Statue of Daniel Mannix outside St Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne

For other people called Daniel Mannix, see Daniel Mannix (disambiguation) Download high resolution version (1193x1356, 521 KB)This picture was taken by me, User:Adam Carr, and is released by me into the public domain File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Download high resolution version (1193x1356, 521 KB)This picture was taken by me, User:Adam Carr, and is released by me into the public domain File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... St Patricks Cathedral, Melbourne St Patricks Cathedral, Melbourne, is the cathedral church of the Catholic Archdiocese of Melbourne and the seat of the Catholic Archbishop of Melbourne, currently His Grace, Archbishop Denis Hart. ... There are three notable people called Daniel Mannix: Daniel Mannix, Catholic Archbishop of Melbourne Daniel P. Mannix, American author Daniel P. Mannix, an American admiral ...

Daniel Patrick Mannix (March 4, 1864 - November 2, 1963), Irish-born Australian Catholic clergyman, Archbishop of Melbourne for 46 years, was one of the most influential public figures in 20th century Australia. Mannix was the son of a tenant farmer near Charleville, in County Cork, and was educated at Irish Christian Brothers schools and at the prestigious St Patrick's College, Maynooth seminary, where he was ordained as a priest in 1890. March 4 is the 63rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (64th in leap years). ... 1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... November 2 is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 59 days remaining. ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ... The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Melbourne is located in Victoria, Australia. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 52. ... Statistics Province: Munster County Town: Cork Code: C (CK proposed) Area: 7,457 km² Population (2006) 480,909 (including City of Cork); 361,766 (without Cork City) Website: www. ... Logo of the Christian Brothers, adopted in January 2006. ... St Patricks College, Maynooth is the National Seminary for Ireland, a college and seminary often called Maynooth College located at Maynooth, Ireland - official established as the Roman Catholic College of St Patrick. ...

In 1895 he was appointed to the chair of moral theology, and in 1903, not yet 40, he was appointed president -in effect the intellectual head of Irish Catholicism. Although he was a fierce Irish nationalist, he disapproved of violence against the British authorities, and personally welcomed Edward VII and George V during their visits to the college. Edward VIII (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David Windsor; later The Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor; 23 June 1894 – 28 May 1972) was King of Great Britain, Ireland, the British Dominions beyond the Seas, and Emperor of India from the death of his father, George V (1910–36), on... George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 - 20 January 1936) was the first British monarch belonging to the House of Windsor, as a result of his creating it from the British branch of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. ...

Mannix was consecrated titular Bishop of Pharsalia and Coadjutor to Archbishop Carr of Melbourne in Maynooth College Chapel on 1 July 1912. Melbourne was one of the great centres of Irish emigration, where the Roman Catholic Church was almost entirely Irish. In Australia at this time, the Irish Catholics were commonly treated with disdain by the Anglo-Scottish Protestant upper class, and also as potentially disloyal. Mannix was thus regarded with suspicion from the start, and his militant advocacy on behalf of a separate Roman Catholic school system, in defiance of the general acceptance of a secular school system, made him immediately a figure of controversy.

In 1914 Australia entered World War I on the side of Britain, and when Mannix denounced the war as "just a sordid trade war", he was widely denounced as a traitor. When the Australian Labor Party government of Billy Hughes tried to introduce conscription for the war, Mannix campaigned against it and it was defeated. He spoke out more frequently about the 1917 referendum, which was also defeated. Combatants Allied Powers: Russian Empire France British Empire Italy United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary German Empire Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Commanders Nikolay II Aleksey Brusilov Georges Clemenceau Joseph Joffre Ferdinand Foch Robert Nivelle Herbert H. Asquith D. Lloyd George Sir Douglas Haig Sir John Jellicoe Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna... The Australian Labor Party (ALP) is Australias oldest political party. ... William Morris Billy Hughes, (September 25, 1862–October 28, 1952), Australian politician, was the seventh Prime Minister of Australia, the longest-serving member of the Australian Parliament, and one of the most colourful figures in Australian political history. ... The 1917 Australian plebiscite was held on 20 December 1917. ...

When the Labor Party split over conscription, Mannix supported the Catholic-dominated anti-conscription faction, led by Frank Tudor. Among the Irish Catholic politicians whose careers he encouraged were James Scullin, Frank Brennan, Joseph Lyons and, later, Arthur Calwell. In 1917, when Carr died, Mannix became Archbishop of Melbourne. Hon Frank Tudor Frank Gwynne Tudor (27 January 1866 - 10 January 1922), Australian Labor politician, was born in Melbourne, Victoria, the son of working-class immigrants from Wales. ... James Henry Scullin (September 18, 1876–January 28, 1953), Australian politician and ninth Prime Minister of Australia, was born in the small town of Trawalla, in western Victoria, the son of a railway worker of Irish Catholic descent. ... Joseph Aloysius Lyons (15 September 1879 – 7 April 1939), Australian politician, tenth Prime Minister of Australia. ... Rt Hon Arthur Calwell (with young migrant, 1949) Arthur Augustus Calwell (August 28, 1896 - July 8, 1973) Australian politician, was Leader of the Australian Labor Party from 1960 to 1967. ...

