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Encyclopedia > Dandruff
For the album by Ivor Cutler, see Dandruff (album).
Dandruff
Classification & external resources
A large flake of dandruff combed from a beard
ICD-9 690.18
DiseasesDB 11911

Dandruff (also called scurf and historically termed Pityriasis capitis) is due to the excessive shedding of dead skin cells from the scalp. As it is normal for skin cells to die and flake off, a small amount of flaking is normal and in fact quite common. Some people, however, either chronically or as a result of certain triggers, experience an unusually large amount of flaking, which can also be accompanied by redness and irritation. Most cases of dandruff can be easily treated with specialized shampoos. Dandruff is not an organism like lice; it is just dead skin that accumulates in the scalp. Dandruff is unlikely to be the cause of hair loss. Dandruff is an LP by Ivor Cutler, originally released in 1974 on Virgin Records. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or disease. ... The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. ... The Disease Bold textDatabase is a free website that provides information about the relationships between medical conditions, symptoms, and medications. ... The scalp is the anatomical area bordered by the face anteriorly and the neck to the sides and posteriorly. ... Drawing of the structure of cork as it appeared under the microscope to Robert Hooke from Micrographia which is the origin of the word cell being used to describe the smallest unit of a living organism Cells in culture, stained for keratin (red) and DNA (green) The cell is the... In medicine, a chronic disease is a disease that is long-lasting or recurrent. ... Induction IS retarded This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. ... Shampoo is a common hair care product used for the removal of oils, dirt, skin particles, dandruff, environmental pollutants and other contaminant particles that gradually build up in hair. ... Suborders Anoplura (sucking lice) Rhyncophthirina Ischnocera (avian lice) Amblycera (chewing lice) Lice (singular: louse) (order Phthiraptera) are an order of over 3000 species of wingless parasitic insects. ... Baldness (formally alopecia) is the state of lacking hair where it usually would grow, especially on the head. ...


Excessive flaking can also be a symptom of seborrhoeic dermatitis, psoriasis, fungal infection or excoriation associated with infestation of head lice. The Term mycosis (plural: mycoses) refers to conditions in which fungi pass the resistance barriers of the human or animal body and establish infections. ... Look up Head louse in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...


Dandruff is a global phenomenon and many people find that dandruff can cause social or self-esteem problems. Treatment may be important purely for psychological reasons.

Contents

Causes

As the epidermal layer continually replaces itself, cells are pushed outward where they eventually die and flake off. In most people, these flakes of skin are too small to be visible. However, certain conditions cause cell turnover to be unusually rapid, especially in the scalp. For people with dandruff, skin cells may mature and be shed in 2 - 7 days, as opposed to around a month in people without dandruff. The result is that dead skin cells are shed in large, oily clumps, which appear as white or grayish patches on the scalp skin and clothes. Cross-section of all skin layers Optical Coherence Tomography tomogram of fingertip, depicting stratum corneum (~500µm thick) with stratum disjunctum on top and stratum lucidum (connection to stratum spinosum) in the middle. ...


Dandruff has been shown to be the result of three required factors:[1]

  1. Skin oil commonly referred to as sebum or sebaceous secretions[2]
  2. The metabolic by-products of skin micro-organisms (most specifically Malassezia yeasts)[3][4][5][6][7]
  3. Individual susceptibility

Common older literature cites the fungus Malassezia furfur (previously known as Pityrosporum ovale) as the cause of dandruff. While this fungus is found naturally on the skin surface of both healthy people and those with dandruff, it was discovered that a scalp specific fungus, Malassezia globosa, is the responsible agent.[8] This fungus metabolizes triglycerides present in sebum by the expression of lipase, resulting in a lipid byproduct oleic acid (OA). Penetration by OA of the top layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum, results in an inflammatory response in susceptible persons which disturbs homeostasis and results in erratic cleavage of stratum corneum cells.[5] The sebaceous glands are glands found in the skin of mammals. ... Schematic view of a hair follicle with sebaceous gland. ... For the fictional character, see Fungus the Bogeyman. ... Malassezia furfur (formerly known as Pityrosporum ovale) is one species of a group of related fungi (yeasts) naturally found on the skin surfaces of many animals and humans, and primarily known as the most common cause of dandruff. ... Species See text. ... Triglyceride (blue: fatty acid; red: glycerol backbone) Triglycerides are glycerides in which the glycerol is esterified with three fatty acids. ... Oleic acid is a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid found in various animal and vegetable sources. ... The stratum corneum (the horny layer) is the outermost layer of the epidermis (the outermost layer of the skin). ... Homeostasis is the property of either an open system or a closed system, especially a living organism, which regulates its internal environment so as to maintain a stable, constant condition. ...


