NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Dacian Wars

The Dacian Wars boobs boobs (101-102, 105-106) were two short wars between the Roman Empire and Dacia during Emperor Trajan's rule. Image File history File links RomansoldiersvsDacianwarriors. ... Births Herodes Atticus, Greek rhetoritician Ptolemy, Greek mathematician, astronomer and geographer. ... For other uses, see number 102. ... Events Roman Empire Trajan starts the second expedition against Dacia. ... For other uses, see number 106. ... Dacia, in ancient geography the land of the Daci, named by the ancient Greeks Getae, was a large district of Southeastern Europe, bounded on the north by the Carpathians, on the south by the Danube, on the west by the Tisa, on the east by the Tyras or Nistru, now... Dacian kingdom during the reign of Burebista, 82 BC The Dacians (Lat. ... The Roman Empire was a phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by an autocratic form of government. ... Decebalus, from the Trajans Column Decebalus (ruled 87-106 CE) (Decebal in Romanian) was a Dacian king. ... Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus (September 18, 53 â€“ August 9, 117), Roman Emperor (98-117), commonly called Trajan, was the second of the Five Good Emperors of the Roman Empire. ... Two battles took place at Tapae before the Dacian wars, one in 87 and one in 88. ... Combatants Dacia Roman Empire Commanders Decebalus Trajan Strength unknown unknown Casualties unknown unknown The Battle of Tapae (101) was the decisive battle of the first Dacian War, in which Roman Emperor Trajan defeated the Dacian King Decebaluss army. ... Combatants Dacia Roman Empire Commanders Decebalus Trajan Strength unknown unknown Casualties heavy heavy The battle of Adamclisi was a major battle in the first Dacian war, in the winter of 101 to 102. ... Combatants Dacia Roman Empire Commanders Decebalus Trajan The Battle for Sarmisegetusa (also spelled Sarmizegethusa), the capital of Dacia, was fough in A.D. 105. ... Births Herodes Atticus, Greek rhetoritician Ptolemy, Greek mathematician, astronomer and geographer. ... For other uses, see number 102. ... Events Roman Empire Trajan starts the second expedition against Dacia. ... For other uses, see number 106. ... The Roman Empire was a phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by an autocratic form of government. ... Dacia, in ancient geography the land of the Daci, named by the ancient Greeks Getae, was a large district of Southeastern Europe, bounded on the north by the Carpathians, on the south by the Danube, on the west by the Tisa, on the east by the Tyras or Nistru, now... Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus (September 18, 53 â€“ August 9, 117), Roman Emperor (98-117), commonly called Trajan, was the second of the Five Good Emperors of the Roman Empire. ...

Early clashes

Since the reign of Burebista, the dacians represented a threat for the Roman Empire, Caesar himself planning to begin a campaign against Dacia. In the winter of 85 to 86 the army of king Duras attacks the roman province of Moesia. The roman emperor Domitian organizes the province into Moesia Inferior and Moesia Superior, planning future attacks. The next year, in 87, Domitian orders a campaign against Dacia. The roman general Cornelius Fuscus cross the Danube into Dacia with 5 or 6 legions. The roman army is defeated at Tapae, by the dacians led by Diurpaneus / Decebal (dacian for: the brave). In 88, the roman offensive continues, the roman army, this time under the command of Tettius Iulianus defeats the dacians at Tapae. After this battle, Decebal and Domitian reach peace. Following the peace of 89, Decebal becomes a client of Rome, receiving money, craftsmen, and war machines from the Roman Empire, to defend the empire’s borders. Some historians belive this to have been an unfavourable peace for Rome. Burebista, the greatest king of Dacia, ruled between 70 BC and 44 BC. Dacian Kingdom, during the rule of Burebista, 82 BC He unified the Thracian population from Hercinica (todays Moravia) in the West, to the Bug in the East and from Northern Carpathians to Dionysopolis, choosing his capital... The Roman Empire was a phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by an autocratic form of government. ... Caesar may refer to the following: Related to Ancient Roman times Caesar (title), a title used by Roman Emperors Julius Caesar (100 BCâ€“44 BC), a famous politician and military leader He used the Caesar cipher in his military campaigns. ... Dacia, in ancient geography the land of the Daci, named by the ancient Greeks Getae, was a large district of Southeastern Europe, bounded on the north by the Carpathians, on the south by the Danube, on the west by the Tisa, on the east by the Tyras or Nistru, now... Moesia is an ancient province situated in the areas of modern Serbia and Bulgaria. ... Domitian bust in the Louvre Titus Flavius Domitianus (24 October 51 â€“ 18 September 96), commonly known as Domitian, was a Roman emperor of the gens Flavia. ... Events Roman Empire The Roman Maternus arrives in Ethiopia. ... Domitian bust in the Louvre Titus Flavius Domitianus (24 October 51 â€“ 18 September 96), commonly known as Domitian, was a Roman emperor of the gens Flavia. ... The Danube bend at VisegrÃ¡d is a popular destination of tourists The Danube (ancient Danuvius) is Europes second-longest river (after the Volga). ... Dacia, in ancient geography the land of the Daci, named by the ancient Greeks Getae, was a large district of Southeastern Europe, bounded on the north by the Carpathians, on the south by the Danube, on the west by the Tisa, on the east by the Tyras or Nistru, now... Decebalus, from the Trajans Column Decebalus (ruled 87-106 CE) (Decebal in Romanian) was a Dacian king. ... Centuries: 1st century BC - 1st century - 2nd century Decades: 0s BC - 0s - 10s - 20s - 30s - 40s - 50s - 60s - 70s - 80s - 90s - 100s Years: 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 Events Pope Clement I succeeded Pope Anacletus I Han Hedi succeeded Han Zhangdi as emperor of... Decebalus, from the Trajans Column Decebalus (ruled 87-106 CE) (Decebal in Romanian) was a Dacian king. ... Domitian bust in the Louvre Titus Flavius Domitianus (24 October 51 â€“ 18 September 96), commonly known as Domitian, was a Roman emperor of the gens Flavia. ... Decebalus, from the Trajans Column Decebalus (ruled 87-106 CE) (Decebal in Romanian) was a Dacian king. ... The Roman Empire was a phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by an autocratic form of government. ...

