Dalkeith Palace in January 2004

Dalkeith Palace in Dalkeith, Midlothian, Scotland, is the former seat of the Duke of Buccleuch. Image File history File links Image of Dalkeith Palace on 17 January 2004. ... Image File history File links Image of Dalkeith Palace on 17 January 2004. ... Dalkeith (Scottish Gaelic: Dail Cheith) (pop. ... Midlothian (Meadhan Lodainn in Gaelic) is one of 32 unitary council regions in Scotland, and a Lieutenancy Area. ... Scottish Executive - official site of the Scottish Executive Scottish Parliament - official site of The Scottish Parliament BBC Scotland - Scottish history, news and travel pages from BBC The Gazetteer for Scotland - Extensive guide to the places and people of Scotland, by the Royal Scottish Geographical Society and University of Edinburgh Scotland... The title of Duke of Buccleuch (IPA ) was created in the Peerage of Scotland on 20 April 1663 for the Duke of Monmouth, eldest illegitimate son of Charles II of England, who had married Anne Scott, 4th Countess of Buccleuch. ...

Dalkeith Castle was located to the north east of Dalkeith, and was originally in the hands of

the Grahams in the 12th century and given to the Douglas family in the early 14th Century. James Douglas of Dalkeith became the Earl of Morton in the mid 15th century. The castle was strategically located in an easily defensible position above a bend in the North Esk River. In 1543, Cardinal Beaton was imprisoned in Dalkeith Castle. It was forced open and destroyed by the English in 1547, and in 1575 the 4th Earl of Morton built a new castle there. In 1642 Dalkeith Castle was sold to the 2nd Earl of Buccleuch. The title Earl of Morton was created in the Peerage of Scotland in 1458 for James Douglas. ... // Events February 21 - Battle of Wayna Daga - A combined army of Ethiopian and Portuguese troops defeat the armies of Adal led by Ahmed Gragn. ... Events January 16 - Grand Duke Ivan IV of Muscovy becomes the first Tsar of Russia. ... Events February 13 - Henry III of France is crowned at Reims February 14 - Henry III of France marries Louise de Lorraine-Vaudémont June 28 - Oda Nobunaga defeats Takeda Katsuyori in the battle of Nagashino, which has been called Japans first modern battle. ... The title Earl of Morton was created in the Peerage of Scotland in 1458 for James Douglas. ... Events January 4 - Charles I attempts to arrest five leading members of the Long Parliament, but they escape. ...

The statue of the Duke of Wellington located at the base of the Great Staircase in Dalkeith Palace.

The 2nd Earl of Buccleuch's daughter married the Duke of Monmouth, eldest natural son of Charles II. They became Duke and Duchess of Monmouth & Buccleuch. When the Duke of Monmouth died his widow, Anne, asked architect James Smith to use William of Orange's Palace of Het Loo in the Netherlands as a model for Dalkeith Palace. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (960x1280, 530 KB)The statue of the Duke of Wellington by the Great Staircase in Dalkeith Palace. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (960x1280, 530 KB)The statue of the Duke of Wellington by the Great Staircase in Dalkeith Palace. ... James Crofts, later Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, 1st Duke of Buccleuch (April 9, 1649–July 15, 1685) recognised by some as James II of England and James VII of Scotland, was born in Rotterdam in the Netherlands, the son of Charles II and his mistress, Lucy Walter, who had... Charles II (29 May 1630–6 February 1685) was the King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland from 30 January 1649 (retrospectively de jure) or 29 May 1660 (de facto) until his death. ... William III of England (14 November 1650–8 March 1702; also known as William II of Scotland and William III of Orange) was a Dutch aristocrat and a Protestant Prince of Orange from his birth, King of England and King of Ireland from 13 February 1689, and King of Scots... Het Loo and its gardens, more ambitious than they were actually executed, in an early 18th century engraving (watercolor added) The former royal residence Het Loo near Apeldoorn, Netherlands, was built starting in 1684 for the Stadtholder Willem, known to English-language readers as William III of Orange and his...

Smith and his cousins, Gilbert and James, signed the contract for masonwork at Dalkeith Castle in March of 1702. Construction of Dalkeith Palace began later that year, Smith deciding to incorporate a portion of the tower house of the old castle into the western side of the new structure. The outline of the old tower walls is still visible in the western facade of the palace today. Events March 8 - William III died; Princess Anne Stuart becomes Queen Anne of England, Scotland and Ireland. ...