Rarely, dandruff can be a manifestation of an allergic reaction to chemicals in hair gels/sprays, hair oils, or sometimes even dandruff medications like ketoconazole. Ketoconazole is a synthetic antifungal drug used to prevent and treat skin and fungal infections, especially in immunocompromised patients such as those with AIDS. Due to its side-effect profile, it has been superseded by newer antifungals, such as fluconazole and itraconazole. ...


There is no convincing evidence that food (such as sugar or yeast), excessive perspiration, or climate have any role in the pathogenesis of dandruff. Perspiration (also called sweating or sometimes transpiration) is the production and evaporation of a fluid, consisting primarily of water as well as a smaller amount of sodium chloride (the main constituent of table salt), that is excreted by the sweat glands in the skin of mammals. ...


Seborrheic dermatitis

Flaking is a symptom of seborrheic dermatitis. Joseph Bark notes that "Redness and itching is actually seborrheic dermatitis, and it frequently occurs around the folds of the nose and the eyebrow areas, not just the scalp." Dry, thick, well-defined lesions consisting of large, silvery scales may be traced to the less common psoriasis of the scalp. Seborrhoeic dermatitis is a skin disorder affecting the scalp, face and trunk causing scaly, flaky, itchy, red skin. ...


Seasonal changes, stress, and immuno-suppression seem to affect seborrheic dermatitis.


Treatment

There have been many strategies for the control of dandruff. Simply increasing shampooing will remove flakes.[9] However, elimination of the fungus results in dramatic improvement. Regular shampooing with an anti-fungal product can reduce recurrence.

Active ingredient Example of product
Sodium Bicarbonate Baking Soda
Zinc pyrithione[10] Head & Shoulders, Clinic All Clear, Pantene Pro V
Ketoconazole[11] Nizoral, or Fungoral
Selenium sulphide Selsun Blue, Vichy Dercos Anti-Dandruff shampoo, other varieties of Head & Shoulders
Tea tree oil[12] Himalaya Anti-dandruff shampoo
Tar[13] Neutrogena T/Gel
Piroctone olamine (INCI)[14] Octopirox

Anti-fungal/anti-dandruff shampoos containing ketoconazole have been shown to be more effective than zinc pyrithione.[15] Ketoconazole is the most effective antifungal agent concluded by multiple studies.[16][17] Initially ketoconazole was marketed in 1% and 2% concentrations, but later the 1% formulation was withdrawn as it was found to have too many treatment failures. Zinc pyrithione is chemical compound used as an antifungal and antibacterial agent. ... Head & Shoulders is a famous brand of anti-dandruff shampoo produced by Procter & Gamble. ... Pantene logo Pantene is a brand of hair care products owned by Procter & Gamble. ... Ketoconazole is a synthetic antifungal drug used to prevent and treat skin and fungal infections, especially in immunocompromised patients such as those with AIDS. Due to its side-effect profile, it has been superseded by newer antifungals, such as fluconazole and itraconazole. ... Nizoral is an anti-dandruff shampoo with ketoconazole as the active ingredient. ... Selenium sulfide (also selenium sulphide; see spelling) is an antifungal agent often used in shampoos for the treatment of dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis. ... Selsun Blue is a shampoo developed by Chattem that functions as an over-the-counter treatment for dandruff. ... Head & Shoulders is a famous brand of anti-dandruff shampoo produced by Procter & Gamble. ... Tea Tree Oil (Melaleuca Oil) Tea tree oil or melaleuca oil is a clear to very pale golden color essential oil with a fresh camphoraceous odour. ... Tar can be produced from corn stalks by heating in a microwave. ... Neutrogena is an American brand of products that includes facial products, hair care products, and products for the skin, including those that treat acne and moisturize the skin. ... Piroctone olamine is a compound sometimes used in the treatment of fungal infections. ... The International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients, abbreviated INCI, is a system of names for waxes, oils, pigments, chemicals, and other ingredients of cosmetics, soaps, and the like, based on scientific names and other Latin and English words. ...


