電訊盈科) (NYSE: PCW) is the largest telecommunication enterprise in Hong Kong. ...
Netvigator (網上行) is an internet service provider brand of PCCW in Hong Kong External Link Netvigator homepage PCCW homepage This article is a stub. ...
Hutchison Global Communications Limited Hercules Graphics Card This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
India Although broadband law of 2004, changed the definition for broadband to 256 kbit/s always on, most ISPs found that they can provide broadband with a capping of data that can be downloaded. ADSL providers include: To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
MTNL/BSNL MTNL(Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited) BSNL(Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited) Both MTNL & BSNL are public sector telecom giants in India. ...
Indonesia There are several ADSL providers but the most well-known is TelkomNet, a division of TELKOM, because it is domestic. All other providers have to rent networks. With ADSL the maximum speed is 512 kbit/s and monthly maximum data transfer is 2 GB (unlimited data transfer is very expensive - around $450/month for 512 kbit/s, therefore impractical for personal use). Telkom is also the name of an Indonesian telecommunication company - see TELKOM Telkom is the monopoly wireline telecommunications provider in South Africa. ...
In September 2000, the MIC (communications ministry) forced Nippon Telegraph and Telephone, the incumbent operator, to unbundle its copper local loop. The price was fixed considering the line cost were covered by vocal telephony, alternative operators should only support incremental costs bond to newly offered functions. For the fiscal year 2004, partial unbundling rates were 120 ¥ per month and 1,300 ¥ per month for total unbundling. Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (総務省 Soumu-sho) is one of ministries in the Cabinet of Japan. ...
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (日本電信電話 Nippon Denshin Denwa) is a telephone company that dominates the telecommunication market in Japan. ...
Local loop unbundling (LLU) is the process of allowing telecommunications operators to use the twisted-pair telephone connections from the telephone exchanges central office to the customer premises. ...
In 2000, rules for operators colocation inside NTT facilities and lines delivery terms were established. In 2001, NTT were required to unbundle their interconnection optic fibers between exchange points. Finally, It was forbidden for NTT East & NTT West to offer internet access services.
Softbank, a major Nippon ISP, launched in 2001 its DSL service "Yahoo! BB" and massively invest in DSL technology to become in 2003 the largest DSL operator before the incumbent. SoftBank Corp. ...
In March 2005, DSL had more than 13.6 million customers. The concurrence of FTTH is stronger and stronger, with the arrival of operators like TEPCO (Tokyo Electric Power Company), allied to KDDI and NTT. Three millions customers were wired with FTTH in March 2005 and it could supplant DSL in 2007 according to Yano Research (FTTH Market in Japan and its future prospects, 1 September 2005). Tokyo Electric Power Company is en energy provider for Tokyo, Japan. ...
KDDI Corporation is a Japanese telecommunication operator formed in October 2000 through the merger of DDI, KDD, and IDO Corp. ...
September 1 is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years). ...
2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The Japanese model of optic fiber deployment is difficult to compare to other markets. The last kilometre is often done in an aerial manner on pylons, shared between operators, even non-telco. This distribution technique reduce the vulnerability to earthquakes and lower costs dramatically. For pylons of overhead lines, see Electricity pylon Pylon Noun from Greek πυλώνας gateway tower like structure, usually one of a series, used to support high voltage electricity cables. ...
Global earthquake epicenters, 1963–1998 An earthquake is a sudden and sometimes catastrophic movement of a part of the Earths crust. ...
(source: French regulation authority letter)
Iran ADSL in Iran appeared in January 2004. - Shatel is the first broadband ISP in Iran which offers ADSL2+ and ADSL services for residential and business users in Tehran and other major cities.
- CTEL Kish is the first broadband ISP in Khorasan which offers ADSL2+ and ADSL services for residential and business users in Mashhad and other major cities.
Map of Iran and surrounding lands, showing location of Tehran View from Jamaran looking southwest toward Elahiyeh, Jordan, and Shemiran districts of Tehran. ...
Mashhad from space, January 2003 Goharshad mosque, built in 1418. ...
New Zealand ADSL was launched in 1999 by Telecom New Zealand under the name JetStream. There was a progressive roll out into local exchanges. Telecom New Zealand NZX: TEL ASX: TEL NYSE: NZT is a Wellington-based telephone company formed at the privatisation of the New Zealand Post Office in 1990 and is also New Zealands second largest mobile operator. ...
Jet streams are fast flowing, confined air currents found in the atmosphere at around 12 km above the surface of the Earth, just under the tropopause. ...
Initially Telecom's JetStream services are offered by many different service providers, with Telecom billing for all data usage and the ISP charging for authentication and other services such as a static IP address. Plans consisted of 'full speed' services at up to 8 Mbit/s downstream and 800 kbit/s upstream for businesses, and both full speed and 'starter' plans at 128 kbit/s upload and download for home users. Jet streams are fast flowing, confined air currents found in the atmosphere at around 12 km above the surface of the Earth, just under the tropopause. ...
Telecom progressively introduced lower cost home options, but until the introduction of the Unbundled Bistream Service (UBS) in 2005 business users only had the high speed option at data rates of up to NZD0.20 per megabyte.
After public consultations undetaken in 2004, the Government took an initial decision not to require local loop unbundling, instead requiring Telecom to provide Unbundled Bitstream Service (UBS) at a Government-mandated maximum upstream bandwidth of 128 kbit/s. Telecom initially specified a 256 kbit/s downstream, but added 1 Mbit/s and 2 Mbit/s options later. In telecommunications, the local loop is the wiring between the central office (telephone exchange in British English) and the customers premises demarcation point. ...
In late 2005 Telecom cancelled previous wholesale arrangements with other ISPs which allowed them to resell the range of JetStream plans. All ISPs other than Telecom's own ISP, Xtra, can now only resell plans based on the UBS specification 256 kbit/s, 1 Mbit/s or 2 Mbit/s and an upstream of 128 kbit/s. Xtra still offer the older full speed plans, effectively giving Telecom a monopoly on the provision of true broadband to New Zealand. Jet streams are fast flowing, confined air currents found in the atmosphere at around 12 km above the surface of the Earth, just under the tropopause. ...
Xtra Limited (trading as Xtra) is New Zealands largest and worst Internet service provider. ...
On February 13, 2006, Telecom announced its intention to offer through Xtra what it advertised as a speed 'upgrade', as well as offering these changes to wholesale customer ISPs. As of February 28, it was reported by the New Zealand Herald that some providers would likely reject the offer, though Telecom believed that negotiations were continuing well. February 13 is the 44th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Xtra Limited (trading as Xtra) is New Zealands largest and worst Internet service provider. ...
ISP may mean: Internet service provider, an organization that offers users access to the Internet and related services. ...
February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
In an effort to stop Local Loop Unblunding or tougher Regulations Telecom now offer UBS at up to 3.5mbits per second downspeed and up to 512kbits per second upspeed, however the 512kbits per second upspeed plans are on average NZD19.95 more - even though they offer the same Data cap and downstream speed. There have been reports of slower than expected speeds whilst on 3.5Mbit plans, with one ISP reporting that the major constraint is 'Telecom's backhaul network'.
ADSL in New Zealand is also hugely limited by data caps, which on average range from 1 to 10 gigabytes of data per month. Telecom still have control over how much data they supply per each "UBS" customer, however many ISPs are now offering much larger data caps than Telecom's own Xtra, such as iHug who offer 40 and 60 GB options, others such as xnet offer free national data on their ADSL plans. Telecom's Xtra offers only 200 MB of data per month on its entry level NZD 29.95 plan, which is 256 kbit per second down and 128 kbit per second up, this is compared to TelstraClear—who in parts of New Zealand where they are competing for broadband via their own cable television network—offer an entry level cable plan of the same price, but offer 1 GB of data and 2 Mbit per second both up and down (5x more data, 8x faster downspeed and 16x faster upspeed for the same price).
