Prince Danilo I Petrović-Njegoš (a.k.a. Knjaz Danilo, known once as Vladika Danilo II), (May 25, 1826, Njeguši, Montenegro – August 13, 1860, Kotor, Montenegro). Danilo II Petrovic Njegos, from http://gutenberg. ... Danilo II Petrovic Njegos, from http://gutenberg. ... May 25 is the 145th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (146th in leap years). ... The oldest surviving photograph, Nicéphore Niépce, circa 1826 1826 (MDCCCXXVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... NjeguÅ¡i is a small settlement in Montenegro. ... Anthem: Oj, svijetla majska zoro Oh, the bright dawn of May Capital (and largest city) Podgorica Serbian (Ijekavian dialect)1 Government Republic  - President Filip Vujanović  - Prime Minister Željko Å turanović Independence from Serbia and Montenegro   - Declared June 3, 2006   - Recognised June 8, 2006  Area  - Total 13. ... August 13 is the 225th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (226th in leap years), with 140 days remaining. ... 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... Coordinates Mayor Marija Ćatović (DPS - SDP) Municipality area 335 km² Population (2003 census)  - city  - municipality  - density 1,331 22,947 {{{density}}} Time zone  - Standard  - Summer (DST) CET (UTC+1) CEST (UTC+2) Founded 5th Century B.C. Area code +382 82 Car plates KO Official Website [http:// ] Alley in Kotor... Anthem: Oj, svijetla majska zoro Oh, the bright dawn of May Capital (and largest city) Podgorica Serbian (Ijekavian dialect)1 Government Republic  - President Filip Vujanović  - Prime Minister Željko Å turanović Independence from Serbia and Montenegro   - Declared June 3, 2006   - Recognised June 8, 2006  Area  - Total 13. ...

Prince Danilo I of Montenegro, was the prince-bishop (Vladika) and later Prince (Knjaz) of Montenegro from 1851 to 1860. During his reign, Montenegro became a secular state, a lay principality instead of a bishopric-principality. He became involved in a war with Turkey in 1852, the Porte claiming jurisdiction in Montenegro, and the boundaries between the two countries were not defined until 1858. Danilo, with the help of his elder brother,Duke Mirko, defeated the Ottomans at Ostrog in 1853 and at Grahovo in 1858. Kniaz’ or knyaz is a word found in some Slavic languages. ... Anthem: Oj, svijetla majska zoro Oh, the bright dawn of May Capital (and largest city) Podgorica Serbian (Ijekavian dialect)1 Government Republic  - President Filip Vujanović  - Prime Minister Željko Å turanović Independence from Serbia and Montenegro   - Declared June 3, 2006   - Recognised June 8, 2006  Area  - Total 13. ... 1851 (MDCCCLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... A state is a set of institutions that possesses the exclusive legitimate authority to make the rules that govern the people in one or more societies, having internal and external sovereignty over a definite territory. ... A principality is a monarchical feudatory or sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a Monarch with the title of prince or princess (a synonym is princedom) or (in the widest sense) a Monarch with another title within the generic use of the term prince. ... In some Christian churches, the diocese is an administrative territorial unit governed by a bishop, sometimes also referred to as a bishopric or episcopal see, though more often the term episcopal see means the office held by the bishop. ... 1852 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Synonym of the government of the Ottoman Empire. ... 1858 (MDCCCLVIII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Grand Duke Mirko Petrović NjegoÅ¡ or just Mirko Petrović NjegoÅ¡ (Serbian Cyrillic: Мирко Петровић Његош (1820-1867) was a Montenegrin Serb soldier, diplomat and poet. ... Bosansko Grahovo is a town and municipality in western Bosnia and Herzegovina. ...

Danilo sent a letter to Prince Alexander Karađorđević of Serbia on the idea of Serb unification: "In front of the tent I'll serve the King if Serbdom would be ever united and unity of Serbs reached." Prince Aleksandar KaraÄ‘orÄ‘ević, oil technique, painter Uros Knezevic Aleksandar KaraÄ‘orÄ‘ević (Serbian Cyrillic Александар Карађорђевић) (1806–1885) was the prince of Serbia between 1842 and 1858. ...