Original 1743 builder's stamp in the lead roof of Dalkeith Palace, Spring 2004.

In 1704, William Walker and Benjamin Robinson, the chamberlain of the Duchess, went to London with a small party to choose items of furniture for the palace. Construction was proceeding at a steady pace, and the main portion of the palace was roofed by the end of 1705. The London marble-cutter Richard Neale spent sixty-four weeks at the palace with nine assistants between 1709 and 1711, carving the main stairwell and screen of the Great Staircase. Several marble chimney pieces were installed, as well as an intricately-carved marble bas-relief of Neptune and Galatea. This internally extensive use of marble was very much the taste of the Duchess. The majority of construction was complete by 1711. Image File history File links Original builders stamp in the lead roof of Dalkeith Palace. ... Image File history File links Original builders stamp in the lead roof of Dalkeith Palace. ... Events Building of the Students Monument in Aiud, Romania. ... Part of the London skyline viewed from the South Bank London is the most populous city in the European Union, with an estimated population on 1 January 2005 of 7. ... Events Construction begins on Blenheim Palace, in Oxfordshire, England. ... Marble This page is about the metamorphic rock. ... // Events January 12 - Two-month freezing period begins in France - The coast of the Atlantic and Seine River freeze, crops fail and at least 24. ... // Events February 24 - The London premiere of Rinaldo by George Friderich Handel, the first Italian opera written for the London stage. ... Bas relief is a method of sculpting which entails carving or etching away the surface of a flat piece of stone or metal. ... In Greek mythology, Poseidon (Ποσειδῶν) was the god of the sea. ... In Greek mythology, Galatea (she who is milk-white) was the name of a Sicilian Nereid loved by the Cyclops Polyphemus. ...

The south front of Dalkeith Palace in Spring 2004, showing pilasters and pediment.

Finishing touches on the Palace complex included adding a wrought iron screen with freestone piers (no longer existing) around the forecourt, a great deal of planting, and the laying out of a great avenue through the park. Dalkeith Park itself was a large area of manicured trees and gardens which in later years would include the Montagu Bridge over the North Esk River and the Dalkeith Conservatory and a grassed amphitheatre. When the final calculations were made, it was determined that the construction of Dalkeith Palace had cost the Duchess a total of 17,727 pounds sterling. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1280x960, 576 KB)Detail of the front facade of Dalkeith Palace in Spring 2004. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1280x960, 576 KB)Detail of the front facade of Dalkeith Palace in Spring 2004. ... Wrought iron is a very pure form of commercial iron, having a very small carbon content. ... For details of notes and coins, see British coinage and British banknotes. ...

The plumber John Scott of Edinburgh re-plated the roof in lead in 1743. Some minor additions were carried out in the following years. John Adam resurfaced the building in 1762 and James Playfair inserted a low window into the east facade in 1786. Edinburgh (pronounced ), Dùn Èideann () in Scottish Gaelic, is the second-largest city in Scotland and its capital city. ... // Events February 14 - Henry Pelham becomes British Prime Minister February 21 - - The premiere in London of George Frideric Handels oratorio, Samson. ... John Adam (1779 - 1825) was a British administrator in India. ... 1762 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1786 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

Overall, the Palace is built of sandstone and has the main entrance on the south front, flanked on each side by two Corinthian order pilasters. These are surmounted by a bracketed pediment unusual for its depth. The Corinthian order as used for the portico of the Pantheon, Rome provided a prominent model for Renaissance and later architects, through the medium of engravings. ... In architecture, pilasters comprise slightly-projecting pseudo-columns built into or onto a wall, with capitals and bases. ... A pediment is a classical architectural element consisting of a triangular section or gable found above the horizontal superstructure (entablature) which lies immediately upon the columns. ...

World War II-era graffiti on the third floor wallpaper of Dalkeith Palace, Spring 2004.