ISPs ihug and Slingshot are still lobbying to have full-speed access to ADSL, at up to 7.5–8 Mbit per second.
On May 3rd 2006 the New Zealand Government announced that they would be enacting the much sought after Local Loop Unbundling (LLU) which had been previously avoided in 2004. As a part of the policy, the Government will additionally take steps to encourage private sector investment in improving rural telecommunications services, and will take steps to further open up the marketplace to alternative delivery media, such as fibre optics, cable and satellite. Fiber Optic strands An optical fiber in American English or fibre in British English is a transparent thin fiber for transmitting light. ...
A cable is two or more wires or optical fibers bound together, typically in a common protective jacket or sheath. ...
A satellite is any object that orbits another object (which is known as its primary). ...
At the time of the announcment the Telecommunications Minister, Mr Cunliffe, expected that the market would feel the effects of the policy from 2007–2009, with policy to be enacted commencing at the reading of the Budget in May 2006.
External links
- NZDSL - New Zealand ADSL news, information, forums and speed test.
Qatar ADSL launched 2002 in Qatar provided by Qtel with 25000 ADSL users Ref Qtel (short for Qatar Telecom) is the exclusive telecommunications provider in Qatar and is one of the largest public companies in the Qatar with about 2000 employees. ...
Speeds:
- ADSL 512 kbit/s $55/Month
- ADSL 1 Mbit/s $83/Month
- ADSL 2 Mbit/s $111/Month
Links: Qtel Site Qatar Internet Site
Saudi Arabia ADSL service in Saudi Arabia has become available since 2001. As part of its monopoly on all methods of communication in Saudi Arabia, the Saudi Telecom Company is the only complete provider, though several ISPs are available, with the permission of STC. Saudi Telecom Company (STC) is a Saudi Arabia-based telecommunications company that offers landline, mobile and Internet services. ...
There were several reasons for the service being unpopular, in particular the thought to be unreasonable prices and alleged low-quality service. The service is becoming more popular as the service fees are being lowered.
Singapore ADSL providers in Singapore include: SingTel (formerly Singapore Telecoms) is Singapores largest telecommunications company. ...
StarHub Limited (SGX: T54) is a telecommunications company based in Singapore. ...
Sri Lanka ADSL was introduced to Sri Lanka in 2003 by provider Sri Lanka Telecom.
The average speed is 512/128 kbit/s, costing Rs. 2250 per month for an unmetered flat rate. This is the standard for SLT and resellers. Faster connections up to 2 Mbit/s are available, but the price is considerably higher (Rs. 6500 for 2 Mbit/s).
The service is available with in the Greater Colombo area, Kandy and Galle. Colombo city has been sub divided into 15 postal zones. ...
South Korea South Korea leads the number of DSL connections per head world-wide. ADSL is standard, but VDSL has started growing quickly. ADSL commonly offers speeds of 2 Mbit/s to 8 Mbit/s, with VDSL accordingly faster. The large proportion of South Korea's population living in apartment blocks helps the spread of DSL, as does a high penetration of consumer electronics in general. VDSL is commonly found in newer apartments while ADSL is normally found in landed properties where the telephone exchange is far away. The Internet has a higher status for many Koreans than it does in the West, and the government actively supports this. Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) is a form of DSL, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a conventional modem can provide. ...
It has been suggested that VDSL2 be merged into this article or section. ...
Turkey In Turkey ADSL service is provided since 2003 by Türk Telekom - ((Turkish)) http://www.telekom.gov.tr. The current download/upload speed options are 256/64, 512/128, 1024/256, and 2048/512 kbit/s. There are also options of 3, 6 and 9 GB download per-month limit for the speed of 512/128 kbit/s. Türk Telekom is the state owned Turkish telecommunications company. ...
Starting from 1 November 2005, Türk Telekom approximate prices (see http://www.turktelekom.com.tr/webtech/default.asp?sayfa_id=152) are as follows: November 1 is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 60 days remaining. ...
2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
- 256/64 kbit/s for €30
- 512/128 kbit/s for €61
- 1024/256 kbit/s for €104
- 2048/512 kbit/s for €165
For the 3, 6 and 9 GB download per-month limits (at 512/128 kbit/s speed) the approximate prices are: - 3 GB for €18
- 6 GB for €30
- 9 GB for €42
Notes: - The same options and prices are offered for home and business users.
- All prices include VAT and "Special Communication Tax".
- Approximately €6 per 1 GB download is charged for exceeding limits.
Other ADSL providers in Turkey are given below. They have similar prices and options, because they are using the POTS infrastructure of Türk Telekom: vat can be a type of barrel used for storage. ...
Plain old telephone service, or POTS, are the services available from analogue telephones prior to the introduction of electronic telephone exchanges into the public switched telephone network. ...
- ((Turkish)) Superonline
- ((Turkish)) e-kolay
- ((Turkish)) Mynet
Europe
Belgium ADSL first appeared in Belgium in 1999, named Turboline. The first network was set up by Belgian telecom operator Belgacom and has been expanding ever since. In 2004 nearly 90% of the entire territory has access to ADSL from Belgacom. Belgacom daughter Skynet was the first officially supported ADSL provider, but now many more have gained popularity. Download speed is usually capped around 4 Mbit/s, though faster services are now becoming available (including 9 Mbit/s VDSL from Skynet). Many ISPs, notably Skynet, have bandwidth caps in place to limit the amount of data users can transfer through their connection. // Headline text dxrdxteszte Belgacom SA (Euronext: BELG ) is a Brussels-based Belgian telecommunications company. ...
...
It has been suggested that VDSL2 be merged into this article or section. ...
Alongside the Belgacom ADSL network, Scarlet has created a secondary network, with higher download and upload rates, sometimes up to the maximum 8 Mbit/s. Several providers use this network, like Scarlet and Adsl2Fit. Alternate meaning: Scarlet (color) Scarlet was a type of woollen cloth common in mediaeval England. ...
Bulgaria ADSL was introduced in Bulgaria after the privatization of the state monopoly BTC (Bulgarian Telecommunications Company) in 2004. Since then the aviability has been widely increased and today (February 2006) it is offered in 140 towns and villages around the country. With the liberalization of the telecommunications market it is expected that other companies currently offering broadband Internet by other means will begin offering ADSL in the near future. The BTC price of the most popular packages as of February 2006 is as follows: - 512/128 kbit/s, Unlimited, - ~€15
- 1024/256 kbit/s, Unlimited, - ~€41
- 2048/512 kbit/s, Unlimited, - ~€51
A map of the service areas can be seen at: http://www.telecom.bg/en/residential_details.php?sel=0&cat=25 (flash required)
Czech Republic In Czech Republic, ADSL became commercially available at the beginning of 2003 by then-monopoly operator Cesky Telecom with basic speeds from 192/64 kbit/s to 1024/256 kbit/s. Because of low cable penetration and low WiFi penetration, it became quick success even with high prices (~€350 per month for 1024/256kbit). At the beginning of 2004, local loop unbundling began, and alternative operator Telenor offered ADSL (and also SDSL) via its network with speeds up to 4096/384 kbit/s. This, and later privatisation of Cesky Telecom helped drive down prices. ÄŒeský Telecom (Czech Telecom) is the largest telecommunications company in the Czech Republic and until recently held a monopoly in landlines. ...
Wi-Fi (or Wi-fi, WiFi, Wifi, wifi), short for Wireless Fidelity, is a set of standards for wireless local area networks (WLAN) currently based on the IEEE 802. ...
Local loop unbundling (LLU) is the process of allowing telecommunications operators to use the twisted-pair telephone connections from the telephone exchanges central office to the customer premises. ...
Telenor is the incumbent telco in Norway. ...
As of January 2006, ADSL is offered in many variants, both with data limit and without with speeds up to 4096/384 kbit/s. Some operators started offering ADSL2 technology via LLU (athough on ADSL1 speeds) at the end of 2005, with Czech Telecom planning full speed ADSL2(+) later this year.