Causes of the two major wars Throughout the 1st century, Roman policy largely dictated that threats from neighbouring nations and provinces were to be contained promptly, following a heavy defeat at the hands of the Dacian King Decebalus's skirmishing forces. Despite some co-operation on the diplomatic front with Domitian after an abortive invasion, Decebalus continued to oppose Rome. Thus, Dacia was considered one such threat. At the time, Rome was suffering from economic difficulties largely brought on by extensive military campaigns throughout Europe, in part due to a low gold content in Roman currency brought on by Emperor Nero. Confirmed rumors of Dacian gold and other valuable trade resources in part incited the conflict. Decebalus, from Trajans Column Decebalus (ruled 87-10no6) (Decebal in Romanian) was a Dacian king. ... Domitian bust in the Louvre Titus Flavius Domitianus (24 October 51 â€“ 18 September 96), commonly known as Domitian, was a Roman emperor of the gens Flavia. ... Nero (Sabellic: strong, valiant, happy) Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (December 15, 37 â€“ June 9, 68), born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, also called Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus, was the fifth and last Roman Emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty (54â€“68). ...

As such, the new Emperor Trajan, himself an experienced soldier and tactician, began preparing for a war against Dacia.</nowiki></nowiki></nowiki></nowiki></nowiki></nowiki>

The first war

After gaining support in the Roman Senate and its blessing for war, by 101 Trajan was ready to advance on Dacia. This was a war in which the Roman military's ingenuity and engineering might were well demonstrated: a stone bridge later known as Trajan's bridge was constructed across the Danube to assist with the legionaries' advance. The Roman offensive was spearheaded by two legionary columns, marching straight to the heart of Dacia, burning towns and villages in the process. Trajan defeated a Dacian army at the Battle of Tapae, and in 102 Decebalus chose to surrender after some additional minor conflicts. The war, spanning only months, had concluded with a heroic Roman victory. boobs Births Herodes Atticus, Greek rhetoritician Ptolemy, Greek mathematician, astronomer and geographer. ... Drawings of the still-standing pillars Trajans Bridge was the first bridge built on the lower Danube river, east from the Iron Gates, near what is now the city of Drobeta-Turnu Severin, Romania and Kladovo, Serbia. ... The Danube bend at VisegrÃ¡d is a popular destination of tourists The Danube (ancient Danuvius) is Europes second-longest river (after the Volga). ... The Battle of Tapae (101) was the decisive battle of the first Dacian War, in which Roman Emperor Trajan effectively defeated Dacian King Decebaluss army. ... For other uses, see number 102. ...

The famous bridge at Drobeta was constructed in preparation for the second war. This bridge, probably the biggest at that time and centuries to come was designed by Apollodorus of Damascus and it was needed in order to reconquer Dacia since the "peace" was actually lost by the Roman empire. Decebalus got technical and military reinforcement from Trajan in order to create a powerful allied zone against the dangerous possible expeditions from the northern and eastern teritories by the already moving migrator people. The resources were, however, instead used to make Dacian Kingdom a great independent power. Drobeta-Turnu Severin is a city in Mehedinti county, Oltenia, Romania, on the left bank of the Danube, below the Iron Gates. ... Apollodorus of Damascus, a famous Greek architect, engineer, designer and sculptor, flourished during the 2nd century AD. He was a favourite of Trajan, for whom he constructed Trajans Bridge over the Danube (104) for the campaign in Dacia. ... Decebalus, from Trajans Column Decebalus (ruled 87-10no6) (Decebal in Romanian) was a Dacian king. ...

