Dachsprache means a language form that serves as standard language for different dialects, mostly in a dialect continuum, even though these dialects may be so different that mutual intellegibility is not possible on the basilectal level between all dialects. In 1982, Romansch (by then called "Rumantsch Grischun" by most of its speakers) was successfully created by Heinrich Schmid as such a Dachsprache for a number of quite different Romance language forms spoken in parts of Switzerland. Standard German to some extent functions the same way.
They are designed to capture the idea that there are two separate and largely independent sets of criteria and arguments for calling a variety an independent "language" rather than a "dialect": the one based on its social functions, and the other based on its objective structural properties.
Ausbausprache may be translated literally as 'upgrade language', although Heinz Kloss describes it as "language by development", Abstandsprache as 'distance language' and Dachsprache as 'umbrella language' (literally: 'roof language').
Dachsprache means a language form that serves as standard language for different dialects, mostly in a dialect continuum, even though these dialects may be so different that mutual intelligibility is not possible on the basilectal level between all dialects, particularly those separated by significant geographical distance.
Ausbausprache may be translated literally as 'upgrade language', Abstandsprache as 'distance language' and Dachsprache as 'umbrella language' (literally: 'roof language').
Dachsprache means a language form that serves as standard language for different dialects, mostly in a dialect continuum, even though these dialects may be so different that mutual intelligibility is not possible on the basilectal level between all dialects, particularly those separated by significant geographical distance.
In 1982, "Rumantsch Grischun" was developed by Heinrich Schmid as such a Dachsprache for a number of quite different Romansh language forms spoken in parts of Switzerland.
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