The typical ADSL connection in Czech Republic is 512/128 kbit/s with a data limit of 3 - 10 GB. Speeds, data limits, Fair User Policy (limiting link speed based on amount of transferred data) and overbooking vary per each ISP, but basically, settings offered are:
Cesky Telecom Network
- 128/64 kbit/s, 2 GB, 1:50 - ~€14
- 512/128 kbit/s, 10 GB, 1:50 - ~€23
- 1024/256 kbit/s, 20 GB, 1:50 - ~€35
- 2048/256 kbit/s, 20 GB, 1:50 - ~€52
- 512/128 kbit/s, no limit, 1:20 - ~€66
- 1024/256 kbit/s, no limit, 1:20 - ~€104
- 2048/256 kbit/s, no limit, 1:20 - ~€243
Telenor Network - 1024/256, no limit, 1:40 - ~€24
- 2048/256, no limit, 1:40 - ~€35
- 4096/384, no limit, 1:40 - ~€64
Distance (CTc operator): from 3/2005: to 2400 m - max. full speed 4096 kbit/s to 3400 m - max. 2048/256 kbit/s to 6500 m - max. 1024/256 kbit/s to 7300 m - max. 512/128 kbit/s to 8200 m - max. 256/64 kbit/s to 3/2005: 256/64 kbit/s to max 3,8 km 512/128 kbit/s to 3,4 km, 1024/256 kbit/s to 3 km.
Denmark ADSL was introduced commercially to Denmark in winter 1999. The service has been rolled out very extensively and the national coverage is now above 97% of the Danish population. There are several ISPs in Denmark but only a few own their own infrastructure (The 'last mile' is owned solely by TDC), namely TDC, Cybercity and to some extent Tele2 (who acquired there xDSL infrastructure from Tiscali in February 2005. An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a business or organization that offers users access to the Internet and related services. ...
More information can be found here (in order of market share):
- TDC (former incumbent) - http://www.tdc.dk
- Cybercity (part of Telenor) - http://www.cybercity.dk
- Tele2 - http://www.tele2.dk
TDC is the former tele-monopoly in Denmark now privatized. ...
Telenor is the incumbent telco in Norway. ...
Tele2 is Europes biggest alternative telecommunications operator with over 28 million customers in 24 countries. ...
Finland First ADSL line providers started in 2000. A typical ADSL connection in Finland is 512/512 kbit/s or 1024/512 kbit/s and it costs €20 to €30 per month. The euro (plural euro, symbol: €; banking code: EUR) is the official currency of the European Union and single currency for over 300 million Europeans in the following twelve European Union member states: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain; collectively also known as...
Some ADSL Line Providers:
In the city of Oulu, Oulun Puhelin Plc (OPOY) has for a longer time offered full-rate ADSL (8/1 Mbit/s) and VDSL (10/10 Mbit/s, actually Cisco Long Reach Ethernet). TeliaSonera AB is the result of a merger between the Swedish and Finnish telecommunications companies, Telia and Sonera. ...
The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA or EIA for short) is a biochemical technique used in immunology to detect the presence of an antibody or an antigen in a sample. ...
Saunalahti is a Finnish mobile phone operator and an internet service provider. ...
City Oulu (1605) Administrative Province Oulu province Historical Province Ostrobothnia Area (2004-01-01) – Total (excl. ...
It has been suggested that VDSL2 be merged into this article or section. ...
Cisco Systems, Inc. ...
Long Reach Ethernet (LRE) is a developing set of networking protocols intended to support multi-megabit (5-15Mbps) performance over telephone-grade Category 1/2/3 wiring over distances up to 5,000 feet. ...
With aggressive marketing, Saunalahti brought full-rate ADSL (8/1 Mbit/s) to the capital area and Turku on 2004-08-03. Saunalahti announced ADSL2 services (12 Mbit/s) on 2004-10-21, available in the capital area and Turku. Saunalahti also announced the first ever ADSL2+ services (24 Mbit/s) in Nordic countries on 2004-11-15, first available only in the Tampere region. Central Helsinki, the focal point of the Capital Region, from the sky Greater Helsinki (Finnish: Suur-Helsinki, Swedish: Storhelsingfors), Capital Region (Pääkaupunkiseutu, Huvudstadsregionen), Helsinki Metropolitan Area, and Helsinki Region (Helsingin seutu, Helsingforsregionen) all refer to regions of different size surrounding Helsinki, the capital of Finland. ...
Province Western Finland Region Finland Proper Sub-region Turku City manager Mikko Pukkinen Official languages Finnish, Swedish Area - total - land ranked 311th 245. ...
2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
October 21 is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 71 days remaining. ...
Central Helsinki, the focal point of the Capital Region, from the sky Greater Helsinki (Finnish: Suur-Helsinki, Swedish: Storhelsingfors), Capital Region (Pääkaupunkiseutu, Huvudstadsregionen), Helsinki Metropolitan Area, and Helsinki Region (Helsingin seutu, Helsingforsregionen) all refer to regions of different size surrounding Helsinki, the capital of Finland. ...
Province Western Finland Region Finland Proper Sub-region Turku City manager Mikko Pukkinen Official languages Finnish, Swedish Area - total - land ranked 311th 245. ...
2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
November 15 is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 46 days remaining. ...
Location within Finland Tampere (Swedish name Tammerfors) is a city in southern Finland located between two lakes: Näsijärvi and Pyhäjärvi. ...
France
 zones covered by a DSL service provider in France at the end of september 2005 Lines Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2200x1557, 458 KB)zones covered by a DSL service provider in France at the end of september 2005. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2200x1557, 458 KB)zones covered by a DSL service provider in France at the end of september 2005. ...
On the 31st December 2005, France had 8.9 million ADSL Internet subscribers forming 94% of the broadband market, a 2.8 million lines or 44% increase from the previous year. This makes France the second largest ADSL market in Europe. 2.82 million lines were unbundled, and 592 thousand totally without any direct invoicing of the historical operator and a greater progression rate than partial unbundling according to the regulation authority, the ARCEP, in its 2005 broadband reports. At the end of september 2005, more than 95% of the population can have a DSL connexion. Europe is conventionally considered one of the seven continents of Earth which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiographic one, leading to various perspectives about Europes borders. ...
Local loop unbundling (LLU) is the process of allowing telecommunications operators to use the twisted-pair telephone connections from the telephone exchanges central office to the customer premises. ...
Market
Wanadoo, a subsidiary of France Telecom, is the leader with half of the market with 49.5%, helped by the reputation and availability of physical shops of the incumbent operator to overcome slightly higher prices because of its obligation of using fixed prices. Other operators shares the rest, with the first being Free (subsidy of Iliad) with 17.9% of the market, just above Neuf Telecom (Louis Dreyfus Group) which merged his ADSL activities with Cegetel (Vivendi Universal) with 13.2% according to Iliad in its fiscal year 2005 presentation. Then came the other operators: Alice (Telecom Italia) which bought Tiscali, for 6.1%, Club internet (Deutsche Telekom) for 4.4%, AOL, Tele2, and small operators, frequently virtual. The trend is a slow augmentation for the challengers at the expense of Wanadoo. Wanadoo logo Wanadoo is a French Internet Service Provider (ISP), which is a subsidiary of France Télécom. ...
France Télécom is the main telecommunication company in France. ...
Free is a French Internet Service Provider (ISP), which is a subsidiary of the Iliad Group. ...
The Louis Dreyfus Group, encompass citrus, agricultural commodities, energy (crude oil and petroleum products, natural gas, petrochemicals and plastic resins), Agricultural Financial Risk Management, manufacturing, real estate, shipping, and telecommunications. ...
Vivendi Universal (VU) is a French conglomerate active in media and communications with activities in music, television and film, publishing, telecommunications and the Internet. ...