See also

This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ...

References

  1. ^ DeAngelis YM, Gemmer CM, Kaczvinsky JR, Kenneally DC, Schwartz JR, Dawson TL (2005). "Three etiologic facets of dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis: Malassezia fungi, sebaceous lipids, and individual sensitivity". J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc. 10 (3): 295-7. doi:10.1111/j.1087-0024.2005.10119.x. PMID 16382685. 
  2. ^ Ro BI, Dawson TL (2005). "The role of sebaceous gland activity and scalp microfloral metabolism in the etiology of seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff". J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc. 10 (3): 194-7. doi:10.1111/j.1087-0024.2005.10104.x. PMID 16382662. 
  3. ^ Ashbee HR, Evans EG (2002). "Immunology of diseases associated with Malassezia species". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 15 (1): 21-57. PMID 11781265. 
  4. ^ Batra R, Boekhout T, Guého E, Cabañes FJ, Dawson TL, Gupta AK (2005). "Malassezia Baillon, emerging clinical yeasts". FEMS Yeast Res. 5 (12): 1101-13. doi:10.1016/j.femsyr.2005.05.006. PMID 16084129. 
  5. ^ a b Dawson TL (2006). "Malassezia and seborrheic dermatitis: etiology and treatment". Journal of cosmetic science 57 (2): 181-2. PMID 16758556. 
  6. ^ Gemmer CM, DeAngelis YM, Theelen B, Boekhout T, Dawson Jr TL (2002). "Fast, noninvasive method for molecular detection and differentiation of Malassezia yeast species on human skin and application of the method to dandruff microbiology". J. Clin. Microbiol. 40 (9): 3350-7. PMID 12202578. 
  7. ^ Gupta AK, Batra R, Bluhm R, Boekhout T, Dawson TL (2004). "Skin diseases associated with Malassezia species". J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 51 (5): 785-98. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2003.12.034. PMID 15523360. 
  8. ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7080434.stm
  9. ^ Mayo Clinic (November 27, 2006). Dandruff. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved on 2007-03-28.
  10. ^ Warner RR, Schwartz JR, Boissy Y, Dawson TL (2001). "Dandruff has an altered stratum corneum ultrastructure that is improved with zinc pyrithione shampoo". J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 45 (6): 897-903. doi:10.1067/mjd.2001.117849. PMID 11712036. 
  11. ^ McGrath J, Murphy GM (1991). "The control of seborrhoeic dermatitis and dandruff by antipityrosporal drugs". Drugs 41 (2): 178-84. PMID 1709848. 
  12. ^ Prensner R (2003). "Does 5% tea tree oil shampoo reduce dandruff?". The Journal of family practice 52 (4): 285-6. PMID 12681088. 
  13. ^ Piérard-Franchimont C, Piérard GE, Vroome V, Lin GC, Appa Y (2000). "Comparative anti-dandruff efficacy between a tar and a non-tar shampoo". Dermatology (Basel) 200 (2): 181-4. PMID 10773717. 
  14. ^ Dubini F, Bellotti MG, Frangi A, Monti D, Saccomani L (2005). "In vitro antimycotic activity and nail permeation models of a piroctone olamine (octopirox) containing transungual water soluble technology". Arzneimittel-Forschung 55 (8): 478-83. PMID 16149717. 
  15. ^ Piérard-Franchimont C, Goffin V, Decroix J, Piérard GE (2002). "A multicenter randomized trial of ketoconazole 2% and zinc pyrithione 1% shampoos in severe dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis". Skin Pharmacol. Appl. Skin Physiol. 15 (6): 434-41. PMID 12476017. 
  16. ^ Rapaport M (1981). "A randomized, controlled clinical trial of four anti-dandruff shampoos". J. Int. Med. Res. 9 (2): 152-6. PMID 7014286. 
  17. ^ Bulmer AC, Bulmer GS (1999). "The antifungal action of dandruff shampoos". Mycopathologia 147 (2): 63-5. PMID 10967964. 
v • d • e
Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (integumentary system) (L, 680-709)
Infections Staphylococcus (Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, Impetigo, Boil, Carbuncle) - Cellulitis (Paronychia) - Acute lymphadenitis - Pilonidal cyst - Corynebacterium (Erythrasma)
Bullous disorders Pemphigus - Pemphigoid (Bullous pemphigoid) - Dermatitis herpetiformis
Dermatitis and eczema Atopic dermatitis - Seborrhoeic dermatitis (Dandruff, Cradle cap) - Diaper rash - Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis - Contact dermatitis - Erythroderma - Lichen simplex chronicus - Prurigo nodularis - Itch - Pruritus ani - Nummular dermatitis - Dyshidrosis - Pityriasis alba
Papulosquamous disorders Psoriasis (Psoriatic arthritis) - Parapsoriasis (Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta, Pityriasis lichenoides chronica) - Pityriasis rosea - Lichen planus - Pityriasis rubra pilaris - Lichen nitidus
Urticaria and erythema Urticaria (Dermatographic urticaria, Cholinergic urticaria) - Erythema (Erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Toxic epidermal necrolysis, Erythema nodosum, Erythema annulare centrifugum, Erythema marginatum)
Radiation-related disorders Sunburn - Actinic keratosis - Polymorphous light eruption - Radiodermatitis - Erythema ab igne
Disorders of skin appendages nail disease: Ingrown nail - Onychogryposis - Beau's lines - Yellow nail syndrome

