NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Daco

Dacia, in ancient geography the land of the Daci or Getae, was a large district of Historical lands and provinces in Central Europe Central Europe is the region of Europe between Eastern Europe and Western Europe. There are no physical landmarks that would commonly be seen as its borders. Rather, it is a concept of shared history, in opposition against the East represented by the Ottoman... Central Europe, bounded on the north by the This is about the terrestrial mountain range. There is also a lunar range called the Montes Carpatus. Satellite image of the Carpathians The Carpathian Mountains are the eastern wing of the great central mountain system of Europe curving 1500 km (~900 miles) along the borders of the Czech Republic, Poland... Carpathians, on the south by the For other uses of Danube, see Danube (disambiguation). Danube in Budapest Length 2 860 km Elevation of the source 678 m Average discharge 6 400 m³/ s Area watershed 817 000 km² Origin In the Black Forest ( Germany) Mouth Black Sea ( Romania) Basin countries Romania (28.9%), Hungary... Danube, on the west by the Tisa ( The Tisza (in Hungarian, Ukrainian: Tysa/Тиса, Russian: Tisa/Тиса, Romanian, Slovak and Serbian: Tisa, German: Theiß, Latin: Tissus, Tisia or Pathissus) is a river, tributary of the Danube and one of the major rivers of Central Europe, passing through Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine... Tisza river, in The Republic of Hungary (Magyar Köztársaság) or Hungary (Magyarország) is a landlocked country in Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia. It is known locally as the Country of the Magyars. National motto: (none current) historical: Regnum... Hungary), on the east by the Tyras ( The river Dniestr (in Polish and Russian; Nistru in Romanian; Дністер, Dnister in Ukrainian; Tyras in Latin; also known as Dniester) is a river in Eastern Europe. It rises in Ukraine, near the border with Poland, and flows toward the Black Sea. For a... Dniester or Nistru, now in eastern This article refers to the Republic of Moldova. For information about the adjacent Romanian region, see Moldavia; for other uses see Moldova (disambiguation) The Republic of Moldova is a landlocked country in eastern Europe, located between Romania to the west and Ukraine to the east. Its border with Romania follows... Moldova). It thus corresponds in the main to modern Romania (formerly spelled Rumania or Roumania; Romanian: România) is a country in southeastern Europe. It is bordered by Ukraine and Moldova in the northeast, Hungary in the west and Serbia and Bulgaria to the south along the Danube river. Romania has a stretch of sea coast on the... Romania and This article refers to the Republic of Moldova. For information about the adjacent Romanian region, see Moldavia; for other uses see Moldova (disambiguation) The Republic of Moldova is a landlocked country in eastern Europe, located between Romania to the west and Ukraine to the east. Its border with Romania follows... Moldova. The capital of Dacia was Sarmizegetusa was the most important Dacian military, religious and political center. Erected on top of a crag 1200 meters high, the fortress was the core of the strategic defensive system in the Orastie Mountains, in Romania, comprising six citadels. The fortress, a quadrilateral formed by massive stone blocks (murus dacicus... Sarmisegetusa.

The inhabitants of this district are considered as belonging to the The Thracians were an Indo-European people, inhabitants of Thrace and adjacent lands (present-day Bulgaria, northeastern Greece, European Turkey, eastern Serbia and Macedonia). They spoke the Thracian language. As non-Greek speakers, they were viewed as barbarians by the Greeks. From references in ancient sources, the Thracians seem to... Thracian stock. The Dacians were known as Geton (plural The Getae was the name by which the pre-Roman ancient writers reffered to the tribes that will become the later Dacians. The Romans used predominantly the name Dacus (pl. Daci) to reffer to the Getae, but the name Getae was also employed. The Getae appears to have been a... Getae) in Greek writings, and as Dacus (plural Daci) and Getae in Roman documents; also as Dagae and Gaete — see the late Roman map Tabula Peutingeriana. Ancient writers are unanimous in considering the Getae the same as the Daci.

Geography

Dacian Kingdom, during the rule of Burebista, 82 BC

Towards the west it may originally have extended as far as the Danube where it runs from north to south at Waitzen (Vacz). This article is about Julius Caesar the Roman dictator. For alternative meanings: Julius Caesar (disambiguation). Bust of Julius Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar (Latin: C·IVLIVS·C·F·C·N·CAESAR¹) (July 13, 100 BC–March 15, 44 BC) was a Roman military and political leader whose conquest of Gallia... Julius Caesar in his About the Gallic War (De Bello Gallico), sometimes The Conquest of Gaul, is an account written by Julius Caesar about his nine years of war in Gaul. In it Caesar vividly describes the battles and intrigues that took place in the nine years he spent fighting local armies that opposed... De Bello Gallico (book 6) speaks of Hercynia forest extending along the For other uses of Danube, see Danube (disambiguation). Danube in Budapest Length 2 860 km Elevation of the source 678 m Average discharge 6 400 m³/ s Area watershed 817 000 km² Origin In the Black Forest ( Germany) Mouth Black Sea ( Romania) Basin countries Romania (28.9%), Hungary... Danube to the teritory of the Dacians. This article is about the geographer and astronomer Ptolemy. For Alexander the Greats general, see Ptolemy I of Egypt. For others named Ptolemy or Ptolemaeus, see Ptolemy (disambiguation). Claudius Ptolemaeus, given contemporary German styling, in a 16th century engraved book frontispiece Claudius Ptolemaeus (Greek: Κλαύδ... Ptolemy puts the eastern boundary of Dacia Trajana as far back as the Hierasus ( Siret is a river that rises from the Carpathians in the Northern Bukovina region of Ukraine, flows southward into Romania for 470 km before it joins Danube. In ancient times, it was named Hierasus. Tributaries Nagostina Cacaina Şomuzul Mare Moldova Bistriţa Trotuş Categories: Stub | Romanian rivers... Siret river, in modern Romania (formerly spelled Rumania or Roumania; Romanian: România) is a country in southeastern Europe. It is bordered by Ukraine and Moldova in the northeast, Hungary in the west and Serbia and Bulgaria to the south along the Danube river. Romania has a stretch of sea coast on the... Romania).

Culture

The Dacians had attained a considerable degree of civilization by the time they first became known to the Romans.