Telecom Italia is a formerly partially state-owned Italian telco. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
This article or section seems not to be written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia entry. ...
Tele2 is Europes biggest alternative telecommunications operator with over 28 million customers in 24 countries. ...
Offers
The market is oriented towards stopping the price war, and offering more services at a price around 30€, slightly more for the incumbent operator:
- maximum throughput permitted by the line, either 8 Mbit/s (maximum of ADSL) or 24 Mbit/s (maximum of ADSL2+) depending on the line length and type of DSLAM
- unlimited telephony to land lines in Europe, North America (even mobile phones), China and India
- television with the broadcasting of the young terrestrial digital TV and paid satellite TV
Those triple play offers were initiated by Free with the Freebox modem, and are expanding to all major players, driving the French market as noted by BusinessWeek the 5 December 2005. Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) is a form of DSL, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a conventional modem can provide. ...
This article needs to be wikified. ...
A digital subscriber line access multiplexer, (DSLAM) is a multiplexer located in the telephone company exchange that provides consumers access to DSL services over twisted pair copper cabling. ...
In telecommunications, the Triple Play service is a marketing term for the provisioning of the three services; high-speed Internet, television (Video on Demand, or live broadcast) and telephone service over a single broadband connection. ...
Freebox The Freebox is an ADSL modem provided by the French internet service provider called Free to its ADSL subscribers. ...
First prices between 15€ and 20€ per month remain for a small usage with limited throughput around one megabit per second (but often ADSL2 max in unbundled zones). Those prices can also be attained with complete unbundling, saving the monthly 15€ for the POTS subscription while retaining the triple play services. POTS may mean: Plain old telephone service (aka Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) or Post Office Telephone Service or Post Office Telephone System) Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome This article consisting of a 4-letter acronym or initialism is a disambiguation page — a list of pages that otherwise might share...
Technology
After selling the first ADSL2+ offers in Europe, providing a speed of 18 Mbit/s down and 1 Mbit/s up in 2004, French operators continue to offer new services, driven by the competition. It is possible to use video telephony, video on demand, Reach Extended ADSL for 8 km lines soon. Experiments aren't any more the Iliad/Free trademark: they recently demonstrated an aggregated 174 Mbit/s link, while Telecom Italia innovates on the service with a free hotline and France Telecom is pushing VDSL. This article needs to be wikified. ...
Europe is conventionally considered one of the seven continents of Earth which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiographic one, leading to various perspectives about Europes borders. ...
A videophone is a telephone which is capable of both audio and video duplex transmission. ...
Video on demand (VOD) systems allow users to select and watch video content over a network as part of an interactive television system. ...
It has been suggested that VDSL2 be merged into this article or section. ...
In December 2005, Free has enabled a TV multicasting service on the customer's local network, an open solution based on RTSP (2005-12-01 announce). This completes the media center capability of the freebox, also using the VideoLAN project. They launched on 19 april 2006 a new freebox divided in two devices with DVB-T and HDTV capabilities and a Mimo wifi network. RTSP is the Real Time Streaming Protocol developed by the IETF and published in 1998 as RFC 2326. ...
VideoLAN is a software development project comprising two multi-platform computer programs—VLC media player and VideoLAN Server (VLS)—and several audio/video decoding and decryption libraries. ...
DVB-T stands for Digital Video Broadcasting - Terrestrial and it is the DVB European consortium standard for the broadcast transmission of digital terrestrial television. ...
High-definition television (HDTV) means broadcast of television signals with a higher resolution than traditional formats (NTSC, SECAM, PAL) allow. ...
Multiple-input multiple-output, or MIMO (pronounced MY-moh), is an abstract mathematical model for some communications systems. ...
Quadruple play, triple play with mobile communications, is gaining ground: neuf cegetel is trying an experimental hybrid wifi for home and cellular for outside phone, the beautifulphone, by the means of a QTek 8300 and Wanadoo prepare an Home Zone with a Nokia handset. Free develops a wifi mesh network of HD freeboxes to be used to provide mobile telephony and compete with traditional cellular operators. In telecommunications, a quadruple play service is a marketing term combining the triple play service of high-speed Internet, television and telephone with wireless (mobile) service provisions. ...
High Tech Computer Corporation, known by its acronym HTC, is the Taiwan-based manufacturer of Microsoft Windows CE portable devices, responsible for models such as the O2 xda and O2 xda II. It was founded on May 15th 1997 and is strictly an outsourcing company, an Original Design Manufacturer (ODM...
Nokia Corporation (NYSE: NOK) is the most prolific maker of cellular phones and thus the worlds largest telecommunications equipment manufacturer. ...
Cellular redirects here. ...
Germany As of first quarter of 2005, Deutsche Telekom signed up approximately 6.4 million DSL customers in Germany, making Germany one of the top countries to provide DSL. There are different other DSL Line Providers in germany which do not resell T-DSL, because they have their own DSL net. Such Providers are Arcor or AliceDSL. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Arcor is the second-biggest fixed phone line provider in Germany . ...
ADSL Line Providers:
Deutsche Telekom offers:
- T-DSL 1000: 1024/128 (€17)
- T-DSL 2000: 2048/192 (€20)
- T-DSL 6000: 6016/576 (€25)
These prices do not include ISP fees, which typically are an additional €5-10 (flatrate, all speeds).
Major resellers of T-DSL are T-Online and 1&1.
ISPs offering DSL flatrates that can be used with T-DSL include T-Online, 1&1, GMX and Congster.
Arcor offers:
- Arcor DSL 2000: 2048/192 (€15)
- Arcor DSL 6000: 6144/640 (€20)
- Arcor DSL 16000: 16128/800 (€23)
The Arcor prices include already the ISP flatrate.
Greece ADSL in Greece appeared commercially in the summer of 2003. The incumbent telecom operator, OTE, has been accused of deliberately stalling ADSL deployment for three years, in order to continue charging users with high per-minute dial-up charges as long as possible (flat-rate dial-up connections do not exist in Greece). OTE has also been criticized for artificially limiting the number of packets passing per second through a given ADSL connection, with the purpose of rendering Voip services over its broadband network unusable and unreliable. IP Telephony, also called Internet telephony, is the technology that makes it possible to have a telephone conversation over the Internet or a dedicated Internet Protocol (IP) network instead of dedicated voice transmission lines. ...
Typical download/upload speeds available (in kbit/s) are 256/128, 384/128, 512/128 and 1024/256. Speeds up to 4096/640 (kbit/s) are provided by the Vivodi Telecom network. Vivodi Telecom announced that it will start offering ADSL2+ services (8 Mbit/s and 12 Mbit/s) from 1/4/2006. Vivodi is a private telco in Greece that offers cheap local/national/international rates for OTE subscribers (through call-by-call, carrier preselection or prepaid cards) and for business customers (also offering leased line solutions). ...
ADSL Line Providers in Greece:
- OTE, the incumbent telecom operator and former state monopoly.
- Vivodi Telecom, a private company utilizing local loop unbundling (LLU), covering very few parts of Greece at the moment.
Main ADSL Internet Providers: OTE (NYSE: OTE) is the national telecom provider of Greece. ...
Vivodi is a private telco in Greece that offers cheap local/national/international rates for OTE subscribers (through call-by-call, carrier preselection or prepaid cards) and for business customers (also offering leased line solutions). ...
There are many other ISPs providing ADSL. Hellas On Line [HOL], was one of the first Greek BBSs to offer commercial access to the internet, thus becoming an Internet Service Provider. ...
Vivodi is a private telco in Greece that offers cheap local/national/international rates for OTE subscribers (through call-by-call, carrier preselection or prepaid cards) and for business customers (also offering leased line solutions). ...