hair loss: Alopecia areata (Alopecia totalis, Alopecia universalis, Ophiasis) - Androgenic alopecia - Telogen effluvium - Lichen planopilaris - Trichorrhexis nodosa A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 87th day of the year (88th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... For other uses, see Skin (disambiguation). ... The subcutis is the layer of tissue directly underlying the cutis. ... In zootomy, the integumentary system is the external covering of the body, comprising the skin, hair, scales, nails, sweat glands and their products (sweat and mucus). ... An infection is the detrimental colonization of a host organism by a foreign species. ... Species S. aureus S. caprae S. epidermidis S. haemolyticus S. hominis S. lugdunensis S. pettenkoferi S. saprophyticus S. warneri S. xylosus Staphylococcus (in Greek staphyle means bunch of grapes and coccos means granule) is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria. ... Boil or furuncle is a skin disease caused by the inflammation of hair follicles, thus resulting in the localized accumulation of pus and dead tissues. ... For other uses, see Carbuncle (disambiguation). ... This article is about the nail disease. ... Species See text. ... Erythrasma is a skin disease that can result in pink patches, which can turn into brown scales. ... For the packaging type, see Blister pack. ... Pemphigus is an autoimmune disorder that causes blistering and raw sores on skin and mucous membranes. ... Bullous pemphigoid, also referred to as BP, is a chronic autoimmune skin disease, involving the formation of blisters below the surface of the skin and antibodies against collagen XVII. It can also (albeit only rarely) involve the mucous membranes, and has been shown to afflict dogs, cats, pigs, and horses... Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) or Duhrings Disease, is a skin disorder often associated with celiac disease. ... Dermatitis is a blanket term literally meaning inflammation of the skin. It is usually used to refer to eczema, which is also known as Dermatitis eczema. ... For the beetle, see Exema. ... An infant with Cradle Cap Close up image of Cradle Cap Cradle Cap (Infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis, or crusta lactea, milk crust, honeycomb disease; croûte de lait, eczéma infantile, dermatite atopique infantile (French); ne shqip njihet si - rrjebull ose rrjebulla (Albanian); crosta lattea (Italian); and σμηγματόρροια του τριχωτού της κεφαλής των νεογνών (Greek)) is a patchy... Diaper rash (U.S.) or nappy rash (UK), is a generic term applied to skin rashes in the diaper area that are caused by a various skin disorders and/or irritants. ... Toxicodendron pubescens (Atlantic Poison-oak), one of a large number of species containing urushiol irritants. ... Contact dermatitis is a term for a skin reaction resulting from exposure to allergens or irritants. ... Erythroderma refers to a skin disorder characterized by the widespread reddening of the skin. ... Lichen simplex chronicus is a skin disorder characterized by chronic itching and scratching. ... Prurigo nodularis (PN) is a skin disease characterised by pruritic (itchy) nodules which usually appear on the arms or legs. ... For other uses, see Itch (disambiguation). ... Pruritus ani is a medical term which refers to persistent itching of the anus (and in Latin means literally the same thing). ... Nummular dermatitis is one of the many forms of dermatitis. ... Late stage of dyshidrosis on the hands Also known as Dyshidrotic Eczema Dyshidrotic Dermatitis Pompholyx Dyshidrosis is a skin condition that is characterized by small blisters on the hands or feet. ... Pityriasis alba is a common skin condition mostly occurring in children and usually seen as dry, fine scaled, pale patches on their faces. ... A papulosquamous disorder is a condition which presents with both papules and scales,[1] or both scaly papules and plaques. ... Psoriatic arthritis (or Arthropathic psoriasis) is a type of inflammatory arthritis that affects around 20% of people suffering from the chronic skin condition Psoriasis. ... Parapsoriasis refers to one of a group of skin disorders that are characterized primarily by their resemblance to psoriasis (red, scaly lesions), rather than by their underlying etiology. ... Pityriasis Lichenoides et Varioliformis Acuta, or Mucha Habermanns Disease, short form PLEVA, is a disease of the immune system. ... Pityriasis lichenoides chronica is the chronic version of the Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta, also called Mucha Habermanns Disease. ... Pityriasis rosea is a skin disease marked by patches of pink, oval rash. ... Lichen planus is an inflammatory disease that affects the skin and the oral mucosa. ... Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris (PRP) is a chronic rare skin disorder characterized by reddish orange color of the skin, and scaling, flaky skin. ... Lichen nitidus is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology[1], characterized by 1-2mm, discrete and uniform, shiny, flat-topped, pale flesh-colored or reddish-brown papules[2][3] that may be hypopigmented in blacks, and, occasionally, minimal scaling is present or can be induced by rubbing the surface... Erythema is redness of the skin caused by capillary congestion. ... Seen in about 5 percent of the population, Dermatographism is caused by Mast cells in the surface of the skin releasing histamines upon light scratching of the skins surface. ... Cholinergic urticaria is subcategory of physical urticaria (aka hives) that is a skin rash brought on by a hypersensitive reaction to body heat. ... Erythema is redness of the skin caused by capillary congestion. ... Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a severe and potentially life-threatening (15% of cases) disease, it is a hypersensitivity complex affecting the skin and the mucous membranes, a severe expression of erythema multiforme (EM) (and so SJS is also called erythema multiforme major). ... Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a severe and life-threatening condition. ... Toxic epidermal necrolysis is a life-threatening and usually drug-induced dermatological condition that occurs more often in women than in men. ... Erythema nodosum is a form of inflammation of the subcutaneous fatty tissue. ... Erythema annulare centrifugum is a descriptive term for a skin lesion consisting of redness (=erythema) in a ring form (=annulare) that spreads from the center (= centrifugum). ... Erythema marginatum is described as the presence of pink rings on the trunk and inner surfaces of the arms and legs which come and go for as long as several months. ... For other uses, see Radiation (disambiguation). ... Actinic keratosis (also called solar keratosis, or AK) is a premalignant condition of thick, scaly, or crusty patches of skin. ... Polymorphic Light Eruption (PLE) is a skin complaint caused by sunlight. ... Radiodermatitis is a skin disease associated with prolonged exposure to radiation. ... Erythema ab igne (EAI, or dermatitis ab igne) refers to skin that is reddened due to repeated exposure to heat radiation. ... Skin appendages are appendages that are associated with the skin and serve a particular function. ... Nail diseases are in a separate category from diseases of the skin. ... Onychocryptosis, commonly known as ingrown nails (unguis incarnatus) or ingrowing nails, is a common form of nail disease. ... Onychogryposis, also called rams-horn nail, is a thickening and increase in curvature of the nail. ... Beaus lines: Deep grooved lines that run from side to side on the fingernail. ... Yellow Nail Syndrome is the term that describes the triad of pleural effusions, lymphoedema and yellow dystrophic nails. ... Baldness (formally alopecia) is the state of lacking hair where it usually would grow, especially on the head. ... Alopecia totalis is the loss of all head hair. ... Alopecia universalis is a medical disorder in which the afflicted are unable to grow hair on the entire body. ... Ophiasis is a form of alopecia areata characterized by the the loss of hair in the shape of a wave at the circumference of the head. ... Telogen Effluvium is characterized by sudden, diffuse hair loss caused by an interruption in the normal hair growth cycle. ... Lichen planus is an inflammatory disease that usually affects the skin, the mouth, or sometimes both. ... Trichorrhexis nodosa is a defect in the hair shaft characterized by thickening or weak points (nodes) that cause the hair to break off easily. ...