Religion

According to Herodotus was an ancient historian who lived in the 5th century BC (484 BC - c. 425 BC). He is famous for the descriptions he wrote of different places and people he met on his travels and his many books about the Persian invasion in Greece. Overview Herodotus wrote a history... Herodotus History (book 4) account of the story of Detail of the main fresco of the Aleksandrovo kurgan. The figure is identified with Zalmoxis. Zalmoxis Σάλμοξις (or Salmoxis Σάλμοξις, Zamolxis Σάμολξις, Samolxis Σάμολξ... Zalmoxis (or Zamolxis), the The Getae was the name by which the pre-Roman ancient writers reffered to the tribes that will become the later Dacians. The Romans used predominantly the name Dacus (pl. Daci) to reffer to the Getae, but the name Getae was also employed. The Getae appears to have been a... Getae (speaking the same language as the Dacians - Strabo (squinty) was a term employed by the Romans for anyone whose eyes were distorted or deformed. The father of Pompey was called Pompeius Strabo. A native of Sicily so clear sighted that he could see things at great distance as if they were nearby was also called Strabo. Strabo... Strabo) believed in the immortality of the soul, and regarded death as merely a change of country. Their chief priest held a prominent position as the representative of the supreme deity, Zalmoxis. The chief priest was also the king's chief adviser. The This article is about the contemporary goth subculture. For the Germanic peoples, see the Goths. Goth is a modern subculture that gained visibility during the early 1980s within the gothic rock scene, a sub-genre of post punk, and continues to this day. It is associated with gothic tastes in... Goth Jordanes (also Jordanis or even Iornandes, bold as a boar) was a 6th century historian in Moesia (modern Bulgaria), who provides most of the literary evidence concerning the early history of the Goths, by giving a very criticized condensation of a lost history by Cassiodorus under the title De origine... Jordanes in his The Origin and Deeds of the Goths (Latin: De origine actibusque Getarum), commonly referred to as Getica, was written by Jordanes, probably in Constantinople, and was published in AD 551. It recounts the origin and the history of the Gothic people as collected mainly from Cassiodorus, who had written a... Getica ( The Origin and Deeds of the Goths (Latin: De origine actibusque Getarum), commonly referred to as Getica, was written by Jordanes, probably in Constantinople, and was published in AD 551. It recounts the origin and the history of the Gothic people as collected mainly from Cassiodorus, who had written a... The origin and deeds of the Goths), gives account of Dicineus (Deceneus), the highest priest of Buruista ( Burebista, the greatest king of Dacia, ruled between 70 BC and 44 BC. Dacian Kingdom, during the rule of Burebista, 82 BC He unified the Thracian population from Hercinica (todays Moravia) in the West, to the Bug in the East and from Northern Carpathians to Dionysopolis, choosing his capital... Burebista).

Besides Zalmoxis, the Dacians believed in other deities such as Gebeleizis (or Nebeleizis) was the god of lightning and the horizon for the Dacians. He was represented as a handsome man, sometimes wearing a beard. The lightning and thunder were his manifestations. In the later period of the Dacians existence, Gebeleizis seems to merge with Zamolxis as the supreme god... Gebeleizis and Bendis was a Thracian goddess of the moon whom the Greeks identified with Artemis, and hence with the other two aspects of the former Minoan Triple Goddess, Hecate and Persephone. She was a huntress, like Artemis, but was accompanied by dancing satyrs and maenads on a 5th Century red-figure... Bendis.

Society

Dacians were divided into two classes: the aristocracy (tarabostes) and the common people (comati).

The aristocracy alone had the right to cover their heads and wore a felt hat (hence pileati, their Latin name). They formed a privileged class, and it is supposed they were the predecessors of the Romanian A boyar (also spelt bojar; Romanian: boier) was a member of the highest rank of the feudal Ruthenian (Russian) and Romanian aristocracy, second only to the ruling princes, from the 10th through the 17th century. Boyars in Ruthenia In the Russian language, the singular is boyarin (бояр... boyars.

The second class, who comprised the rank and file of the army, the Categories: 1911 Britannica | Historical stubs | Feudalism ... peasants and artisans, might have been called capillati (in Latin). their appearance and clothing can be seen on Trajan's Column.

Dacians had developed the Murus Dacicus, characteristic to their complexes of fortified cities, like their capital Sarmizegetusa was the most important Dacian military, religious and political center. Erected on top of a crag 1200 meters high, the fortress was the core of the strategic defensive system in the Orastie Mountains, in Romania, comprising six citadels. The fortress, a quadrilateral formed by massive stone blocks (murus dacicus... Sarmisegetusa in today Hunedoara (Hungarian: Vajdahunyad, German: Eisenmarkt) is a city in Hunedoara county, Transylvania, Romania. During the Middle Ages, the Corvins, a powerful Romanian feudal family from Transylvania part of which was King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary, founded there the most important Gothic style secular building in Romania. There are ethnic Hungarians... Hunedoara ( Romania (formerly spelled Rumania or Roumania; Romanian: România) is a country in southeastern Europe. It is bordered by Ukraine and Moldova in the northeast, Hungary in the west and Serbia and Bulgaria to the south along the Danube river. Romania has a stretch of sea coast on the... Romania). The degree of their urban development can be seen on Trajan's Column and in the account of how Sarmizegetusa was the most important Dacian military, religious and political center. Erected on top of a crag 1200 meters high, the fortress was the core of the strategic defensive system in the Orastie Mountains, in Romania, comprising six citadels. The fortress, a quadrilateral formed by massive stone blocks (murus dacicus... Sarmisegetusa was defeated by the Romans. The Romans identified and destroyed the water A pipeline is a conduit made from pipes connected end-to-end, used mostly to transport fluids like water or petroleum over long distances. The term pipeline is also often used metaphorically in computer science, electrical engineering, and general manufacturing, to describe a set of processing elements or stages arranged... pipelines of the Dacian capital, only thus beeing able to end the long siege of Sarmizegetusa was the most important Dacian military, religious and political center. Erected on top of a crag 1200 meters high, the fortress was the core of the strategic defensive system in the Orastie Mountains, in Romania, comprising six citadels. The fortress, a quadrilateral formed by massive stone blocks (murus dacicus... Sarmisegetusa.

Greek and Roman chroniclers record the defeat and capture of Lysimachus (c. 360 BC–281 BC) was a Thessalian Greek officer and successor (Diadochi) of Alexander the Great, later a king (306 BC) in Thrace and Asia Minor. Bust of Lysimachus, Selçuk, Turkey Son of Agathocles, he was a citizen of Pella in Macedonia. During Alexanders Persian... Lysimachus in the 3rd century BC by the The Getae was the name by which the pre-Roman ancient writers reffered to the tribes that will become the later Dacians. The Romans used predominantly the name Dacus (pl. Daci) to reffer to the Getae, but the name Getae was also employed. The Getae appears to have been a... Getae ( Alternate meanings: see Dacia (disambiguation) Dacia, in ancient geography the land of the Daci or Getae, was a large district of Central Europe, bounded on the north by the Carpathians, on the south by the Danube, on the west by the Tisa (Tisza river, in Hungary), on the east by... Dacians) ruled by Dromichaetes was ruler of the Getae north of Danube (present day Romania) around 300 BC. His capital was named Helis and was probably somewhere in the Romanian Plain (in Wallachia). Ancient chronicles (Diodorus Siculus, Polybius, Plutarch, Pausanias) recorded his victory over Lysimachus, King of Thracia, former general of Alexander the... Dromihete, their military strategy, and the release of Lysimachus (c. 360 BC–281 BC) was a Thessalian Greek officer and successor (Diadochi) of Alexander the Great, later a king (306 BC) in Thrace and Asia Minor. Bust of Lysimachus, Selçuk, Turkey Son of Agathocles, he was a citizen of Pella in Macedonia. During Alexanders Persian... Lysimachus following a debate in the assembly of the Getae.