The second war

Following his subjugation, Decebal complied with Rome for a time, but was soon inciting revolt among tribes against them and pillaging Roman colonies across the Danube. True to the intrepid and optimistic nature he had become renowned for, Trajan rallied his forces once more in AD 106 for a second war against the Kingdom of Dacia. Decebalus, from the Trajans Column Decebalus (ruled 87-106 CE) (Decebal in Romanian) was a Dacian king. ... For other uses, see number 106. ...

Unlike the first conflict, the second war involved several skirmishes that proved costly to the Roman military, who, facing large numbers of allied tribes, struggled to attain a decisive victory. Eventually, however, Rome prevailed and took Dacia. An assault against the capital Sarmisegetusa took place at the beginning of the summer of 106 with the participation of the legions II ADIUTRIX and FLAVIA FELIX and a detachment (vexillatio) from Legio VI Ferrata. The Dacians repelled the first attack, but the Romans destroyed the water pipes to the Dacian capital. The city was burned to the ground. Decebal fled, but committed suicide rather than face capture. Nevertheless, the war went on. Thanks to the treason of a confidant of the Dacian king, Bicilis the Romans found Decebalus's treasure in the river of Sargesia/Sargetia - a fortune estimated by Jerome Carcopino at 165,500 kg of gold and 331,000 kg of silver. The last battle with the army of the Dacian king took place at Porolissum (Moigrad). Sarmisezetusa was the capital of Dacia - which covered almost the same territory as present-day Romania. ... Decebalus, from the Trajans Column Decebalus (ruled 87-106 CE) (Decebal in Romanian) was a Dacian king. ... Porolissum was an ancient Roman city in Dacia. ...

Conclusion and aftermath

Denarius issued by Trajan to celebrate the winning of the Dacian Wars.

Front. Text: IMP TRAIANO AVG GER DAC PM TR P COS V PP. Image: Laureate head right; the legend abbreviates as Imperator. Trajan. Augustus. Germanicus. Dacicus. Pontifex Maximus. Tribuniciae Potestate. Consul V. Pater Patriae.

Reverse. Text: SPQR OPTIMO PRINCIPI. Image: Dacian soldier wearing the Dacian peaked cap, seated on shield in mourning, with the curbed Dacian Falx (sabre) below. The reverse abbreviates Senatus Populus Que Romanus. Optimo Principi.

Trajan was notorious for the length of his inscriptions, which are the longest of the imperial series. Here, the titles actually form a continuum on both sides of the coin. It all translates as "Imperator, Trajan the Augustus, victor over the Germans and Dacians, chief priest, with the power of a tribune, consul for the fifth time, father of his country, the Senate and People of Rome: best of emperors.". - Reference: RIC II 219, BMC 175, RSC 529.

The Dacian Wars were a huge triumph for Rome and its armies. Trajan announced a total of 123 days of glorious celebrations throughout the Empire. Dacia's rich mines were secured, which provided a helpful source of finance for Rome's future campaigns and assisted the rapid expansion of Roman towns throughout Europe. Most of Dacia's civilian populace was either enslaved or killed, in part to discourage future revolts. Dacia was formally annexed. The two wars were notable victories in Rome's extensive expansionist campaigns, gaining the people's admiration and support for Trajan. The conclusion of the Dacian Wars marked a period of sustained growth and relative peace in Rome. An extensive building project was begun, which in turn improved Rome's civic infrastructure as a whole. Trajan became a true and honorable civil Emperor, thereby paving the way for further internal expansion and reinforcement within the Roman Empire as a whole. Image File history File links Trajan-denarius. ... Image File history File links Trajan-denarius. ... The word laureate or laureated has came in English to signify eminent, or associated with glory, literary or military. ... The Phrygian cap or Liberty cap is a soft conical cap with the top pulled forward, worn by the inhabitants of Phrygia, a region of central Anatolia in antiquity. ... A typical falx Falx is a latin word originally meaning sickle, but was later used to mean any of a number of tools that had a curved blade that was sharp on the inside edge such as a scythe. ...

Contents

Early clashes

The first war

The second war

Conclusion and aftermath

See also

References

Contents

Early clashes GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

The first war

The second war

Conclusion and aftermath

See also

References

Early clashes