Mannix opposed the Easter Rising in 1916 and always condemned the use of force by Irish nationalists, and he counselled Australians of Irish Catholic extraction to stay out of Irish politics. However he became increasingly radicalized, and in 1919 he led an Irish republican funeral cortège through the streets of London following the death of hunger striker Terence MacSwiney, a Lord Mayor of Cork (Mannix's native county). Combatants Irish Volunteers, Irish Citizen Army, Irish Republican Brotherhood British Army Royal Irish Constabulary Commanders Patrick Pearse, James Connolly, Brigadier-General Lowe General Sir John Maxwell Strength 1250 in Dublin, c. ... Terence MacSwiney Terence MacSwiney was born in Cork City, County Cork Ireland. ...

By the end of the war Mannix was the recognised leader of the Irish community in Australia, idolised by Catholics but detested by many Anglo-Australian Protestants, including those in power federally and in Victoria - for many years he was ostracised and not invited to the official functions his position would have entitled him to attend.

Mannix formed the Irish Relief Fund, which provided financial support for the families of those shot or imprisoned by the British. When he left Australia in 1920, to visit Rome and the USA, the British government refused him permission to visit Ireland or British cities with large Irish populations, which resulted in an extended stay in Penzance. There was also a serious, though unsuccessful, move to prevent him returning to Australia. Nickname: The Eternal City Motto: SPQR: Senatus PopulusQue Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC  - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area    - City 1285 km²  (580 sq mi)  - Urban... Penzance Harbour and surrounding area as seen from the air Penzance (Cornish: Pensans) is a civil parish and port town in the Penwith district of Cornwall, England, UK. Granted various Royal Charters from 1512 onwards and incorporated in 1614,[2] it has a population of 21,168[1] people and...

Mannix supported trade unionism but opposed militancy and strikes. In the 1920s he became outspoken in opposition to the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and the Communist Party of Australia. On all matters of personal and sexual morality, he was a traditionalist and an upholder of the authority of the Church. The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or the Wobblies) is an international union currently headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. At its peak in 1923 the organization claimed some 100,000 members in good standing, and could marshal the support of perhaps 300,000 workers. ... The Communist Party of Australia was founded in 1920 and dissolved in 1991. ...

In Melbourne, Mannix was the leader of the city's largest ethnic minority as well as a religious leader, and felt he had to maintain the prestige and solidarity of the Irish community. From his palatial house, Raheen, in Kew, Melbourne, he would daily walk to and from St. Patrick's, personally greeting any of his flock that he encountered. On official engagements he was chauffered about in a large limousine. In 1920 he led an enormous St Patrick's Day parade with a guard of honour made up of Australian Irish Catholic winners of the Victoria Cross. Raheen is a mansion on Studley Park Road in the Melbourne suburb of Kew. ... Kew is a suburb of Melbourne, Australia, in the state of Victoria. ... Melbournes CBD has grown to straddle the Yarra River in three major precincts. ... St. ... Victoria Cross medal, ribbon, and bar. ...

After the Irish Free State was created in 1922, Mannix became less politically controversial and animosity to him gradually faded. From the 1930s he came to see Communism as the main threat to the Church and he became increasingly identified with political conservatism. He was a strong supporter of Lyons, who left the Labor Party in 1931 and led the conservative United Australia Party in government from 1932 until 1939, although he continued to support Catholics in the Labor Party such as Calwell. Territory of the Irish Free State Capital Dublin Language(s) Irish, English Government Constitutional monarchy Monarch  - 1922–1936 George V  - 1936–1936 George VI President of the Executive Council  - 1922–1932 W.T. Cosgrave  - 1932–1937 Eamon de Valera Legislature Oireachtas  - Upper house Seanad Éireann  - Lower house Dáil Éireann... The United Australia Party or UAP was an Australian political party that was the political successor to the Nationalist Party of Australia. ...

