Daniel Toroitich arap Moi (born September 2, 1924) was the President of Kenya from 1978 until 2002. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... List of the Heads of State of Kenya See also Kenya Heads of Government of Kenya Colonial Heads of Kenya lists of incumbents Categories: Kenya | Lists of office-holders ... is the 234th day of the year (235th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... Mwai Kibaki (born November 15, 1931) is the President of Kenya. ... Dr. Josephat Njuguna Karanja (? - 1994) was a Vice-President of the Republic of Kenya between 1988-1989. ... George Saitoti (1945-) is a mathematician, politician, and former Vice President of Kenya. ... Musalia Mudavadi is the son of Moses Mudavadi and was the last Vice-President of Kenya under Daniel Arap Mois regime. ... Jomo Kenyatta (October 20, 1889 – August 22, 1978) served as the first Prime Minister (1963–1964) and President (1964–1978) of Kenya. ... Mwai Kibaki (born November 15, 1931) is the President of Kenya. ... is the 245th day of the year (246th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the rap album, see 1924 (album). ... Sacho is a township in Baringo District, Rift Valley Province, Kenya. ... Baringo District is an administrative district in the Rift Valley Province of Kenya. ... Rift Valley is the largest and one of the most economically vibrant provinces in Kenya. ... The Kenya African National Union, better known as KANU, ruled Kenya for nearly 40 years after its independence from British colonial rule in 1963, until its electoral loss at the end of 2002. ... is the 245th day of the year (246th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the rap album, see 1924 (album). ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... Also see: 2002 (number). ...

Daniel Arap Moi is popularly known to Kenyans as 'Nyayo', a Swahili word for 'footsteps'. He claimed to be following the footsteps of the first Kenyan President, Jomo Kenyatta. This article is about the language. ... Jomo Kenyatta (October 20, 1889 – August 22, 1978) served as the first Prime Minister (1963–1964) and President (1964–1978) of Kenya. ...

Early life and entry into politics

Moi was born in Kurieng'wo village, Sacho division, Baringo District, Rift Valley Province, and was raised by his mother Kimoi Chebii following the early death of his father. After completing his secondary education, he attended Tambach Teachers Training College in Keiyo District. He worked as a teacher from 1946 until 1955. Sacho is a township in Baringo District, Rift Valley Province, Kenya. ... Baringo District is an administrative district in the Rift Valley Province of Kenya. ... Rift Valley is the largest and one of the most economically vibrant provinces in Kenya. ... Keiyo District (also known as Elgeyo district) is an administrative district in the Rift Valley Province of Kenya. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar). ...

In 1955 Moi entered politics when he was elected Member of the Legislative Council for Rift Valley. In 1960 he founded the Kenya African Democratic Union (KADU) with Ronald Ngala to challenge the Kenya African National Union(KANU) led by Jomo Kenyatta. KADU's aim was to defend the interests of the small minority tribes, such as the Kalenjin to which Moi belonged, against the dominance of the big Luo and Gĩkũyũ tribes that comprised the majority of KANU's membership (Kenyatta himself being a Kikuyu). KADU pressed for a federal constitution, while KANU was in favour of centralism. The advantage lay with the numerically stronger KANU, and the British government was finally forced to remove all provisions of a federal nature from the constitution. Year 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Kenya African Democratic Union was a political party in Kenya. ... The Kenya African National Union, better known as KANU, ruled Kenya for nearly 40 years after its independence from British colonial rule in 1963, until its electoral loss at the end of 2002. ... Kalenjin is an ethnic group of Nilotic origin living in the Great Rift Valley in western Kenya. ... Joluo (commonly known as Luo) are an ethnic group in Kenya and Tanzania. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

In 1957 Moi was re-elected Member of the Legislative Council for Rift Valley. He became Minister of Education in the pre-independence government of 1960–1961. Year 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Vice-Presidency