And later another to Prince Mihailo Obrenović of Serbia regarding the same subject: "Let Prince Mihailo just start, I'll join him with my Montenegrins to liberate the Serb nation, with me even as an ordinary soldier." Mihailo (Michael) Obrenović III (Serbian Cyrillic Михаило Обреновић) (1823–1868) was prince of Serbia from 1839–1842 and again from 1860–1868. ...

He had one daughter, Olga.

Rise to Power as Prince

When Petar II Petrović-Njegoš died, the Senate, under the influence of Đorđije Petrović (the wealthiest Montenegrin at the time), proclaimed Petar II's elder brother Pero Tomov Petrović as Prince (not Vladika). Nevertheless, in a brief struggle for power, Pero, who commanded the support of the Senate, lost to the much younger Danilo who had much more support among people. Petar II Petrović-NjegoÅ¡ (Serbian Cyrillic: Петар II Петровић-Његош) (November 13 (November 1 Old Style), 1813 - October 31 (October 19 Old Style), 1851) was the ruler of Montenegro and the Cetinje Episcope of the Serbian Orthodox Church (Serbian: Владика). He made Montenegro a secular state and is considered by many to be among...

Prior to the determination of Petar II's successor, after making peace between Crmnica and Katunjani tribes, and being recognized by Brda and all Montenegrin tribes except for the Bjelopavlići, Danilo traveled to Vienna and then to Russia, supposedly to be ordained as Vladika, not Prince. After Danilo returned from Russia in 1852, he took Pero and his supporters by surprise, bringing with him the endorsement from the Russian tsar to become the Prince of Montenegro. Thus somewhat unexpectedly, Danilo became Prince and Pero conceded defeat by returning to his position as President of the Senate Petar II Petrović-NjegoÅ¡ (Serbian Cyrillic: Петар II Петровић-Његош) (November 13 (November 1 Old Style), 1813 - October 31 (October 19 Old Style), 1851) was the ruler of Montenegro and the Cetinje Episcope of the Serbian Orthodox Church (Serbian: Владика). He made Montenegro a secular state and is considered by many to be among... Brda (German: Brahe) is a river in north-western Poland, a tributary of the Vistula river (near Bydgoszcz), with a length of 238 kilometres (15th longest) and the basin area of 4,627 sq. ... Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Inhabitants according to official census figures: 1800 to 2005 Vienna in 1858 Vienna (German: Wien ) is the capital of Austria, and also one of the nine States of Austria. ... // Vladikas (Prince-Bishops) of Montenegro, from the Petrović-NjeguÅ¡ Dynasty, 1696-1852 Danilo I 1696-1735 Sava II 1735-1781 Vasilije joint ruler with Sava II 1750-1766 Petar I 1782-1830 Petar II 1830-1851 Danilo II 1851-1852 Princes of Montenegro, 1852-1910 Danilo II 1852-1860 Nikola...

After centuries of theocratic rule, Danilo was the first Montenegrin secular Prince who did not hold the ecclesiastical position of the Vladika. He was planning out the foundations for Montenegro turning into a kingdom but did not live long enough to see his ambitions realized. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Military Successes

It was during Knjaz Danilo's reign that Montenegro won its most important battle with Turkey and its de-facto independence.

His charismatic elder brother, Grand Duke Mirko Petrović lead 7,500 strong army and won a crucial battle against the Turks (between 7,000 and 13,000) at Grahovo on 1 May 1858. The Turkish forces were routed. A considerable arsenal of war trophies was left in the Montenegrins hands, to come handy again in the final wars of independence in 1862 and 1875-8. Grand Duke Mirko Petrović NjegoÅ¡ or just Mirko Petrović NjegoÅ¡ (Serbian Cyrillic: Мирко Петровић Његош (1820-1867) was a Montenegrin Serb soldier, diplomat and poet. ... Bosansko Grahovo is a town and municipality in western Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... May 1 is the 121st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (122nd in leap years). ... 1858 (MDCCCLVIII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