All you need to know about ADSL in Greece
Hungary ADSL appeared in Hungary in 2001, and ADSL2+ in late 2005. The main providers are: T-Com (formerly Matáv), Invitel, Emitel, Monortel, Pantel, TVNet Approximate prices: - 512/96 ~ 35€
- 1024/128 ~ 49€
- 2048/192 ~ 59€
- 3008/384 ~ 70€
- 6144/512 ~ 105€
Starting from June 2006 there will be 2 new offering: 12 and 18 Mbit/s from T-Com based on ADSL2+
Ireland ADSL appeared in Ireland in 2002. By December 2005 around 70% of all homes could get ADSL. By April 2006 90% of households will be broadband capable, according to Eircom, the largest Broadband provider in the Republic of Ireland. - 1024/128 ~ €30
- 2048/192 ~ €40
- 3072/384 ~ €55
Italy ADSL has in theory been available in Italy for a number of years, and has been very widely publicised; but in practice has to now (Sept 2004) been limited by an apparently low technical competence of the telecoms companies, which consumers continue to tolerate. Consumer expectations are heavily conditioned by decades of poor service, delays, random cuts and the alleged technical and commercial ineptitude that was typical of the entire communications sector, a state monopoly until very recently.
Recent liberalisation of the market has brought much hype and little change. The local loop is still in the hands of the old monopolist, whose ingrained corporate culture does not favour the consumer. The general corporate trend to outsource technical assistance to untrained operators in third-party call centres does little to mitigate a very sorry state of affairs. The old monopolist limits the amount of bandwidth it sells to competitors, which are forced to heavily oversubscribe users to limited backbone. Some companies have started installing their own DSLAMs, and offering fast connection at competitive prices, but these services aren't available in many areas. A cable operator, fastweb, has started a 10MB/s service, but as they started building their network from scratch in recent years it is only available in major cities. One common criticism is that they connect their users to a metropolitan area network and not directly to the internet, so users are behind NAT servers. Satellite internet remains very expensive.
Latvia ADSL services in Latvia are provided by Lattelekom. Majas DSL, service for home users, is very popular. It have common speed 256/64 and costs about €30 per month. As from April 2005, speed has been upgraded to 512/128 kbit/s without changing the price. Lattelekom is a Latvian telecom and ISP company. ...
Categories: Pages on votes for deletion | Computer stubs ...
Lithuania ADSL carrier services in Lithuania are provided by monopoly Lietuvos Telekomas. In the future this service might be used by other ISPs for their retail services. Find more about "Takas DSL"
Netherlands Four ADSL networks are active in The Netherlands; a network set up by KPN, the former state telecom operator, and three others run by BBned (a subsidiary of Telecom Italia), Tiscali Wholesale and Versatel. At the moment ISP Wanadoo (a subsidiary of France Telecom) is also setting up its own network. Versatel is in the process of being bought by Tele2, a Swedish competitive telecom operator. The KPN network has near to 100% coverage and other networks have roughly 70% coverage. Several line speeds are available, depending on the internet provider. The Netherlands (Dutch: Nederland) is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (Dutch: Koninkrijk der Nederlanden). ...
KPN (in full Koninklijke KPN N.V., Royal KPN NV) NYSE: KPN, is a Dutch telecommunications company. ...
Telecom Italia is a formerly partially state-owned Italian telco. ...
Versatel is a telecommunications company on the Dutch, Belgian and German market. ...
Wanadoo logo Wanadoo is a French Internet Service Provider (ISP), which is a subsidiary of France Télécom. ...
France Télécom is the main telecommunication company in France. ...
Versatel is a telecommunications company on the Dutch, Belgian and German market. ...
Tele2 is Europes biggest alternative telecommunications operator with over 28 million customers in 24 countries. ...
Typical download/upload speeds of the KPN network:
- 1500/256 kbit/s from €21.95 for only a basic internet connection without e.g. an emailbox - €29.95 with high quality ISP
- 3000/512 kbit/s from €29.95 for only a basic internet connection without e.g. an emailbox - €39.95 with high quality ISP
- 6000/768 kbit/s from €49.95 for only a basic internet connection without e.g. an emailbox - €59.95 with high quality ISP
- 12000/1024 kbit/s from €74.95 for only a basic internet connection without e.g. an emailbox - €79.95 with high quality ISP (only availble on local exchanges with ADSL2+ equipment)
Lower speeds (e.g. 375/128 and 750/128 kbit/s) are also available.
Alcatel is replacing the existing ADSL equipment of KPN with ADSL2+ equipment. The replacement will be completed in the first quarter of 2006, when KPN will also begin to offer VoIP. For VoIP, costumers will need a new modem (Experiabox===Siemens Gigaset SE551 ADSL2+ router with four ethernet ports, WiFi and two telephone ports). Later in 2006 KPN will also offer IPTV. This move of KPN is a direct result of the VoIP services offered by other ADSL network operators and cable companies (90% of Dutch households have a cable connection). {{Infobox_Company | company_name = Alcatel| company_logo = | company_type = Public (Euronext: CGE, NYSE: ALA) | foundation = Alsace, France (1898) | location = Paris, France | key_people = Serge Tchuruk, Chairman and CEO | industry = telecommunications | products = provides hardware, software and services to telecommunications service providers and enterprises | revenue = 14. ...
IP Telephony, also called Internet telephony, is the technology that makes it possible to have a telephone conversation over the Internet or a dedicated Internet Protocol (IP) network instead of dedicated voice transmission lines. ...
A router is a computer networking device that forwards data packets across an internetwork toward their destinations, through a process known as routing. ...
Wi-Fi (or Wi-fi, WiFi, Wifi, wifi), short for Wireless Fidelity, is a set of standards for wireless local area networks (WLAN) currently based on the IEEE 802. ...
It has been suggested that IP Media be merged into this article or section. ...
For other ADSL networks prices tend to be lower and speeds higher. E.g. Versatel offers 20000/1024 kbit/s with telephony (VoIP) and live soccer games of the Dutch competition (IPTV) for €59.95 and Wanadoo offers 20000/1024 kbit/s for €23.95. Versatel is a telecommunications company on the Dutch, Belgian and German market. ...
Norway ADSL became available to private consumers around late 2000.
Depending on the provider, offered speeds range from 704/128 kbit/s to as high as 8/1 Mbit/s for ADSL, while ADSL2+ is slowly becoming available with speeds reaching up to 26/1.5 Mbit/s.
Prices vary constantly due to fierce competition between providers, but prices can be found as low as 195 NOK (US$30) per month for the most basic ADSL connections, while ADSL2+ is somewhat pricier, it starts at around 550 NOK (US$82) per month. This is in addition to DSL equipment rental and installation fees. The Nok civilization thrived between 500 BC and 200 AD on the Jos Plateau in northeastern Nigeria. ...
The Nok civilization thrived between 500 BC and 200 AD on the Jos Plateau in northeastern Nigeria. ...
Some major ISPs that provide DSL services in Norway:
- Tele2 .- http://www.tele2.no
- NextGenTel .- http://www.nextgentel.no/
- Telenor .- http://www.telenor.no/
- Bluecom .- http://www.bluecom.no/
- TDC Song .- http://tdcsong.no/
- Catch Communications .- http://www.catchspeed.no/
- UPC .- http://www.upc.no/
There is also a flurry of local providers all over the country that offer competitive DSL services. Telenor is the incumbent telco in Norway. ...
As of the time this is written (January 2006), all known services include unlimited download. (i.e no capping)
Poland The most popular ADSL services for home users in Poland are Neostrada provided by TPSA, and Net24 provided by Netia. Business users as well as some home users use Internet DSL TP also offered by TPSA.
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) is a form of DSL, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a conventional modem can provide. ...
Neostrada is an ADSL service provided by TPSA in Poland. ...
Telekomunikacja Polska S.A. (also known as TPSA or just TP) is a Polish telecom and ISP, provider of the Neostrada ADSL service. ...
Telekomunikacja Polska S.A. (also known as TPSA or just TP) is a Polish telecom and ISP, provider of the Neostrada ADSL service. ...