The cities of the Dacians were known as Dava, Daua, Alternate meanings: see Deva (disambiguation) Deva (Hungarian: Déva, German: Diemrich) is a Romanian city situated on the left bank of the middle course of the Mureş river. It is the capital of Hunedoara county The name Deva is considered to come from the ancient Dacian word dava meaning... Deva, Deba or Daba. A list of dacian davas 1 (http://members.tripod.com/~Groznijat/thrac/thrac_8.html) :

1. In Dacia: Acidava, Argedava, Burridava, Dokidava, Carsidava, Clepidava, Cumidava, Marcodava, Netindava, Patridava, Craiova (formerly known as Krajova) is a Romanian city, the capital of the county of Dolj, situated near the left bank of the river Jiu. Craiova is the chief commercial city west of Bucharest the surrounding uplands are very rich in grain, pasturage and vegetable products, and contain extensive forests... Pelendava, *Perburidava, Petrodaua, Piroboridaua, Rhamidaua, Rusidava, Sacidava, Sangidava, Setidava, Singidava, , Tamasidava, Utidava, Zargidava, Ziridava, Sucidava – 26 names altogether.

2. In Lower Moesia (the present Northern The Republic of Bulgaria is a republic in the southeast of Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the east, Greece and Turkey to the south, Serbia and Montenegro and the Republic of Macedonia to the west, and Romania to the north along the river Danube. National motto: Съ... Bulgaria) and Scythia minor ( Dobruja or sometimes Dobrudja (Dobrogea in Romanian, Dobrudzha in Bulgarian, Dobruca in Turkish) is the territory between the lower Danube river and the Black Sea, which includes the Danube Delta and the Romanian sea-shore. Northern Dobruja (Dobrogea) belongs to Romania, Southern Dobruja (in Romanian, Cadrilater) to Bulgaria. Map of... Dobrudja): Aedeba, *Buteridava, *Giridava, Dausadava, Kapidaua, Murideba, Sacidava, Scaidava (Skedeba), Sagadava, Sukidaua (Sucidava) – 10 names in total.

3. In Upper Moesia (the districts of Nish, Sofia, and partly Kjustendil): Aiadaba, Bregedaba, Danedebai, Desudaba, Itadeba, Kuimedaba, Zisnudeba – 7 names in total.

Gil-doba, a village in Thrace is a historical and geographic area in south-east Europe spread over southern Bulgaria, north-eastern Greece, and European Turkey. Thrace borders on three seas: the Black Sea, the Aegean Sea and the Sea of Marmara. Classical Thrace and environs, from Alexander G. Findlays Classical Atlas to Illustrate... Thracia, of unknown location.

Thermi-daua, a town in Dalmatia ( Croatian Dalmacija, Italian Dalmazia, Serbian Далмација) is a region of Croatia on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, spreading between the island of Pag in the northwest and the Bay of Kotor in the southeast. The inner Dalmatia (Dalmatinska Zagora... Dalmatia. A Grecized form of *Germidava perhaps.

Pulpu-deva, (Phillipopolis) today Ancient Theater, Plovdiv International Fair, Plovdiv Plovdiv is a city in Bulgaria and the capital of the Plovdiv Oblast (district). With a population of 376 785 (15 of September 2004), it is the countrys second largest city (after the capital, Sofia). The population is predominantly Bulgarian, though there is... Plovdiv in The Republic of Bulgaria is a republic in the southeast of Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the east, Greece and Turkey to the south, Serbia and Montenegro and the Republic of Macedonia to the west, and Romania to the north along the river Danube. National motto: Съ... Bulgaria.

Occupations

The chief occupations of Dacians were Farming, ploughing rice paddy, in Indonesia Agriculture is the process of producing food, feed, fiber and other desired products by cultivation of certain plants and the raising of domesticated animals ( livestock). Agriculture is also known as farming. More people in the world are involved in agriculture as their primary economic... agriculture, Beekeeping (or apiculture) is the maintenance of one or more hives of honeybees. A beekeeper is one who keeps bees in order to collect honey and beeswax or for the purpose of pollinating crops. A location where bees are kept is called an apiary. History of beekeeping Beekeeping one of... apiculture, Viticulture (from the Latin word for vine) refers to the cultivation of grapes, often for use in the production of wine. It is one branch of the science of agriculture. Categories: Stub ... viticulture, Sheep are commonly bred as livestock. Livestock refers to domesticated animals, that may be kept or raised in pens, houses, pastures, or on farms as part of an agricultural or farming operation, whether for commerce or private use. The process of breeding, raising and caring for livestock is known as... livestock, The word ceramic is derived from Greek, and in its strictest sense refers to clay in all its forms. However, modern usage of the term broadens the meaning to include all inorganic non_metallic materials. Up until the 1950s or so, the most important of these were the traditional clays, made... ceramics and Metalworking is the craft and practice of working with metals to create parts or structures. It requires skill and the use of many different types of tools, including: Hand Tools File Hacksaw Height gauge Scriber Taps and Dies Machine Tools Bandsaw Brake (box and pan) CNC Drill Flypress Grinding wheel... metal working. The Roman Province Dacia is represented on Roman The sestertius was an ancient Roman coin. During the Roman Republic it was a small silver coin and during the Roman Empire it was a large bronze coin. The name sestertius is a combination of semis, meaning half, and tres, meaning three, which when combined with an adjectival termination means... Sestertius (coin) as a woman seated on a rock, holding aquila, a small child on her knee holding ears of grain, and a small child seated before her holding grapes.

They also worked the gold and silver mines of Transylvania ( Romanian: Transilvania or Ardeal, Hungarian: Erdély, German: Siebenbürgen, Serbian: Transilvanija, Turkish: Erdel, Slovak: Sedmohradsko or Transylvania, Polish: Siedmiogród) is a historic region that forms the western and the central parts of Romania. Geography Map of Romania with Transylvania in yellow Transylvania comprises the... Transylvania. They carried on a considerable outside trade, as is shown by the number of foreign coins found in the country. see Decebalus Treasure

Language

Main article: The Dacian language was an Indo-European language spoken by the ancient people of Dacia and it is a source of dispute about its origin and characteristics. While there are almost no written documents in Dacian, we can find out about it from: the toponyms, hydronyms, personal names (including names... Dacian language

The characteristics of the The Dacian language was an Indo-European language spoken by the ancient people of Dacia and it is a source of dispute about its origin and characteristics. While there are almost no written documents in Dacian, we can find out about it from: the toponyms, hydronyms, personal names (including names... Dacian language are still disputed, due to insufficient archaeological evidence.