The layout of Dalkeith Palace was unusual for the time in that the state apartment was located on the ground floor, which prevented the Great Dining Room from being placed in its customary position at the start of the state apartment. As such, the Great Dining Room was placed on the first floor, still suitable for important occasions and also serving as an anteroom to another apartment on the first floor. The 4th Duke considered extensive rebuilding in 1831 and William Burn produced unexecuted designs in Jacobean style. More minor alterations were carried out, together with improvements to the surrounding estate including a new house and offices for the Duke's Chamberlain, and the construction for the 5th Duke of St Mary's Church as a private chapel by William Burn and David Bryce. The Church contains one of only two water-powered organs in Scotland. Image File history File links WWII-era graffiti on the third floor of Dalkeith Palace in Spring 2004. ... Image File history File links WWII-era graffiti on the third floor of Dalkeith Palace in Spring 2004. ... 1831 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... William Burn (1789-1870) was a Scottish architect. ... Jacobean - an early phase of English Renaissance architecture and decoration. ... Walter Francis Montagu-Douglas-Scott, 5th Duke of Buccleuch, 7th Duke of Queensberry (25 November 1806 - 16 April 1884) was a British politician and nobleman. ... David Bryce (1803-1876) was a Scottish architect. ...

Several well-known figures from English and Scottish history have been guests at the Palace in the intervening centuries. Bonnie Prince Charlie stayed two nights at Dalkeith in 1745, George IV slept here during his visit to Edinburgh in 1822, in preference to the Palace of Holyroodhouse which was in a poor state, as did Victoria in 1842. Bonnie Prince Charlie Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Silvester Maria Stuart (December 31, 1720 – January 31, 1788), was the exiled claimant to the thrones of Great Britain and Ireland, commonly known as Bonnie Prince Charlie. Charles was the son of James Francis Edward Stuart, the Old Pretender, who was in... // Events May 11 - War of Austrian Succession: Battle of Fontenoy - At Fontenoy, French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army including the Black Watch June 4 – Frederick the Great destroys Austrian army at Hohenfriedberg August 19 - Beginning of the 45 Jacobite Rising at Glenfinnan September 12 - Francis I is elected... George IV (George Augustus Frederick) (12 August 1762 – 26 June 1830) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and Hanover from 29 January 1820. ... 1822 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Holyrood Palace The Palace of Holyroodhouse, more commonly known as Holyrood Palace, originally founded as a monastery by David I of Scotland in 1128, has served as the principal residence of the Kings and Queens of Scotland since the 15th century. ... Victoria Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of India Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria) (24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837, and Empress of India from 1 January 1877 until her death. ... 1842 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

During World War II, Polish troops of the 3rd Flanders Rifle Brigade, part of the 1st Polish Armoured Division, were quartered on the third floor of Dalkeith Palace from 1942 onwards. Graffiti drawn by these troops is still visible on the third floor wallpaper of the Palace as of 2004. Combatants Allied Powers Axis Powers Commanders {{{commander1}}} {{{commander2}}} Strength {{{strength1}}} {{{strength2}}} Casualties 17 million military deaths 7 million military deaths World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a mid-20th century conflict that engulfed much of the globe and is accepted as the largest and deadliest... Graffiti on the banks of the Tiber river in Rome, Italy. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Today, the 9th Duke of Buccleuch resides at Bowhill, near Selkirk. Dalkeith Palace has not been lived in by the Buccleuch family since 1914 and is leased to the University of Wisconsin as a base in Scotland. The Smith family, including James Smith member of the punk band Threats and his son Rikki Smith drummer of the stoner rock band Elephantine [1] are current caretakers to the palace. Map sources for Selkirk at grid reference NT469286 Selkirk is a royal burgh in the Scottish Borders, and historically the county town of Selkirkshire. ... 1914 (MCMXIV) is a common year starting on Thursday. ... State nickname: Badger State Official languages None Capital Madison Largest city Milwaukee Governor Jim Doyle (D) Senators Herb Kohl (D) Russ Feingold (D) Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 23rd 169,790 km² 17 Population  - Total (2000)  - Density Ranked 18th 5,453,896 38. ... Scottish Executive - official site of the Scottish Executive Scottish Parliament - official site of The Scottish Parliament BBC Scotland - Scottish history, news and travel pages from BBC The Gazetteer for Scotland - Extensive guide to the places and people of Scotland, by the Royal Scottish Geographical Society and University of Edinburgh Scotland...