After Kenya gained independence on December 12, 1963, Kenyatta convinced Moi that KADU and KANU should be merged to complete the process of decolonisation. Kenya therefore became a de facto single-party state, dominated by the Kĩkũyũ-Luo alliance. With an eye on the fertile lands of the rift valley populated by members of Moi's Kalenjin tribe, Kenyatta secured their support by first promoting Moi to Minister for Home Affairs in 1964, and then to vice-president in 1967. As a member of a minority tribe Moi was also an acceptable compromise for the major tribes. Moi was elected to the Kenyan parliament in 1963 from Baringo North. Since 1966 until his retirement in 2002 he served as the Baringo Central MP ^[1]. is the 346th day of the year (347th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1963 (disambiguation). ... States in which the constitution mandates power to a sole party are colored brown. ... Also Nintendo emulator: 1964 (emulator). ... The Vice-President of Kenya is the second-highest executive official in the Kenyan government]]. List of Vice-Presidents of Kenya Jaramogi Oginga Odinga (1963-May 1966) Joseph Zuzarte Murumbi (May 1966-1967) Daniel arap Moi (1967-22 August 1978) Mwai Kibaki (14 October 1978-1988) Josephat Njuguna Karanja (1988... Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. ... The unicameral National Assembly of Kenya is the countrys legislative body. ... Baringo Central Constituency is an electoral constituency in Kenya. ...

However, Moi faced opposition from the Kikuyu elite known as the Kiambu Mafia, who would have preferred one of their own to be eligible for the presidency. This resulted in an infamous attempt by the constitutional drafting group to change the constitution to prevent the vice-president automatically assuming power in the event of the president's death. The presence of this succession mechanism may have led to dangerous political instability if Kenyatta died, given his advanced age and perennial illnesses. However, Kenyatta withstood the political pressure and safeguarded Moi's position. For other uses, see Elite (disambiguation). ... The Kiambu Mafia is a negative term referring to a small group of the Kikuyu tribe primarily from the Kiambu District of Kenya who benefited from KANU and Kenyatta taking power at independence. ... Succession is the act or process of pooing or of following in order or sequence. ...

Presidency

Thus when Kenyatta died on August 22, 1978, Moi became president and took the oath of office. He was popular, with widespread support all over the country. He toured the country and came into contact with the people everywhere, which was in great contrast to Kenyatta's imperial style of governing behind closed gates. Political realities however dictated that he would continue to be beholden to the Kenyatta system which he had inherited intact, and he was still too weak to consolidate his power. The Kikuyu elite referred to him as "a passing cloud" and a "limping sheep that could not lead other sheep to the pasture", the implication being that he would be pushed aside in a short while to allow them back into power. is the 234th day of the year (235th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ...

On August 1, 1982, fate played into Moi's hands when forces loyal to his government defeated an attempted coup by Air Force officers led by Hezekiah Ochuka (see 1982 Kenyan coup). To this day it appears that the attempt by two independent groups to seize power contributed to the failure of both, with one group making its attempt slightly earlier than the other. is the 213th day of the year (214th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar). ... Coup redirects here. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... The 1982 Kenyan coup was a failed attempt to overthrow President Daniel arap Mois government. ...

Moi took the opportunity to dismiss political opponents and consolidate his power. He reduced the influence of Kenyatta's men in the cabinet through a long running judicial enquiry that resulted in the identification of key Kenyatta men as traitors. Moi pardoned them but not before establishing their traitor status in the public view. The main conspirators in the coup, including Ochuka were sentenced to death, marking the last judicial executions in Kenya. He appointed supporters to key roles and changed the constitution to establish a de jure single-party state. For other uses, see Treason (disambiguation) or Traitor (disambiguation). ... States in which the constitution mandates power to a sole party are colored brown. ...

Kenya's academics and other intelligentsia did not accept this and the universities and colleges became the origin of movements that sought to introduce democratic reforms. However, Kenyan secret police infiltrated these groups and many members moved into exile. Marxism could no longer be taught at Kenyan universities. Underground movements, e.g. Mwakenya and Pambana, were born. This article is about secret police as organizations. ... Exile (band) may refer to: Exile - The American country music band Exile - The Japanese pop music band Category: ...