History

Political entities

Download high resolution version (2038x1677, 721 KB)Classical Balkans: from Map from rothers Publishers, New York, 1849A Classical Atlas to Illustrate Ancient Geography, Alexander G. Findlay, Harper and B ros. NY 1849 The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United...

Classical Dacia and environs, from Alexander G. Findlay's Classical Atlas to Illustrate Ancient Geography, New York, 1849

A kingdom of Dacia was in existence at least as early as the beginning of the (3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - other centuries) (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium AD) Events BC 168 Battle of Pydna -- Macedonian phalanx defeated by Romans BC 148 Rome conquers Macedonia BC 146 Rome destroys Carthage in the Third Punic War BC 146 Rome conquers... 2nd century BC under a king, Oroles. Conflicts with the Bastarnae, the easternmost people of the Germanic tribes. They are said to have been among the first East Germanic tribes to have emigrated from Scandinavia and as early as the 8th century BC[1]. They were consequently among the first Germanic tribes to come into contact with the ancient world... Bastarnae and the Romans ( Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 160s BC 150s BC 140s BC 130s BC 120s BC - 110s BC - 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC Years: 117 BC 116 BC 115 BC 114 BC 113 BC - 112 BC - 111 BC 110 BC... 112 BC- Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 150s BC 140s BC 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC - 100s BC - 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC Years: 114 BC 113 BC 112 BC 111 BC 110 BC - 109 BC - 108 BC 107 BC... 109 BC, Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 120s BC 110s BC 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC - 70s BC - 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC Years: 79 BC 78 BC 77 BC 76 BC 75 BC - 74 BC - 73 BC 72 BC 71... 74 BC), against whom they had assisted the Scordisci were, in ancient geography, a Celtic tribe inhabiting the southern part of lower Pannonia between the Savus, Dravus and Danube. Some Roman authorities consider them a Thracian stock, because of their admixture with an older Thraco-Illyrian population. As early as 175 BC they came into collision with the... Scordisci and The Dardani were an ancient Indo-European tribe that lived in Dardania and was likely of mixed Illyrian-Thracian descent. They are sometimes referred to as a Celtic tribe as well. The word dardan appears to be found in the toponymy of both the Illyrians (Dardi, Dardani) and the Thracians... Dardani, had greatly weakened the resources of the Dacians.

Under Burebista, the greatest king of Dacia, ruled between 70 BC and 44 BC. Dacian Kingdom, during the rule of Burebista, 82 BC He unified the Thracian population from Hercinica (todays Moravia) in the West, to the Bug in the East and from Northern Carpathians to Dionysopolis, choosing his capital... Burebista (Boerebista), a contemporary of This article is about Julius Caesar the Roman dictator. For alternative meanings: Julius Caesar (disambiguation). Bust of Julius Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar (Latin: C·IVLIVS·C·F·C·N·CAESAR¹) (July 13, 100 BC–March 15, 44 BC) was a Roman military and political leader whose conquest of Gallia... Julius Caesar, who thoroughly reorganized the army and raised the moral standard of the people, the limits of the kingdom were extended to their maximum. The Bastarnae and Boii is a name for 3 ancient Celtic tribes living in: Transalpine Gaul, modern France Cisalpine Gaul, or northern Italy Bohemia, Moravia and western Slovakia The European region of Bohemia most likely derives its name from the early Celtic people known as the Boii. Historians in the 19th and earlier... Boii were conquered, and even the Greek towns of For Pontic Olbia, the Greek colony on the Black Sea coast, see Olbia, Ukraine. Olbia (locally Terranoa in the Sardinian language or Tarranoa in Gallurese), is a town of approximately 40,000 inhabitants in northeastern Sardinia (Italy), in the Gallura sub-region. Called Olbia in the Roman age, Civita in... Olbia and There have been several places called Apollonia: An ancient Roman city in Illyria near to the sea and the river Vjosa, 12 km from Fier, Albania. Apollonia was a local hub for travelers and tradesmen, and a center of learning. The emperor Macedonia alongst the Via Egnatia, midway on route... Apollonia on the Black Sea - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes.css; @import /skins/monobook/IE55Fixes.css; @import /skins/monobook/IE60Fixes.css; /**/ Black Sea From Wikipedia Satellite view of the Black Sea, taken by NASA MODIS Cities of the Black Sea The Black Sea (known as the Euxine Sea in the antiquity) is an... Black Sea (Pontus Euxinus) recognised Burebista, the greatest king of Dacia, ruled between 70 BC and 44 BC. Dacian Kingdom, during the rule of Burebista, 82 BC He unified the Thracian population from Hercinica (todays Moravia) in the West, to the Bug in the East and from Northern Carpathians to Dionysopolis, choosing his capital... Burebista's authority.

Indeed the Dacians appeared so formidable that Caesar contemplated an expedition against them; something his death prevented. About the same time, Burebista was murdered, and the kingdom was divided into four (or five) parts under separate rulers. One of these was Cotiso, whose daughter Augustus (plural Augusti) is Latin for majestic or venerable. Although the use of the cognomen Augustus as part of ones name is generally understood to identify the Roman Emperor, this is somewhat misleading; Augustus was the most significant name associated with the Emperor, but it did not actually represent... Augustus is said to have desired to marry and to whom Augustus betrothed his own five-year-old daughter Julia. He is well known from the line in For other people named Horace, see Horace (disambiguation). Quintus Horatius Flaccus, (December 8, 65 BC - November 27, 8 BC) known in the English world as Horace was the leading lyric poet in Latin. Horace was the son of a freedman, but himself born free. His father spent considerable money on... Horace (Occidit Daci Cotisonis agmen, Odes, III. 8. 18)

The Dacians are often mentioned under Augustus, according to whom they were compelled to recognize Roman supremacy. However they were by no means subdued, and in later times seized every opportunity of crossing the frozen Danube during the winter and ravaging the Roman cities in the province of In ancient geography, Moesia was a district inhabited by a Thracian people. It was bounded on the south by the mountain ranges of Haemus and Scardus (Scordus, Scodrus), on the west by the Drinus, on the north by the Danube and on the east by the Euxine. It thus corresponded... Moesia.