Neostrada At present Neostrada has six possible price, speed and download limit variants (as of May 2006):
Neostrada is an ADSL service provided by TPSA in Poland. ...
Prices and speed for 12 month contract (excluding tax):
- 128/64 kbit/s and 7 GB monthly for €15 / month
- 256/128 kbit/s and 7 GB monthly for €17 / month
- 512/128 kbit/s and 15 GB monthly for €25 / month
- 1024/256 kbit/s and 25 GB monthly for €36 / month
- 2048/256 kbit/s and 35 GB monthly for €45 / month
- 6144/256 kbit/s and 50 GB monthly for €52 / month
Prices and speed for 24 month contract (excluding tax): - 512/128 kbit/s and 15 GB monthly for €21 / month
- 1024/256 kbit/s and 25 GB monthly for €30 / month
- 2048/256 kbit/s and 35 GB monthly for €34 / month
- 6144/256 kbit/s and 50 GB monthly for €44 / month
Prices and speed for unlimited period of time (excluding tax): - 128/64 kbit/s and 7 GB monthly for €25 / month
- 256/128 kbit/s and 7 GB monthly for €27 / month
- 512/128 kbit/s and 15 GB monthly for €36 / month
- 1024/256 kbit/s and 25 GB monthly for €49 / month
- 2048/256 kbit/s and 35 GB monthly for €53 / month
- 6144/256 kbit/s and 50 GB monthly for €63 / month
After execeeding the data transfer limit, download speeds fall to 32 kbit/s until the end of month on all options.
One can buy an additional 2 GB of transfer by calling a premium-rate number or buying a special card with a code. It costs €2.5 and does not affect base line speed.
Some users also have older (offered until September 2004) no longer available options of 640/160 kbit/s with no download limit for €33.
Internet DSL TP There is another ADSL option available, targeted mainly at business clients, called Internet DSL TP. This does not impose any download limits, the link availability is guaranteed plus offers static IP address(es) and a modem with Ethernet interface. Of course, it is more expensive than Neostrada (all prices excluding tax, as of May 2006): Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) is a form of DSL, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a conventional modem can provide. ...
Neostrada is an ADSL service provided by TPSA in Poland. ...
- 256/128 kbit/s for €36 / month
- 512/128 kbit/s for €47 / month
- 1024/256 kbit/s for €60 / month
- 2048/256 kbit/s for €78 / month
- 4096/512 kbit/s for €91 / month
- 8192/640 kbit/s for €104 / month
- 15360/800 kbit/s for €131 / month
The main drawback of this service is that, excluding times of promotional fares, the installation cost is very high: €209. However, monthly fares are now quite close to similar Neostrada speed options. Neostrada is an ADSL service provided by TPSA in Poland. ...
Net24 ADSL service called Net24, provided by TP's main competitor Netia, offers four speed options: (As for May 2006)
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) is a form of DSL, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a conventional modem can provide. ...
- 128/64 kbit/s for €14 / month
- 256/64 kbit/s for €18 / month
- 640/160 kbit/s for €28 / month
- 1024/160 kbit/s for €37 / month
(prices excluding tax)
The physical speeds are slightly higher than marketed speeds to accommodate protocol overhead. The IP address is assigned dynamically on connection.
There is no download limit on either option. Also in contrast to Neostrada, the service can be installed on ISDN lines. Neostrada is an ADSL service provided by TPSA in Poland. ...
ISDN is also short for isosorbide dinitrate Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a type of circuit switched telephone network system, designed to allow digital (as opposed to analog) transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in better quality and higher speeds, than available with analog...
Netia also offers ADSL (BiznesNet24) and SDSL (SuperNet24) subscriptions for business customers which offer static IP address and higher speeds. Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) is a form of DSL, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a conventional modem can provide. ...
Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL) is a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) variant with E1-like data rates (72 to 2320 kbit/s). ...
External links
- Neostrada Homepage
- InternetDSL Homepage
- Net24 Homepage
Portugal ADSL service has been available in Portugal since 2000, however it wasn't until 2002, with increased competition, that the service started to become appealing to the general public. The main telephone companies have since started to market packages that combine voice and ADSL services. These are becoming increasingly popular and are usually available from each company in the areas where they have setup their own infrastructre and are able to provide direct service. Prices for ADSL in Portugal are mostly flat, however a large majority of ISPs impose download traffic limits on their customers and will charge an extra fee for exceeding the allocated quota. The most common service at this time is 2048/128 kbit/s for around €35/month.
The top ADSL ISPs in Portugal are:
A former monopoly, Portugal Telecom is still the largest telecommunications company in the country today. Due to their previous monopoly status their landline infrastructre covers 100% of the national territory, making them the only operator that can offer direct service anywhere in the country. Portugal Telecom is the incumbent telecom operator in Portugal. ...
Portugal Telecom uses two brands to segment their ADSL service: SAPO for the residential market and Telepac for the SOHO market. Portugal Telecom usually makes the distinction between national and international traffic based on the IP ranges of the servers you communicate with, and on most pricing plans imposes very strict international download limits.
Prices for SAPO ADSL service are as follows:
2048/128 kbit/s for €35.58 / month with a 2 GB international traffic limit
4096/256 kbit/s for €39.55 / month with a 2 GB international traffic limit
8128/384 kbit/s for €61.00 / month with an 8 GB international traffic limit
(updated December 2005)
Novis Telecom started offering their service in 1999, soon after the government opened the telecommunications market to competition. Like many others, Novis Telecom started by renting Portugal Telecom's lines in order to offer their voice service to customers, but later started laying their own infrastructure and can now offer direct service in the main metropolitan areas.
Novis Telecom also uses two separate brands to differentiate their ADSL service: Clix for the residential market and Novis for the business market. They are currently the only ISP in Portugal with an ADSL2+ offer for the general public (up to 16 Mbit/s), although it is limited to the areas where they can offer direct service.
Prices for Clix ADSL service are as follows:
- Direct access areas
Up to 2048/256 kbit/s for €22.50 / month with a 5 GB total traffic limit
Up to 16384/400 kbit/s for €34.90 / month with a 25 GB total traffic limit (ADSL2+)
- Other areas
2048/128 kbit/s for €34.90 / month with a 5 GB total traffic limit
4096/256 kbit/s for €44.90 / month with a 10 GB total traffic limit
8128/384 kbit/s for €54.90 / month with a 15 GB total traffic limit
(updated December 2005)
Another newcomer after the opening of the telecommunications market, Oni started operating in 2000. Like Novis Telecom, Oni began offering their voice service by renting Portugal Telecom's infrastructure before they laid their own fiber and started offering direct service to their customers, limited at this time to the larger metropolitan areas.
Their current ADSL service comes in the form of a package called OniDuo which includes both voice and ADSL service. Oni was the first of the newer operators to offer a product of this kind that was available country-wide and not only in the areas where they could offer direct service. The product is available in two different forms: OniDuo, aimed at the residential market and OniDuo Pro, aimed at the SOHO market. The initial speed grades for OniDuo were 512/128 kbit/s and 1024/128 kbit/s and Oni would subtract the line rental fee from their monthly subscription price to all customers that were located outside their direct service areas.
Presently OniDuo custumers are given the option of upgrading their 512/128 kbit/s service to 2048/128 Mbit/s while paying the same 31,95€/month, or keeping the 512/128 kbit/s service with the reduced price of €19.95 / month. Previous 1024/128 kbit/s customers were automatically migrated to 2048/128 kbit/s and that speed grade has been discontinued. The new traffic limits are 4 GB total traffic/month and 12 GB total traffic/month for the 512/128 and 2048/128 services respectively.