Moi's regime now faced the end of the Cold War, and an economy stagnating under rising oil prices and falling prices for agricultural commodities. At the same time the West no longer dealt with Kenya as it had in the past, when it was viewed as a strategic regional outpost against communist influences from Ethiopia and Tanzania. At that time Kenya had received much foreign aid, and the country was accepted as being well governed with Moi as a legitimate leader and firmly in charge. The increasing amount of political repression, including the use of torture, at the infamous Nyayo House torture chambers had been deliberately overlooked. Some of the evidence of these torture cells were to be later exposed in 2003 after Mwai Kibaki became President.^[2] For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ... Occident redirects here. ... Look up Aid in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Political repression is the oppression or persecution of an individual or group for political reasons, particularly for the purpose of restricting or preventing their ability to take part in the political life of society. ... For other uses, see Torture (disambiguation). ... Mwai Kibaki (born November 15, 1931) is the President of Kenya. ...

However, a new thinking emerged after the end of the Cold War, and as Moi became increasingly viewed as a despot, aid was withheld pending compliance with economic and political reforms. One of the key conditions imposed on his regime, especially by the United States through fiery ambassador Smith Hempstone, was the restoration of a multi-party system. Moi managed to accomplish this against fierce opposition, single handedly convincing the delegates at the KANU conference at Kasarani in December 1991. This does not cite its references or sources. ... US ambassador to Kenya 1989-1993, Smith Hempstone was one of the few people in the country at the time to publicly voice criticism of President Daniel arap Moi and his party KANU. He was instrumental in the fight for multipartyism in Kenya, primarily by lending his substantial support to... A multi-party system is a type of party system. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ...

Moi won elections in 1992 and 1997, which were marred by political killings on both sides. Moi skillfully exploited Kenya's mix of ethnic tensions in these contests, with the ever present fear of the smaller tribes being dominated by the larger tribes. In the absence of an effective and organised opposition Moi had no difficulty in winning. Although it is also suspected that electoral fraud may have occurred, the key to his victory in both elections was a divided opposition. Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ... Extrajudicial punishment is physical punishment without the permission of a court or legal authority, generally carried out by a state apparatus needing to rid itself of a dangerously disruptive influence. ... Elections Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      Electoral fraud is illegal interference with the process of an election. ...

Criticism and corruption allegations

Main article: Corruption in Kenya

In 1999 the findings of NGOs like Amnesty International ^[3] and a special investigation by the United Nations ^[4] were published which indicated that human rights abuses were prevalent in Kenya under the Moi regime. Political corruption in the post-colonial government of Kenya has had a history which spans the era of the Jomo Kenyatta and Daniel arap Mois KANU governments to the Mwai Kibakis NARC government. ... NGO is an abbreviation or code for: Non-governmental organization Nagoya Airport (IATA code) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Amnesty international Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization which defines its mission as to undertake research and action focused on preventing and ending grave abuses of the rights to physical and mental integrity, freedom of conscience... UN and U.N. redirect here. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Human rights violation. ...

Main article: Goldenberg scandal

Moi has also been implicated in the 1990s Goldenberg scandal and subsequent cover-ups, where the Kenyan government subsidized exports of gold far in excess of the foreign currency earnings of exporters. In this case, the gold was smuggled from Congo, as Kenya has negligible gold reserves. The Goldenberg scandal cost Kenya the equivalent of more than 10% of the country's annual GDP. The Goldenberg scandal was a scam where the Kenyan government subsidised exports of gold, paying exporters in Kenyan Shillings 35% over their foreign currency earnings. ... The Goldenberg scandal was a scam where the Kenyan government subsidised exports of gold, paying exporters in Kenyan Shillings 35% over their foreign currency earnings. ... GOLD refers to one of the following: GOLD (IEEE) is an IEEE program designed to garner more student members at the university level (Graduates of the Last Decade). ...

Half-hearted inquiries that began at the request of foreign aid donors came to nothing during Moi's presidency. Although it appears that the peaceful transfer of power to Mwai Kibaki may have involved an understanding that Moi would not stand trial for offences committed during his presidency, foreign aid donors reiterated their requests and Kibaki reopened the inquiry. As the inquiry has progressed, Moi, his two sons, Philip and Gideon (now a member of Parliament), and his daughter June, as well as a host of high-ranking Kenyans, have been implicated. In bombshell testimony delivered in late July 2003, Treasury Permanent Secretary Joseph Magari recounted that in 1991, Moi ordered him to pay Ksh34.5 million ($460,000) to Goldenberg, contrary to the laws then in force.^[5] Mwai Kibaki (born November 15, 1931) is the President of Kenya. ...