Roman Conquest

From A.D. For other uses, see number 85. Centuries: 1st century BC - 1st century - 2nd century Decades: 0s BC - 0s _ 10s - 20s - 30s _ 40s - 50s - 60s _ 70s - 80s - 90s - 100s Years: 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 Events Dacians under Decebalus engaged in two... 85 to For other uses, see number 89. Centuries: 1st century BC - 1st century - 2nd century Decades: 0s BC - 0s _ 10s - 20s - 30s _ 40s - 50s - 60s _ 70s - 80s - 90s - 100s Years: 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 Events First year of Yongyuan era of... 89, the Dacians were engaged in two wars with the Romans, under Duras or Diurpaneus, and the great Decebalus, from the Trajans Column Decebalus (ruled 87-106 CE) (Decebal in Romanian) was a Dacian king. After the death of Great King Burebista, Dacia split into four or five small states. The situation continued until Decebalus managed to consolidate the core of Dacia around Sarmizegetusa in today Hunedoara... Decebalus.

After two severe reverses, the Romans, under Tettius Iullianus, gained a signal advantage, but were obliged to make peace owing to the defeat of Titus Flavius Domitianus (24 October 51 – 18 September 96), commonly known as Domitian, was a Roman emperor. He was the son of Vespasian, by his wife Domitilla, and brother of Titus, whom he succeeded in 81. Early life Domitian was born in Rome while his father was still a... Domitian by the The Marcomanni were a Germanic people, probably related to the Suebi or Suevi. Their name derives from old Germanic forms of March (frontier) and Men. Drusus attacked them in 9 BC, forcing them into present-day Bohemia. In that region their king Maroboduus established a powerful kingdom that Augustus perceived... Marcomanni. Decebalus restored the arms he had taken and some of the prisoners. Nevertheless, the Dacians were really left independent, as is shown by the fact that Domitian agreed to purchase immunity by the payment of an annual tribute.

To put an end to this disgraceful arrangement, or perhaps to restore the finances of the Roman Empire by capturing the famous Treasure of Decebalus, Emperor Trajan Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus (September 18, 53 - August 9, 117), Roman Emperor (98 - 117), commonly called Trajan, was the second of the so-called five good emperors of the Roman Empire. Under his rule, the empire reached its greatest territorial extent. Trajan was the son of M. Ulpius... Trajan resolved to conquer Dacia, thus gaining control over the Dacian goldmines of Transylvania. The result of his first campaign ( For other uses, see number 101. Events Roman emperor Trajan starts an expedition against Dacia. Epictetus writes and publishes The Discourses. The Chinese (Tibetan) introduce their Buddhist Religion into Indonesia. Deaths Gan Ying, an envoy of the Han dynasty in China who learned about Ta Tsin (the Roman Empire... 101- For other uses, see number 102. Events Trajan returns to Rome after a successful campaign against Dacia. Trajan divides Pannonia into two portions sometime between this year and 107. Deaths Pope Clement I (traditional date) Categories: 102 ... 102) was the siege of the Dacian capital Sarmizegetusa was the most important Dacian military, religious and political center. Erected on top of a crag 1200 meters high, the fortress was the core of the strategic defensive system in the Orastie Mountains, in Romania, comprising six citadels. The fortress, a quadrilateral formed by massive stone blocks (murus dacicus... Sarmizegetusa and the occupation of a part of the country. The second campaign (-1... 105- For other uses, see number 106. Events Trajan defeats king Decebalus of Dacia (Romania). Dacia becomes a Roman province. Petra becomes part of the Roman Empire. Aelian writes his Taktike Theoria (probable date). Change of Han Hedi to Han Shangdi of the Chinese Eastern Han Dynasty. First and the only... 106) achieved the suicide of Decebalus, and the conquest of the territory that was to form the A Roman province (Latin, provincia, pl. provinciae) was the largest territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empires foreign possessions (beyond the Italian peninsula). (The word province in modern English therefore has its origins in the term employed by the Romans.) Provinces were generally governed by politicians of senatorial... Roman province Dacia Traiana. The history of the war is given in Dio Cassius Cocceianus (155–after 229), known in English as Dio Cassius or Cassius Dio, was a noted Roman historian and public servant. The son of Cassius Apronianus, a Roman senator, he was born at Nicaea in Bithynia. His true name was Cassius, but he assumed the other two... Dio Cassius, but the best commentary upon it is the famous Column of Trajan in The Roman Colosseum Rome (Italian and Latin Roma) is the capital city of Italy, and of its Lazio region. It is located on the lower Tiber river, near the Mediterranean Sea, at 41°50N, 12°15E. The Vatican City State, a sovereign enclave within Rome, is the seat... Rome.

Roman rule

Map of the Roman provinces Pannonia, Dalmatia, Moesia, and Dacia

The Roman or Romans has several meanings, primarily related to the Roman citizens, but also applicable to typography, math, and a commune. Roman The noun Roman means a citizen of Rome. The adjective Roman means pertaining or related to Rome. The name Romans in historical texts often refers to the three... Roman Province is a name for a secondary, or subnational entity of government in most countries. In some countries an alternative term is used, such as state (in Australia and the United States), department (in France), or region (in Italy, where a province is a subdivision within a region, making it... province Dacia was limited to Transylvania ( Romanian: Transilvania or Ardeal, Hungarian: Erdély, German: Siebenbürgen, Serbian: Transilvanija, Turkish: Erdel, Slovak: Sedmohradsko or Transylvania, Polish: Siedmiogród) is a historic region that forms the western and the central parts of Romania. Geography Map of Romania with Transylvania in yellow Transylvania comprises the... Transylvania, Banat (Hungarian: Bánát or Bánság, German: Banat) is a region in Southeastern Europe divided among three countries: the eastern part belongs to Romania (the counties of Timiş and Caraş-Severin), the western part to Serbia-Montenegro (the Serbian Banat, mostly included in the Vojvodina... Banat and Categories: Stub | Romanian historical regions ... Oltenia. It was under a governor of The Praetorian Guard (sometimes Prætorian Guard) (in Latin: praetoriani) comprised a special force of bodyguards used by Roman emperors. Before them it was used by warlords, back at least to the Scipio family -- around 275 BC. History The term Praetorian came from the tent of the legate of a... praetorian rank, and Legio XIII Gemina with numerous auxiliaries had their fixed quarters in the province. Due to a decrease in population of the conquered territory, caused by the recent Dacian Wars and consequent flight of many Dacians north of Carpathian mountains, colonists were imported to cultivate the land and work the mines alongside the Dacian population that can be seen on Trajan's Column submitting to Trajan during the Dacian Wars. The Romans built forts as a protection against the attacks of the Rhoxolani were Sarmatian tribes that migrated in the 3rd and 4th century BC from the territories north of Azov Sea toward the Danube, in what is now the Baragan steppes in Romania. They were defeated in the Crimea by Diophantus, general of Mithradates, circa 100 BC, and by the Romans... Roxolani, For a municipality of Brazil, see Buri, São Paulo In Norse mythology, Buri (also Búri, Bur) was the god formed by the cow Audumla licking the salty ice of Ginnungagap. He was the father of Bor and grandfather of the Aesir. Categories: Norse gods ... Buri, The Alans or Alani were an Iranian nomadic group among the Sarmatian people, warlike nomadic pastoralists of mixed backgrounds, who spoke an Iranian language and shared, in a broad sense, a common culture. Early Alans The first mentions of names that historians link with Alani appear almost at the same... Alanni, The Carpi or Carpians were a Dacian tribe that were originally located on the Eastern slopes of the Carpathian Mountains, in what is now the Bacău county, Romania. Name Their name (Carpi) seems to be connected to the place where they lived, meaning rock or mountain. (cf. Albanian... Carpians and free Dacians, and constructed three great military roads to unite the chief towns. A fourth road, named after Trajan, traversed the Carpathians and entered Transylvania by the Turnu Rosu pass.