Mannix's best-known protege in his later years was B.A. Santamaria, a young Italian-Australian lawyer, whom Mannix appointed head of the National Secretariat of Catholic Action in 1937. After 1941, when the power of the Communist Party in the trade unions was at its height, Mannix authorised Santamaria to form the Catholic Social Studies Movement, known simply as The Movement, to organise in the unions and defeat the Communists. The Movement was so successful in its efforts that by 1949 it had taken control of the Victorian branch of the Labor Party. Bartholomew Augustine Santamaria (14 August 1915 - 25 February 1998), (known in public as B.A. Santamaria and in private as Bob), Australian political activist and journalist, was one of the most influential political figures in recent Australian history, but never held public office or joined a political party. ...

In 1951 the Liberal Party of Australia government of Robert Menzies held a referendum to give the government the constitutional power to ban the Communist Party. Mannix surprised many of his supporters by opposing this, on the grounds that it would give the Communists a propaganda victory and drive them underground: his may have been a decisive influence in the referendum's narrow defeat. This alliance with the Labor leader Dr H.V. Evatt was short-lived, however. The Liberal Party of Australia is an Australian political party. ... Sir Robert Gordon Menzies, KT, AK, CH, FRS, QC (20 December 1894 – 14 May 1978), Australian politician, was the twelfth and longest-serving Prime Minister of Australia, serving eighteen and a half years. ... Rt Hon Dr H.V. Evatt Dr Herbert Vere Evatt (April 30, 1894 - November 2, 1965), Australian jurist, politician and writer (generally known in his lifetime as Dr H.V. Evatt and popularly known as Doc) was born in Maitland, New South Wales, to a working-class family of Anglo...

The Labor Party split again in 1954 over attitudes to Communism and the Cold War. Santamaria's supporters were expelled and formed the Democratic Labor Party (DLP). Mannix covertly supported the DLP and allowed many priests and religious to work openly for it. This involvement in politics was opposed by the head of the Australian Church, Norman Cardinal Gilroy, Archbishop of Sydney, and also by the Vatican. This is believed to be the main reason why Mannix never became a Cardinal. As a mark of displeasure, Rome appointed Archbishop Justin Simonds as coadjutor to Mannix - Simonds was widely seen as Rome's man in Melbourne. For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ... The Democratic Labor Party (DLP) is a minor political party in Australia that espouses social conservatism. ... Norman Cardinal Gilroy, KBE (22 January 1896 – 21 October 1977), Australian clergyman, was the first Australian-born Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. ... Justin Daniel Simonds (Glen Innes, New South Wales, 22 May 1890 - Melbourne, 3 November 1967) was the first Australian-born Catholic Archbishop of Melbourne. ...

In 1960 Calwell became Labor leader and sought Mannix's support to bring about a reconciliation between Labor and the DLP, essential if the Menzies government was to be defeated. Some figures in the DLP supported this idea, but Mannix supported Santamaria in his resistance to such suggestions. The negotiations fell through, Menzies was re-elected in 1961, and Mannix and Calwell were permanently estranged.

By the 1960s the distinct identity of the Irish community in Melbourne was fading, and Irish Catholics were increasingly outnumbered by Italians, Maltese and other postwar immigrant Catholic communities. Mannix, who turned 90 in 1954, remained active and in full authority, but he was no longer a central figure in the city's politics. He died suddenly in November 1963, aged 99, while the Church was preparing to celebrate his 100th birthday four months later.

Newman College holds a yearly public lecture on leadership in his name. Newman College logo Newman College is a Roman Catholic, co-educational residential college affiliated with the University of Melbourne. ...

Further reading

• Niall Brennan, Dr. Mannix, Rigby Ltd., Adelaide 1964

• Bryan, Cyril. Archbishop Mannix: Champion of Australian Democracy. Melbourne: The Advocate Press, 1918.

• Brady, E. J. Doctor Mannix, Archbishop of Melbourne. Melbourne: Library of National Biography (Dominion Series), 1934.

• Murphy, Frank. Daniel Mannix – Archbishop of Melbourne. Melbourne: The Advocate Press, 1948. New and enlarged ed. Melbourne: The Polding Press, 1972.

• Ebsworth, Rev. Walter A. Archbishop Mannix. Armadale, Victoria: H. H. Stephenson, 1977.

• Gilchrist, Michael. Daniel Mannix, Priest & Patriot. Blackburn, Victoria: Dove Communications, 1982.

• Santamaria, B. A. Daniel Mannix – The Quality of Leadership. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1984.

• Kiernan, Colm. Daniel Mannix and Ireland. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1984.

External links

• Daniel Mannix at the Australian Dictionary of Biography Online
• Article in the Melbourne Age from 7 November 1963 announcing his death
• Victoria's Governor pays tribute to Dr. Mannix, statue commissioned in 1997
• Mannix: Australian-Irish network page