In October 2006, Moi was found, by the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes, to have taken a bribe from a Pakistani businessman to award monopoly of duty free shops at the country's international airport in Mombasa and Nairobi. The businessman Ali Nasir claimed to have paid Moi 2 million US$ in cash to obtain government approval for the World Duty Free Limited investment in Kenya.^[6]

Stepping down, retirement

Moi was constitutionally barred from running in the 2002 presidential elections. Some of his supporters floated the idea of amending the constitution to allow him to run for a third term, but Moi preferred to retire, choosing Uhuru Kenyatta, the son of Kenya's first President, as his successor. Mwai Kibaki, was elected President by a two to one majority over Kenyatta, which was confirmed on December 29, 2002. Kibaki was then wheelchair bound having narrowly escaped death in a road traffic accident on the campaign trail. Also see: 2002 (number). ... Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta (born October 26, 1961) is the leader of the Kenya African National Union (KANU), the former ruling party of Kenya. ... Mwai Kibaki (born November 15, 1931) is the President of Kenya. ... is the 363rd day of the year (364th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ...

Moi handed over power in a poorly organised handing over ceremony that had one of the largest crowds ever seen in Nairobi in attendance. The crowd was openly hostile to Moi.

Moi now lives in retirement, largely shunned by the current political establishment, but widely popular with the masses, his presence never failing to quickly gather a crowd. He has recently spoken out against the proposed new constitution, terming it a document against the aspirations of the Kenyan people and deciding to vote "No" in the referendum; the referendum was defeated. Kibaki called Moi to arrange for a meeting to discuss the way forward after the defeat.

On July 25, 2007, Kibaki appointed Moi as special peace envoy to Sudan, referring to Moi's "vast experience and knowledge of African affairs" and "his stature as an elder statesman". In his capacity as peace envoy, Moi's primary role will be to help secure peace in southern Sudan, where an agreement, signed in early 2005, is being implemented. The Kenyan press speculated that Moi and Kibaki were planning an alliance ahead of elections in December 2007.^[7] On August 28, Moi announced his support for Kibaki's re-election and said that he would campaign for Kibaki. He sharply criticized the two opposition Orange Democratic Movement factions as being tribal in nature.^[8][9] is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 240th day of the year (241st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... ODM-Kenya is a political party in Kenya that was formed as a result of the 2005 Kenyan constitutional referendum, in which a Yes vote was represented by the banana and a No vote was the orange. ...

Personal life

Daniel Arap Moi married Lena Moi (born Helena Bommet) in 1950, but they separated in 1974, before his presidency. Thus "Mama Ngina", the wife of Jomo Kenyatta, retained her first lady status. Lena died in 2004. Daniel Arap Moi has eight children, five sons and three daughters. Among the children are Gideon Moi (an MP), Jonathan Toroitich (a former rally driver) and Philip Moi (a retired army officer). ^[10][11]. His older and only brother William Tuitoek died in 1995 ^[12] Ngina Kenyatta (1933-), popularly Mama Ngina is wife of Kenyas first president, the late Jomo Kenyatta. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Petter Solberg driving on gravel at the 2006 Cyprus Rally, a World Rally Championship event. ...

Notes

Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 346th day of the year (347th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 346th day of the year (347th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

• Politics of Kenya

The unicameral National Assembly consists of 210 members elected to a term of up to five years from single-member constituencies, plus 12 members nominated by political parties on a proportional representation basis. ...

External links

• Moi Africa Institute

v • d • e Presidents of the Republic of Kenya
Jomo Kenyatta • Daniel arap Moi • Mwai Kibaki

v • d • e Vice-Presidents of Kenya
Odinga • Murumbi • Moi • Kibaki • Karanja • Saitoti* • Mudavadi • Kijana • Awori *post vacant 1997-1999 during his tenure