The chief towns of the province were Colonia Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa (today Sarmizegetusa, Hunedoara (Hungarian: Vajdahunyad, German: Eisenmarkt) is a city in Hunedoara county, Transylvania, Romania. During the Middle Ages, the Corvins, a powerful Romanian feudal family from Transylvania part of which was King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary, founded there the most important Gothic style secular building in Romania. There are ethnic Hungarians... Hunedoara county, Romania), Alba Iulia (Hungarian: Gyulafehérvár, German: Karlsburg) is a city in Alba county, Transylvania, Romania with a population of 66,369, located on the Mureş river. The city consists of two parts: the upper town (the citadel) was constructed by the Charles VI of the Holy Roman Empire... Apulum (today Alba Iulia (Hungarian: Gyulafehérvár, German: Karlsburg) is a city in Alba county, Transylvania, Romania with a population of 66,369, located on the Mureş river. The city consists of two parts: the upper town (the citadel) was constructed by the Charles VI of the Holy Roman Empire... Alba-Iulia, Romania with Alba county highlighted Alba (Hungarian: Fehér) is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Transylvania region, with the capital city at Alba Iulia (population: 72,405). Its common abbreviation is AB. Demographics In 2001, it had a population of 394,959 and the population density was 63... Alba county), Napoca (today Map of Romania showing Cluj_Napoca Cluj_Napoca (Hungarian: Kolozsvár, German: Klausenburg, Latin: Claudiopolis), the seat of Cluj county, is one of the most important academic, cultural and industrial centers in Romania. Regarded as the historic capital of Transylvania, the city is located in northwestern Romania, and is approximately 320 km... Cluj-Napoca, Administrative map of Romania with Cluj county highlighted Cluj (Hungarian: Kolozs; German: Klausenburg) is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Transylvania region, with the capital city at Cluj-Napoca (population: 333,607). Its common abbreviation is CJ. Demographics In 2000, it had a population of 724,605 and the... Cluj county) and Potaissa (today Turda (Hungarian: Torda, German: Thorenburg) (population: 55,770) is a city in Cluj county, Romania situated on the Arieş river. History Founded as a Dacian city under the name Dierna, it was conquered by the Romans, the castrum settled here was named Potaissa and became a municipium, then a... Turda, Cluj county). The Dacians adopted the religion and language of the conquerors - the modern Romanian (limba română ) is an Eastern Romance language, spoken by about 28 million people, most of them in Romania, Moldova (where it is the official language) and nearby countries. History The Romanian territory was inhabited in ancient times by the Dacians, an Indo-European people. They were defeated... Romanian language being a The Romance languages, also called Romanic languages, are a subfamily of the Italic languages, specifically the descendants of the Vulgar Latin dialects spoken by the common people evolving in different areas after the break-up of the Roman Empire. Latin itself is considered an Italic but not a Romance language... Romance language.

In Events Change of Patriarch of Constantinople from Patriarch Diogenes to Patriarch Eleutherius. Births Deaths Categories: 129 ... 129 Emperor Hadrian Publius Aelius Traianus Hadrianus (January 24, 76 - July 10, 138), known as Hadrian in English, was a Roman emperor from 117 - 138. Hadrian was born in Italica, Hispania, to a well-established settler family. He was a distant relative of his predecessor Trajan. Trajan never officially designated a... Hadrian divided Dacia into Dacia Superior and Dacia Inferior, the former comprising Transylvania and the latter Little Walachia or Oltenia. Marcus Aurelius Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (April 26, 121 - March 17, 180) was Roman Emperor from 161 to his death in 180. He was born Marcus Annius Catilius Severus, and at marriage took the name Marcus Annius Verus. When he was named Emperor, he was given the name... Marcus Aurelius redivided it into three (tres Daciae): Porolissensis, from the chief town Porolissum (near Moigrad, Administrative map of Romania with Sălaj county highlighted Sălaj (Hungarian: Szilágy) is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Transylvania region, with the capital city at Zalău (population: 71,580). Its common abbreviation is SJ. Demographics In 2000, it had a population of... Salaj county), Apulensis from Apulum and Malvensis from Malva (site unknown). The tres Daciae formed a single society insofar as they had a common capital, Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa, and a common In politics, a Diet is a formal deliberative assembly. The term is derived from Medieval Latin dietas, and ultimately comes from the Latin dies, day. The word came to be used in this sense because these assemblies met on a daily basis. Historic uses In this sense, it commonly refers... diet, which discussed provincial affairs, formulated complaints and adjusted the incidence of taxation. However, in other respects they were practically independent provinces, each under an ordinary procurator, subordinate to a governor of consular rank.