(updated December 2005)
Formerly known as Esoterica, VIA NET.WORKS has been in the market since 1995. Unlike the companies listed above, VIA NET.WORKS did not start as a telephone company, but instead was born as a pure ISP, offering their service anywhere a Portugal Telecom line is installed. For some time they were the only real competition to Portugal Telecom's Telepac service. VIA NET.WORKS has long set itself as a leader in bringing new Internet technologies to market, they were the first ISP to have a SDSL offer (up to 4 Mbit/s) in large metropolitan areas. They were also the first ISP in Portugal to offer a residential service with no traffic limits. Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL) is a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) variant with E1-like data rates (72 to 2320 kbit/s). ...
Presently VIA.NET.WORKS is mainly focused on the business market, their current ADSL offers are: VIA ADSL Standard and VIA ADSL Premium, aimed at the small and large business markets, and the recently launched VIA ADSL Light service with speeds up to 8 Mbit/s and traffic limits, that is aimed at the SOHO market.
(updated December 2005)
Romania DSL in Romania is provided by Romtelecom and a small number of Romtelecom licencees using it's infrastructure. DSL is very unpopular in Romania, because of very late introduction (in 2005), the wide availability and high penetration of cable and LAN networks (available since 2000), the very high prices (about twice higher than cable competitors) and limited availability. As such, prices valid for 2006 (normal, non-promotional prices) are as following (add 4 € / month for modem rental): Romtelecom is the largest telecommunications company in Romania; the majority of shares are held by the Greek telecommunications company OTE (54. ...
2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
This article is about the year 2000. ...
- ClickNet Express 512 (512 kbit/s downstream, 128 kbit/s upstream) : 25 € / month (USD 30) (compare with 9 USD/month from a cable ISP)
- ClickNet Express 1024 (1024 kbit/s downstream, 256 kbit/s upstream) : 35 € / month (USD 42) (compare with 19 USD/month from a cable ISP)
- ADSL Express 2048 (2048 kbit/s downstream, 384 kbit/s upstream) : 79 € / month (USD 95) (compare with 45 USD/month from a cable ISP)
Slovenia Slovenian ISP's provide ADSL,VDSL and ADSL2+.
There are no download limits on any of package and no fair-use policy.
Companies:
SiOL
ADSL
- 1024/256 kbit/s for 7.200,00 SIT (~ US$36) //PSTN or ISDN needed (extra ~US$15)
- 4096/512 kbit/s for 10.200,00 SIT (~ US$51) //PSTN or ISDN needed (extra ~US$15)
Amis
ADSL
- 1024/256 kbit/s for 6.590,00 SIT (~ US$33) //PSTN or ISDN needed (extra ~US$15)
- 4096/512 kbit/s for 10.550,00 SIT (~ US$53) //PSTN or ISDN needed (extra ~US$15)
Voljatel
ADSL
- 1024/256 kbit/s for 6.800,00 SIT (~ US$34) //PSTN or ISDN needed (extra ~US$15)
- 4096/512 kbit/s for 10.600,00 SIT (~ US$53) //PSTN or ISDN needed (extra ~US$15)
ADSL2+ (available after 1.4.2006)
- 1024/256 kbit/s for 3.990,00 SIT (~ US$20) //PSTN or ISDN needed (extra ~US$15)
- 8/1 Mbit/s for 7.790,00 SIT (~ US$39) //PSTN or ISDN needed (extra ~US$15)
- 20/1 Mbit/s for 12.990,00 SIT (~ US$65) //PSTN or ISDN needed (extra ~US$15)
T-2
VDSL
- 1024/256 kbit/s for 5.000 SIT (~ US$25) //no PSTN or ISDN needed
- 10/2 Mbit/s for 10.000 SIT (~ US$50) //no PSTN or ISDN needed
- 10/10 Mbit/s for 14.000 SIT (~ US$70) //no PSTN or ISDN needed
- 20/10 Mbit/s for 18.000 SIT (~ US$90) //no PSTN or ISDN needed
Spain ADSL arrived in Spain in 1999. The main ISPs are: - Telefónica (former state telecom monopoly).
- Terra Networks, S.A. (part of the Telefónica Group)
- Ya.com (started by jazztel, later sold to T-Online).
- Wanadoo (initally the internet branch of Uni2 Spain, it operates much like Terra, as a reseller of Telefonica ADSL services)
- Tele2 (bought Colt Telecom, offers 6 Mbit/s with Fastpath (lower latency than the usual interleaved modes used by most ISP.
- Jazztel, the first ISP to provide ADSL2+ throughout the country.
The average speed is 1024/300 kbit/s, costing €39 per month for a unmettered flat fare. This is the standard for telefonica and resellers. Faster connections up to 8 Mbit/s are available, but the price is considerably higher (€150 for 8 Mpbs). To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Terra Networks, usually referred to as Terra, is an internet multinational company with headquarters in Spain. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Headquarter in Darmstadt T-Online, a subsidiary of the Deutsche Telekom, is the biggest internet service provider in Germany. ...
Wanadoo logo Wanadoo is a French Internet Service Provider (ISP), which is a subsidiary of France Télécom. ...
Tele2 is Europes biggest alternative telecommunications operator with over 28 million customers in 24 countries. ...
Leading ISPs offer ADSL2/ADSL2+ connections from 8 to 20 Mbit/s of download and 512 to 1024 kbit/s of upload. These include Jazztel, Ya.com, Wanadoo and others. While not covering 100% of the territory, it reaches more than 33% of the population. Prices average €25 depending on the bundle.
Both Telefonica and Jazztel provide DSL based television services (Imagenio and JazzTV respectively). Some months ago, all national channels started their regular HD emmsions under the TDT brand. High-definition television (HDTV) means broadcast of television signals with a higher resolution than traditional formats (NTSC, SECAM, PAL) allow. ...
Sweden Speed: TeliaSonera AB is the result of a merger between the Swedish and Finnish telecommunications companies, Telia and Sonera. ...
- 8/1 Mbit/s in all 290 municipalities. 24/1 Mbit/s in 100 of 290 municipalities. 10/10 Mbit/s, 100/100 Mbit/s or even 1/1 Gbit/s are available in some areas.
Cost: - 400 kronor (US$57) per month
Market: - The wired market has seen large investments from for example leading investment company the Carlyle Group. Which hold 21.6% of the Bredbandsbolaget AB equity. Bredbandsbolaget have recently performed a string of acquisitions of weaker competitors. The wireless broadband market have also seen large foreign direct investments; for example Hutchison Whampoa's investments in the Scandinavian 3 (telecommunications).
The Carlyle Group is a Washington, D.C. based global private equity investment firm with approximately $40 billion of equity capital under management. ...
Hutchison Whampoa Limited (HWL, 和記黃埔有é™å…¬å¸), SEHK: 0013, of Hong Kong, is one of the largest companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. ...
3 is a mobile phone operator in Europe, Australia, Hong Kong and Israel, owned by Hutchison Whampoa. ...
Switzerland In Switzerland there are different types of ADSL and line speeds. There is ADSL for Home use with speeds from 768/128 kbit/s up to 3072/256 kbit/s upstream.
The Business offer consists of three types, ranging from 768/640 kbit/s, to the biggest version with 3072/640 kbit/s. The ADSL pricing in Switzerland is flat. Figure 1. ...
ADSL Providers in Switzerland:
- Ticinocom Ltd. ([1])
- Bluewin Ltd. ([2])
- sunrise (trademark) ([3]) owned by TDC Switzerland AG
The infrastructure is owned by Swisscom Ltd. - http://www.swisscom.com, the hard- and software of the (DSLAM's) is from Alcatel (Schweiz) Ltd. ([4]). Swisscom AG is the leading telephone company in Switzerland. ...
A digital subscriber line access multiplexer, (DSLAM) is a multiplexer located in the telephone company exchange that provides consumers access to DSL services over twisted pair copper cabling. ...
{{Infobox_Company | company_name = Alcatel| company_logo = | company_type = Public (Euronext: CGE, NYSE: ALA) | foundation = Alsace, France (1898) | location = Paris, France | key_people = Serge Tchuruk, Chairman and CEO | industry = telecommunications | products = provides hardware, software and services to telecommunications service providers and enterprises | revenue = 14. ...