This major victory had had even more diplomatic significance. The glory of Montenegrin weapons was soon immortalized in the songs and literature of all the South Slavs, in particular the Serbs in Vojvodina , then part of Austria-Hungary. This Montenegrin victory forced the Great Powers to officially demarcate the borders between Montenegro and Turkey, de facto recognizing Montenegro's centuries-long independence. In November 1858, the commission comprised of foreign powers representatives demarcated the border between Montenegro and Turkey. Montenegro gained Grahovo, Rudine, Nikšić's Župa, more than a half of Drobnjaci, Tušina, Uskoci, Lipovo, Upper Vasojevići, and the part of Kuči and Dodoši. Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... In the context of international relations and diplomacy, power (sometimes clarified as international power, national power, or state power) is the ability of one state to influence or control other states. ... Bosansko Grahovo is a town and municipality in western Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Coordinates Mayor NebojÅ¡a Radojičić (DPS - SDP) Municipality area 2,065 km² Population (2003 census)  - city  - municipality  - density 58,212 75,282 36. ... Župa or Å»upa (Cyrillic Жупа) is a Slavic term originally denoting various territorial and other subunits, usually a small administrative division, especially a gathering of several villages. ... The Vasojević tribe (Serbian: Васојевићи) is one of the biggest Serb clans of Montenegro, occupying the area between Vjetarnih near Bijelo Polje and MateÅ¡evo to Plav. ...

Alliance with Russia and it's failure

Danilo II sought in Russia a military ally while trying not to upset Austria. His educated and wealthy wife together with Russia's failure to live up to promise for Montenegro's international recognition of full sovereignty, heavily influenced his Francophile attitude. This Francophile attitude was detrimental to Danilo's relations with Russia, Austria and Serbia, who saw the good relations between Montenegro and France as a threat to their interests.

At the same time, all major European powers worked to undermine Russian influence in Southeastern Europe, which was the strongest in Montenegro. Knowing the mood of his people, Danilo refused to compromise on sovereignty of Montenegro averting to the extent the pressure from Europeans. At the same time, Russia was in no position to help Montenegro after suffering a defeat in the Crimean War in 1854. In the subsequent Paris congress in 1856, Russian government representatives did not have enough strength to support Montenegrin demands for the independence and territorial enlargement. However, the Russian government replied on Danilo's memorandum "that the Russian government has always recognized Montenegro's independence and will always do so regardless of the position of other great powers". During the trip to France, Danilo received some financial help (200,000 franks annually) from France hoping that France would insure the formal recognition of Montenegro's sovereignty. By the same token, Napoleon III hoped that this would bring Montenegro closer to French influence on the expense of the Russia. This act of Knjaz Danilo earned many enemies since it was seen by many influential Montenegrins as a betrayal of Russia. The Balkans is the historic and geographic name used to describe southeastern Europe (see the Definitions and boundaries section below). ... Combatants United Kingdom France Ottoman Empire Kingdom of Sardinia Russian Empire Casualties 17,500 British 90,000 French 35,000 Turkish 2,050 Sardinian killed, wounded and died of disease 256,000 killed, wounded and died of disease The Crimean War lasted from 1854 until 1 April 1856 and was... 1854 (MDCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte (April 20, 1808 - January 9, 1873) was the son of King Louis Bonaparte and Queen Hortense de Beauharnais; both monarchs of the French puppet state, the Kingdom of Holland. ...

Danilo's enemies grew in numbers and included Danilo's elder brother, Grand Duke Mirko and the president of the Senate Đorđije Petrović. The plans to organize the elimination of the Prince were coined by the Montenegrin emigration led by Stevan Perović Cuca and assisted by foreign powers. Danilo's loyals managed to assassinate Perović in Instanbul but the resistance to the Prince was not over. Grand Duke Mirko Petrović NjegoÅ¡ or just Mirko Petrović NjegoÅ¡ (Serbian Cyrillic: Мирко Петровић Његош (1820-1867) was a Montenegrin Serb soldier, diplomat and poet. ...

Knjaz Danilo's Code

Danilo's Code

In domestic issues, Knjaz Danilo was an authoritarian and sometimes brutal ruler. As it happened, the centralization of his power contributed to development of the modern functions of the state. The term authoritarian is used to describe an organization or a state which enforces strong and sometimes oppressive measures against the population, generally without attempts at gaining the consent of the population. ...