After the Dacian Wars, Dacians were recruited into the Soldiers of the Roman Army (on manoeuvres in Nashville, Tennessee) Rome was a militarized state whose history was often closely entwined with its military history over the 1228 years that the Roman state is traditionally said to have existed. The core of Roman military history is the account of its... Roman Army, and were employed in the construction and guarding of Hadrian's Wall in The word Britain is used to refer to the United Kingdom (UK) the island of Great Britain, which consists of the countries of England, Scotland, and Wales sometimes the Roman province called Britain or Britannia The word British generally means belonging to or associated with Britain in either of the... Britain, or elsewhere in the The Roman Empire is not the Holy Roman Empire (843-1806). Roman Empire between AD 60 and 400 with major cities. During this time only Dacia and Mesopotamia were added to the Empire but were lost before 300. The Roman Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Roman... Roman Empire. Several Cohors Primae Dacorum (first A cohort was a sub-division of the Roman infantry, originally of a Roman legion, consisting of 480 men, itself divided in 6 centurias commanded each by a centurion. In the Imperial Roman auxiliary forces, there were individual cohorts of 500 (quingenaria), and 1000 (miliaria), as well as mixed infantry... cohort of Dacians) and Alae ( The American Library Association represents librarians in the United States. It has approximately 64,000 members. It was founded in 1876 in Philadelphia and chartered in 1879 in Massachusetts. Its head office is in Chicago. Its mission is to provide leadership for the development, promotion, and improvement of library and... Ala) Dacorum fighting in the ranks of the Legion can refer to: A Roman legion A Polish Legion A Foreign Legion Legion, a X-Men character. Legion (model), a computer programming model Legion (demon) Wiktionary has a definition of: Legion This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the... Legion were stationed in Alternate meanings: see Deva (disambiguation) Deva (Hungarian: Déva, German: Diemrich) is a Romanian city situated on the left bank of the middle course of the Mureş river. It is the capital of Hunedoara county The name Deva is considered to come from the ancient Dacian word dava meaning... Deva ( This article is about Chester in England. For other towns named after Chester see Chester (disambiguation). Chester is the county town of Cheshire in the north-west of England, close to the border with Wales. It is one of the best-preserved walled cities in the country. It is situated... Chester), Vindolanda was a Roman auxiliary fort located just south of Hadrians Wall in northern England, near the border with Scotland, guarding the Roman road from the River Tyne, to the Solway Firth, now known as the Stanegate. The garrison were auxiliary infantry or cavalry units, not components of Roman... Vindolanda ( The Stanegate, or stone road, was an important Roman road in ancient Britain. Its route was west-to-east, approximately from Carlisle to Corbridge. The route of Hadrians Wall was based upon the road. See also Roman Britain Roman roads in Britain Categories: Roman roads | Northumberland | Cumbria | Stub ... Stanegate) and Camboglana (Birdoswald), in Britain. The Antonine Column of Marcus Aurelius Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (April 26, 121 - March 17, 180) was Roman Emperor from 161 to his death in 180. He was born Marcus Annius Catilius Severus, and at marriage took the name Marcus Annius Verus. When he was named Emperor, he was given the name... Marcus Aurelius and the Arch of Galerius on a coin Galerius Maximianus (c. 250 - 5 May 311), formally Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus, Roman emperor from 305 to 311, was born near Serdica - the capital of Dacia Aureliana. He originally followed his fathers occupation, that of a herdsman, where he got his surname of Armentarius (Lat... Galerius depict the Dacian Cohors and their characteristic The Phrygian cap or Liberty cap is a soft conical cap with the top pulled forward, worn by the inhabitants of Phrygia, a region of central Anatolia in antiquity. In vase-paintings and other Greek art, the Phrygian cap serves to identify the Trojan hero Paris as non-Greek; Roman... Phrygian Cap and Reproduction of a Parthian warrior as depicted on Trajans Column The Parthian Empire was the dominating force on the Iranian plateau beginning in the late 3rd century BCE, and intermittently controlled Mesopotamia between ca 190 BCE and 224 CE. Origins Bust of Parthian soldier, Esgh-abad Museum, Turkmenia. The... Parthian This article is about Draco, the Greek lawgiver from Athens. For other Dracos see Draco (disambiguation). Draco was the first lawgiver of ancient Athens, Greece. His laws, written in 621 BC when he was archon eponymous, were particularly harsh, as the death penalty was the punishment for even minor offenses... Draco Standard. The English word For the typographical mark, see dagger (typography). . Dagger is also a track from Slowdives Souvlaki. Modern dagger fashioned after the kind which became popular in the 17th century, shaped like a medieval sword. A dagger is essentially double-edged knife, where the tang is placed along the center line... dagger might come from Vulgar Latin (in Latin, sermo vulgaris) is a blanket term covering the vernacular dialects of the Latin language spoken mostly in the western provinces of the Roman Empire until those dialects, diverging still further, evolved into the early Romance languages — a distinction usually assigned to about the ninth century... Vulgar Latin daca, a Dacian knife.

Roman withdrawal

The Roman hold on the country was still precarious. Indeed it is said that Emperor Hadrian Publius Aelius Traianus Hadrianus (January 24, 76 - July 10, 138), known as Hadrian in English, was a Roman emperor from 117 - 138. Hadrian was born in Italica, Hispania, to a well-established settler family. He was a distant relative of his predecessor Trajan. Trajan never officially designated a... Hadrian, conscious of the difficulty of retaining it, had contemplated its abandonment and was only deterred by consideration for the safety of the numerous Roman settlers.

During the reign of Gallienus depicted on a lead seal. Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus (218-268) ruled the Roman Empire as co-emperor with his father Valerian from 253 to 260, and then as the sole Roman Emperor from 260 to 268. He took control of the empire at a time when it was... Gallienus (256), the This article is about the Germanic tribes. For the late 20th century youth subculture, see Goth. Gothic has various other applications, some of them relating to Goths. The Goths were an East Germanic tribe which according to their own traditions originated in Scandinavia (specifically Götaland and Gotland). They... Goths crossed the Carpathians and drove the Romans from Dacia, with the exception of a few fortified places between the The Timiş river (Hungarian: Temes, Serbian: Tamiš) is a river rising in the Semenic Mountains, southern Carpathian Mountains, Caraş-Severin county, Romania. It flows through the Banat region and flows into the Danube at Pančevo, in northern Serbia. The cities Caransebeş, Lugoj and Timi... Timis (river) and the Danube. No details of the event are recorded, and the chief argument in support of the statement in Rufius Festus that "under the Emperor Gallienus Dacia was lost" is the sudden cessation of Roman inscriptions and coins in the country after 256.