other follicular disorders: Hypertrichosis (Hirsutism) - Acne vulgaris - Rosacea (Perioral dermatitis, Rhinophyma) - follicular cysts (Epidermoid cyst, Sebaceous cyst, Steatocystoma multiplex) - Pseudofolliculitis barbae - Hidradenitis suppurativa Hypertrichosis is a medical term, also known as Wolfitis, referring to a condition of excessive body hair. ... Hirsutism (from Latin hirsutus = shaggy, hairy) is defined as excessive and increased hair growth in women in locations where the occurrence of terminal hair normally is minimal or absent. ... This article is about a skin disease commonly found during adolescence. ... Rosacea (IPA: ) is a common but often misunderstood condition that is estimated to affect over 45 million people worldwide. ... Perioral dermatitis Perioral dermatitis, a condition related to acne vulgaris, consists of red superficial pustules around the mouth and chin and the sides of the nose. ... Rhinophyma is a descriptive term for a large, bulbous, ruddy appearance of the nose caused by granulomatous infiltration. ... An epidermoid cyst is a benign cyst, developed out of ectodermal tissue. ... Close-up of an infected sebaceous cyst that has abscessed, located behind the ear lobe. ... Steatocystoma multiplex is a congenital conditions resulting in multiple cysts on the body. ... Pseudofolliculitis barbae (pronounced //) is a medical term for persistent inflammation caused by shaving. ... Hidradenitis suppurativa or HS is a skin disease that affects areas bearing apocrine sweat glands and hair follicles; such as the underarms, groin and buttocks. ...

sweat disorders: eccrine (Miliaria, Anhidrosis) - apocrine (Body odor, Chromhidrosis, Fox-Fordyce disease)
Other pigmentation (Vitiligo, Melasma, Freckle, Café au lait spot, Lentigo/Liver spot) - Seborrheic keratosis - Acanthosis nigricans - Callus - Pyoderma gangrenosum - Bedsore - Keloid - Granuloma annulare - Necrobiosis lipoidica - Granuloma faciale - Lupus erythematosus - Morphea - Calcinosis cutis - Sclerodactyly - Ainhum - Livedoid vasculitis
see also congenital (Q80-Q84, 757)

  Results from FactBites:
 
Dandruff [Section Title] - Health encyclopaedia - NHS Direct (1035 words)
Dandruff is the most common condition affecting the scalp.
Dandruff produces greyish white flakes of skin that are often visible on the hair and shoulders.
The aim when treating dandruff is to reduce the level of the yeast pityrosporum ovale on your scalp, and slow down the reproduction of skin cells.
  More results at FactBites »


 
 

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