United Kingdom ADSL was introduced to the UK in trial stages in the late 1990's and a commercial product was launched in 2000. In the United Kingdom, most exchanges, local loops and backhauls are owned and managed by BT Wholesale, who then sell on connectivity to ISPs, who provide the actual connectivity with the Internet (in most cases), telephone support, billing and added features. BT currently operate 5591 exchanges all over the UK with the vast majority being enabled for ADSL. Only a relative handful have not been upgraded to support ADSL products - infact it is under 100 of the smallest and most rural exchanges. Some exchanges, numbering under 1000, have been upgraded to support SDSL products. However, these exchanges are often the larger exchanges based in major towns and cities so they still cover a large proportion of the population. SDSL products are aimed more at business customers and are priced higher than ADSL services. Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) is a form of DSL, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a conventional modem can provide. ...
In the field of telecommunications, a telephone exchange (US: telephone switch) is a piece of equipment that connects phone calls. ...
In telecommunications, the local loop is the wiring between the central office (telephone exchange in British English) and the customers premises demarcation point. ...
BT Group plc (also known as British Telecommunications plc) which trades as BT (and previously as British Telecom) is the privatised UK state telecommunications operator. ...
Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL) is a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) variant with E1-like data rates (72 to 2320 kbit/s). ...
The ADSL packages available from BT Wholesale are known as IPStream Home 250, Home 500, Home 1000 and Home 2000 (contention ratio of 50:1); and Office 500, Office 1000, and Office 2000 (contention ratio of 20:1). The number in the product name indicates the downstream data rate in kilobits per second. The upstream data rate is up to 250 kbit/s for all products. In telecommunication, the term contention has the following meanings: A condition that arises when two or more data stations attempt to transmit at the same time over a shared channel, or when two data stations attempt to transmit at the same time in two-way alternate communication. ...
In telecommunications and computing, bit rate (sometimes written bitrate) is the frequency at which bits are passing a given (physical or metaphorical) point. It is quantified using the bit per second (bit/s) unit. ...
Third parties have unbundled access to the local loops and can provide other services. As such, packages are available with typical speeds of 4 Mbit/s, 8 Mbit/s or up to 24 Mbit/s downstream in certain areas. Again such products are often available on the larger city based exchanges where the potential customer base is higher in number. Local loop unbundling (LLU) is the process of allowing telecommunications operators to use the twisted-pair telephone connections from the telephone exchanges central office to the customer premises. ...
For BT Wholesale ADSL products, users initially had to live within 3.5 kilometers of the local telephone exchange to receive ADSL, but this limit was increased thanks to RADSL (Rate Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line), although users with RADSL may have a reduced upstream rate, depending on the quality of their line. There are still areas that cannot receive ADSL because of technical limitations, not least of which networks in housing areas built with aluminium cable rather than copper in the 1980s and 1990s, and areas served by optical fibre (TPON), though these are slowly being serviced with copper. A kilometer (Commonwealth spelling: kilometre), symbol: km is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 1,000 metres (from the Greek words χίλια (khilia) = thousand and μÎÏ„Ïο (metro) = count/measure). ...
Rate-adaptive DSL (RADSL) is a variation of ADSL technology. ...
In September 2004, BT Wholesale removed the line length / loss limits for 500 kbit/s ADSL, instead employing a tactic of "suck it and see" — enabling the line, then seeing if ADSL would work on it. This sometimes includes the installation of a filtered faceplate on the customer's master socket, so as to eliminate poor quality telephone extension cables inside the customer's premises which can be a source of high frequency noise.
In the past, the majority of home users used packages with 500 kbit/s (downstream) and 250 kbit/s (upstream) with a 50:1 contention ratio, typically costing between £20 and £30 per month. However BT Wholesale introduced the option of a new charging structure to ISPs which means that the wholesale service cost was the same regardless of the ADSL data rate, with charges instead being based on the amount of data transferred. Nowadays, most home users use a package whose data rate is only limited by the technical limitations of their telephone line. Most home products today (2 Mbit/s downstream) will fall in the £20-30 per month price range.
There is currently a trial in place for new services to be called "IPStream Max", which offer users higher download and upload speeds, with varying speeds based upon the capabilities of their lines.
On 31 March 2006, BT Wholesale should be making the new "IPStream Max" products generally available across most exchanges. The two new products will be "IPStream Max" and "IPStream Max Premium". Both services offers downstream data rates of up to 7.4 Mbit/s. Upstream data rates are up to 400 kbit/s for the standard product and up to 800 kbit/s for the premium product. (Whilst the maximum downstream data rate for IPStream Max is often touted as 8 Mbit/s, this is in fact misleading because, in a departure from previous practice, it actually refers to the gross ATM data rate. The maximum data rata available at the IP level is 7.4 Mbit/s; the maximum TCP payload rate — the rate you would actually see for file transfer — would be 7.2 Mbit/s.) Asynchronous Transfer Mode, or ATM for short, is a cell relay network protocol which encodes data traffic into small fixed-sized (53 byte; 48 bytes of data and 5 bytes of header information) cells instead of variable sized packets (sometimes known as frames) as in packet-switched networks (such as...
The Internet Protocol (IP) is a data-oriented protocol used for communicating data across a packet-switched internetwork. ...
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is one of the core protocols of the Internet protocol suite. ...
Contention ratios are no longer officially stated either, except that the Office products will generally see a reduced level of contention to their Home counterparts. This is the product of amalgamating Home and Office users onto a single consolidated, but larger, virtual path.
Several companies are also operating their own services using unbundled local loops, notably Bulldog Communications in the London area, and Easynet, through their consumer sister company UK Online, who have enabled exchanges all across the country, from London to Central Scotland. Because these companies do not have to conform to the same regulatory conditions as BT, they can offer products at sometimes considerably lower prices — UK Online recently announced a 512 kbit/s product for £9.99 per month. Another company, "Be", is offering speeds of up to 24 Mbit/s downstream, using ADSL2+ but this is only available on a small number of exchanges mostly in the London area. Again these products are often priced in the £20-30 per month range. Local loop unbundling (LLU) is the process of allowing telecommunications operators to use the twisted-pair telephone connections from the telephone exchanges central office to the customer premises. ...
Bulldog Communications is a UK Internet service provider, offering POTS and broadband services via Local Loop Unbundling with ADSL speeds up to 8 Mbit/s downstream and 400 kbit/s upstream. ...
This article is about the British city. ...
ITU G.992. ...
Major resources for UK broadband information are ADSLGuide and Broadband Zilla.
Since 2003 BT has been introducing SDSL to exchanges in many of the major cities. Services are currently offered at download speeds of 256 kbit/s, 512 kbit/s, 1 Mbit/s or 2 Mbit/s. Unlike ADSL, which is typically 250 kbit/s upload, SDSL upload speeds are the same as the download speed. BT usually provide a new copper pair for SDSL installs, which can be used only for the SDSL connection. SDSL is typically very expensive, but offers significantly reduced contention ratios, and in some cases, a Service Level Agreement. At present, the BT Wholesale SDSL enablement programme has stalled, most probably due to a lack of uptake.
External links
- Broadband Genie - The genie compares prices and features of the major UK broadband providers
- Broadband Zilla - UK broadband blog and comparisons
- Broadband Essentials - UK ADSL broadband price comparison
- UK Broadband Usergroup - Comprehensive news of all DSL activities in the UK
- Sam Knows - Broadband resource for the UK. Extensive information and coverage maps
- adslguide.org.uk - A beginners guide to ADSL and an independent guide to UK ADSL providers
External links - Internet world stats, worldwide Internet Usage, Population Statistics and Market Data; Miniwatts Marketing Group, Bogota
- OECD Information and Communications Policy department
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