Coin (antoninianus) of Aurelian Lucius Domitius Aurelianus (214–275), known in English as Aurelian, Roman Emperor (270–275), was the second of several highly successful soldier_emperors who helped the Roman Empire regain its power during the latter part of the third century and the beginning of the fourth... Aurelian (270-275), confronted with the secession of Galia is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. Its latitude is 22.9/22°1729 S and the longitude is 49.55/49°3310 W. The population in 2004 is 7,364, the area is 356.73 km² The elevation is 561 m... Galia and Hispania was the name given by the Romans to the Iberian Peninsula, and to two of the three provinces they created there: Hispania Baetica and Hispania Tarraconensis (the third being Lusitania). See also al-Andalus (Muslim Medieval Spain) Hispania Citerior Hispania Ulterior Hispania Baetica Hispania Tarraconensis Gallaecia Iberia Iberians and... Hispania from the Empire since 260, with the advance of the Reproduction of a Parthian warrior as depicted on Trajans Column The Parthian Empire was the dominating force on the Iranian plateau beginning in the late 3rd century BCE, and intermittently controlled Mesopotamia between ca 190 BCE and 224 CE. Origins Bust of Parthian soldier, Esgh-abad Museum, Turkmenia. The... Parthians in Asia and the devastations that the The Carpi or Carpians were a Dacian tribe that were originally located on the Eastern slopes of the Carpathian Mountains, in what is now the Bacău county, Romania. Name Their name (Carpi) seems to be connected to the place where they lived, meaning rock or mountain. (cf. Albanian... Carpians and the This article is about the Germanic tribes. For the late 20th century youth subculture, see Goth. Gothic has various other applications, some of them relating to Goths. The Goths were an East Germanic tribe which according to their own traditions originated in Scandinavia (specifically Götaland and Gotland). They... Goths had done into Moesia and Illyria, abandoned the province of Dacia created by Emperor Trajan Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus (September 18, 53 - August 9, 117), Roman Emperor (98 - 117), commonly called Trajan, was the second of the so-called five good emperors of the Roman Empire. Under his rule, the empire reached its greatest territorial extent. Trajan was the son of M. Ulpius... Trajan and withdrew the troops altogether, fixing the Roman frontier at the Danube. A new Dacia Aureliana was reorganised south of Danube river, with its capital at Serdica (today National Theatre, Sofia Alexander Nevski Cathedral The city of Sofia (Bulgarian: София), at the foot of the Vitosha mountain, has a population of 1,208,930 (2003), and is the capital of the Republic of Bulgaria. History Founded 8th B.C., Sofia is the second oldest... Sofia the capital of The Republic of Bulgaria is a republic in the southeast of Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the east, Greece and Turkey to the south, Serbia and Montenegro and the Republic of Macedonia to the west, and Romania to the north along the river Danube. National motto: Съ... Bulgaria). Later on, Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletian (245-313 AD/CE), born Diocles, was Roman Emperor from November 20, 284 to May 1, 305. Emperor Diocletian on a period coin An Illyrian of low birth, born in the city that for a long time carried his name- Dioclea (todays Podgorica, Serbia and... Diocletian and Constantine. Head of the colossal statue. Musei Capitolini, Rome Flavius Valerius Constantinus (February 27, 272–May 22, 337), commonly known as Constantine I or Constantine the Great, was proclaimed Augustus by his troops on July 25, 306 and ruled an ever-growing portion of the Roman Empire to his... Constantine reorganised the provinces Dacia Mediteranea, Moesia Inferior, Dardania in Greek mythology is the name of a city founded on Mount Ida by Dardanus from which also the region and the people took their name. From Dardanus grandson Tros the people gained the additional name of Trojans and the region gained the additional name Troad. Tros son Ilus... Dardania, Prevalitania and Dacia Ripensis into In some Christian churches, the diocese is an administrative territorial unit governed by a bishop, sometimes also referred to as a bishopric or episcopal see, though more often the term episcopal see means the office held by the bishop. In the Roman Catholic Church, the Church of England and the... Diocese of Dacia, which along with Macedonia formed the The term prefecture has been used to denote a self-governing body or area since the time of Constantine I, who divided the Roman Empire into 4 districts (each divided into dioceses). Much like a state or city, these were largely self-governed; however each owed allegiance to Rome. A... Prefecture of Illyricum.

The abandonment of Dacia Trajana by the Romans is mentioned by Eutropius in his BREVIARIVM LIBER NONVS, book IX :

Provinciam Daciam, quam Traianus ultra Danubium fecerat, intermisit, vastato omni Illyrico et Moesia, desperans eam posse retinere, abductosque Romanos ex urbibus et agris Daciae in media Moesia collocavit appellavitque eam Daciam, quae nunc duas Moesias dividit et est in dextra Danubio in mare fluenti, cum antea fuerit in laeva. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/eutropius9.html

The province of Dacia, which Trajan had formed beyond the Danube, he gave up, despairing, after all Illyricum and Moesia had been depopulated, of being able to retain it. The Roman citizens, removed from the town and lands of Dacia, he settled in the interior of Moesia, calling that Dacia which now divides the two Moesiae, and which is on the right hand of the Danube as it runs to the sea, whereas Dacia was previously on the left. http://www.ccel.org/p/pearse/morefathers/eutropius_breviarium_2_text.htm

Post-Roman history

After the Roman withdrawal, the former Roman province Dacia Traiana became the possesion of the Goths and the Carpians.

It is known that Constantine. Head of the colossal statue. Musei Capitolini, Rome Flavius Valerius Constantinus (February 27, 272–May 22, 337), commonly known as Constantine I or Constantine the Great, was proclaimed Augustus by his troops on July 25, 306 and ruled an ever-growing portion of the Roman Empire to his... Constantine the Great - who was born in Dacia Aureliana - had assumed the title Dacicus, and initiated the building or restoration of a bridge across Danube into Dacia Traiana. The Roman emperor Galerius on a coin Galerius Maximianus (c. 250 - 5 May 311), formally Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus, Roman emperor from 305 to 311, was born near Serdica - the capital of Dacia Aureliana. He originally followed his fathers occupation, that of a herdsman, where he got his surname of Armentarius (Lat... Galerius, also born in Dacia Aureliana, and who's mother was from Dacia Traiana, had became an enemy of the Roman name and proposed that the Eastern Roman Empire to be called the Dacian Empire ( Lucius Caelius (or Caecilius?) Firmianus Lactantius was an early Christian author who wrote in Latin (around A.D. 240 - around 320). Lactantius, a native of North Africa, was a pupil of Arnobius (according to Methodius, Chastity 9.2) and taught rhetoric in various cities of the Eastern Roman Empire, ending... Lactantius - Of The Manner In Which The Persecutors Died chapter XXVII 1 (http://www.ucalgary.ca/~vandersp/Courses/texts/lactant/lactpers.html)).

The issue of "what happened with the population after the Aurelian withdrawal" is under debate. The main two theories about the Romanized population are:

This scientific issue has political implications: if the people withdrew with the troops, then the Magyar may refer to: The Magyar language The Magyar people This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. If an article link referred you here, you might want to go back and fix it to point directly to... Magyar tribes conquered Transylvania ( Romanian: Transilvania or Ardeal, Hungarian: Erdély, German: Siebenbürgen, Serbian: Transilvanija, Turkish: Erdel, Slovak: Sedmohradsko or Transylvania, Polish: Siedmiogród) is a historic region that forms the western and the central parts of Romania. Geography Map of Romania with Transylvania in yellow Transylvania comprises the... Transylvania from non Daco-Roman local rulers (Gelu, Glad and Menumorut or Menumorout (translated into Hungarian as Mén-Marót) was the ruler of a dukedom based in Biharea, in the northwestern part of Transylvania (nowadays in Romania), in the 9th century. Menumorout was grandson of Dux Morout or Moront of the khozars, some hungarian authors identifying Morout with... Menumorut - see There are two works with the name Gesta Hungarorum. The Gesta Hungarorum (Latin for The Deeds of the Hungarians), a record of early Hungarian history, is preserved in a mid‑12th century manuscript. Most parts of the text are considered by some contemporary authors as simply inventions (by the... Gesta Hungarorum), while if they stayed the Romanians have a continuity in the area going back to Dacians and the Getae and their Roman conquerors. (For more on this debate, see: The Romanians (and Vlachs) are a nation speaking Romanian, a Romance language and living in Central and Eastern Europe. The Origin of Romanians has been for a long time disputed and there are several theories: Daco-Romanian continuity; Dacians spoke a language close to Latin and they evolved into Romanians... Origin of Romanians.)

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