Danilo used the Law of Petar I Petrović-Njegoš, as an inspiration for his own General Law of the Land from 1855 (Zakonik Danila Prvog). Danilo's Code was based on the Montenegrin traditions and customs and it is considered to be the first national constitution in Montenegrin history. It also stated rules, protected privacy and banned warring on the Austrian Coast (Bay of Kotor). It also stated: "Although there is no other nationality in this land except Serb nationality and no other religion except Eastern Orthodoxy, each foreigner and each person of different faith can live here and enjoy the same freedom and the same domestic right as Montenegrin or Highlander." Saint Peter of Cetinje Petar I Petrović NjegoÅ¡ (St. ... 1855 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The history of Montenegro begins in the early Middle Ages, after the arrival of the Slavs into that part of the former Roman province of Dalmatia that forms present-day Montenegro. ... Boka Kotorska (Bay of Kotor, Bocca di Cattaro) in Montenegro is a winding bay on the Adriatic sea. ...

Danilo organized the first census in Montenegro in 1855 and ordered that all Montenegrin households be recorded. According to the census, Montenegro population was 80,000. This article presents the demographic history of Montenegro through census results. ... Anthem: Oj, svijetla majska zoro Oh, the bright dawn of May Capital (and largest city) Podgorica Serbian (Ijekavian dialect)1 Government Republic  - President Filip Vujanović  - Prime Minister Željko Å turanović Independence from Serbia and Montenegro   - Declared June 3, 2006   - Recognised June 8, 2006  Area  - Total 13. ... 1855 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

Danilo made a taxing plan and his plan for tax collection was accepted by all Montenegrin tribes except the Kuči tribe, though it was accepted out of fear from the Prince. In order to punish the Kuči tribe, Danilo sent his elder brother Duke Mirko in 1856 to "not only to slay all leaders but also to kill even the babies in cradles". In this extremely cruel duty, Duke Mirko killed 247 people (only 17 soldiers, the rest the elderly and children), thus forcing the tribe to pay the taxes. Grand Duke Mirko Petrović NjegoÅ¡ or just Mirko Petrović NjegoÅ¡ (Serbian Cyrillic: Мирко Петровић Његош (1820-1867) was a Montenegrin Serb soldier, diplomat and poet. ...

Another atrocity was made by Danilo's forces which involved the Bjelopavlići tribe, but the damage was limited by giving high ranks to the rebel leaders of the tribe. Bjelopavlići valley, or Zeta River valley is strip of fertile lowland in Montenegro. ...

Death and Successor

Knjaz Danilo was assassinated in August, 1860 as he was boarding a ship at the port of Kotor. The assassin, Todor Kadić from the Bjelopavlići tribe, was assisted by Austrian authorities in carrying out the assassination, which is why some say this Montenegrin was an Austrian agent. The assassination was linked to the brutal mistreatment of the Bjelopavlići tribe by the Danilo's guards and his forces. The Prince (Knjaz) Nikola, Danilo's nephew, succeeded Danilo as the next secular Prince of Montenegro. 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... Coordinates Mayor Marija Ćatović (DPS - SDP) Municipality area 335 km² Population (2003 census)  - city  - municipality  - density 1,331 22,947 {{{density}}} Time zone  - Standard  - Summer (DST) CET (UTC+1) CEST (UTC+2) Founded 5th Century B.C. Area code +382 82 Car plates KO Official Website [http:// ] Alley in Kotor... Bjelopavlići valley, or Zeta River valley is strip of fertile lowland in Montenegro. ... Kniaz’ or knyaz is a word found in some Slavic languages. ... King Nikola I King Nikola I Petrović NjegoÅ¡ (Serbian Cyrillic: Краљ Никола I Петровић Његош) (October 7, 1841- March 2, 1921) was the only king of Montenegro, reigning as a king from 1910 to 1918 and as a prince from 1860 to 1910. ... // Vladikas (Prince-Bishops) of Montenegro, from the Petrović-NjeguÅ¡ Dynasty, 1696-1852 Danilo I 1696-1735 Sava II 1735-1781 Vasilije joint ruler with Sava II 1750-1766 Petar I 1782-1830 Petar II 1830-1851 Danilo II 1851-1852 Princes of Montenegro, 1852-1910 Danilo II 1852-1860 Nikola...

External links

• Official website of the Royal House of Montenegro.
• The Njegoskij Fund Public Project : Private family archives-based digital documentary fund focused on history and culture of Royal Montenegro.
• Branko Pavićević: Knjaz Danilo, in Montenegrin
• Knjaz Danilo's Law Code - in Montenegrin
• http://www.montenegro.org/danilo_v.html