Dafydd ap Gwilym (ca.1315/1320-ca.1350/1370), is generally regarded as the greatest Welsh poet of all time and amongst the great poets of Europe in the Middle Ages. (Dafydd ap Gwilym scholar R. Geraint Gruffydd suggests ca.1315-ca.1350 as his dates, other scholars place him a little later, ca.1320-ca.1370.) Events August 13 - Louis X of France marries Clemence dAnjou. ... Events January 20 - Dante - Quaestio de Aqua et Terra January 20 - Duke Wladyslaw Lokietek becomes king of Poland April 6 - The Scots reaffirm their independence by signing the Declaration of Arbroath. ... Events 29 August - An English fleet personally commanded by King Edward III defeats a Spanish fleet in the battle of Les Espagnols sur Mer. ... Events Beginning of the rule of Poland by Capet-Anjou family. ... Welsh redirects here, and this article describes the Welsh language. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... Professor Emeritus R Geraint Gruffydd, MA DPhil FBA is a scholar of Welsh language and literature and is also an amateur theologian. ...

Life

Tradition has it that he was born at Brogynin, Penrhyn-coch (at the time Llanbadarn Fawr parish), Ceredigion. His father, Gwilym Gam, and mother, Ardudfyl, were both from noble families. As one of noble birth it seems Dafydd did not belong to the guild of professional poets in medieval Wales, and yet the poetic tradition had been strong in his family for generations. For other uses please see Ceredigion (disambiguation) Ceredigion is a county in Wales. ... The Lords and Barons prove their Nobility by hanging their Banners and exposing their Coats-of-arms at the door of the Lodge of the Heralds. ...

According to R. Geraint Gruffydd he died in 1350, a possible victim of the Black Death. Tradition says that he was buried within the precinct of the Cistercian Strata Florida Abbey, Ceredigion. Events 29 August - An English fleet personally commanded by King Edward III defeats a Spanish fleet in the battle of Les Espagnols sur Mer. ... Illustration of the Black Death from the Toggenburg Bible (1411). ... Cistercians coat of arms The Order of Cistercians (OCist) (Latin Cistercenses), otherwise Gimey or White Monks (from the colour of the habit, over which is worn a black scapular or apron) are a Catholic order of monks. ... The remains of Strata Florida Abbey as depicted in the 1851 Illustrated London Reading Book Strata Florida (in Welsh: Ystrad Fflur) is a former Cistercian abbey situated just outside Pontrhydfendigaid, near Tregaron in the county of Ceredigion, Wales. ... For other uses please see Ceredigion (disambiguation) Ceredigion is a county in Wales. ...

Poetry

It is believed that about one hundred and fifty of his poems have survived, though many others have been attributed to him over the centuries. His main themes were love and nature. The influence of wider European ideas of courtly love, as exemplified in the troubador poetry of Provençal, is seen as a significant influence on Dafydd's poetry. Court of Love in Provence in the 14th Century (after a manuscript in the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris). ... A troubadour was a composer and performer of songs in particular styles during the Middle Ages in Europe. ... Provençal (Prouvençau in Provençal language) is one of several dialects of the Romance language Occitan, which is spoken by a minority of people in southern France and other areas of France. ...

He was an innovative poet who was responsible for popularising the metre known as "cywydd" and first to use it for praise. But perhaps his greatest innovation was to make himself the main focus of his poetry. The traditional Welsh poets kept their own personalities far from their poetry. Dafydd's work is full of his own feelings and experiences. His main theme is love, and many of his poems are addressed to women, but particularly to two of them, Morfudd and Dyddgu. He is also recognised as very fine nature poet. His best-known works include the following poems: Cywydd, or Cywydd deuair hirion, is one of the important, if not the most important, metrical elements in Welsh traditional poetry. ...

• Morfudd fel yr haul (=Morfudd like the sun), a poem to the wife of an Aberystwyth merchant that seems to have had a long affair with Dafydd, and whom he addressed in many poems;
• Merched Llanbadarn (=The girls of Llanbadarn), in which he speaks of going to church on Sunday purely in order to ogle the local women;
• Trafferth mewn tafarn (=Trouble in a tavern), in which he recounts an incident in a tavern that would be worthy of any slapstick film; and
• Cywydd y gal (=A poem in praise of the penis), a risqué piece of pure medieval erotica.

Aberystwyth, viewed from the nature reserve on Penglais Hill Aberystwyth /aberˈəstwɪθ/ (Welsh Mouth of the Ystwyth) is a historic market town, administrative centre and holiday resort within Ceredigion, Mid Wales. ...

See also

• Welsh literature

The term Welsh literature may be used to refer to any literature originating from Wales or by Welsh writers. ...

Sources/Bibliography

• Bromwich, Rachel (1974), Dafydd ap Gwilym. Writers of Wales series. Cardiff : University of Wales Press. An introduction in English.
• Dafydd ap Gwilym (2001), Dafydd ap Gwilym : his poetry. Translated by Gwyn Thomas. Cardiff : University of Wales Press. ISBN 0708316646. Includes a complete translation of the poems and an useful introduction.
• Dafydd ap Gwilym (2003), Dafydd ap Gwilym : poems. Edited by Rachel Bromwich. Welsh Classics series. Llandysul : Gomer Press. ISBN 0850888158.
• Fulton, Helen (Ed.) (1996), Selections from the Dafydd ap Gwilym apocrypha. Welsh Classics series. Llandysul : Gomer Press. ISBN 185902310X.
• Fulton, Helen (1989), Dafydd ap Gwilym and the European context. Cardiff : University of Wales Press. ISBN 0708310303.

External links

• Dafydd ap Gwilym and Welsh literary tradition on the BBC History website.
• Trafferth Mewn Tafarn - Two English translations of Dafydd ap Gwilym's 'Trafferth Mewn Tafarn'