The Folkeskole (English: Public school) is one type of school in Denmark, covering the entire period of compulsory education. This form of education cannot, as in the case of many other nations' education systems, be divided into primary and secondary education. Danish Education System is a sophisticated system designed to educate the people of Denmark. ... Pre-school is a type of school in Denmark covering the time before children enter compulsory education. ... Secondary education in Denmark (in Danish: ungdomsuddannelse, youth education) usually takes two to four years and is attended by students between the ages of 15 to 20. ... The Gymnasium offers a 3-year general upper secondary programme which builds on the 9th-10th form of the Folkeskole and leads to the upper secondary school exit examination. ... The Higher Preaparatory Examination (HF) is a 2-year general upper secondary programme building on to the 10th form of the Folkeskole and leading to the higher preparatory examination (the HF-examination), which qualifies for admission to higher education, subject to the special entrance regulations applying to the individual higher... The HHX-Programme Types of Institutions In Denmark, the HHX-programmes are offered at the business colleges, of which there are approximately 50 distributed all over the country. ... In Denmark, the Higher Technical Examination Programme (HTX) is a 3-year vocationally oriented general upper secondary programme which builds on the 9th-10th form of the Folkeskole. ... Vocational secondary education in Denmark (Danish: ) takes place at special state-funded vocational schools (erhvervsskoler), most of which are either technical schools (tekniske skoler) or business colleges (handelsskoler). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Popular education. ... This is a list of universities in Denmark Contents // Categories: University stubs | Lists of colleges and universities | Danish stubs | Denmark ... Education Minister of Denmark (Danish: Undervisningsminister) is a Danish minister office. ... In Denmark, the educational system has historically used a number of different systems of grading student performances, several of which are described below. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Students in Rome, Italy. ... A primary school in Český Těšín, Poland Primary education is the first stage of compulsory education. ... Secondary education - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...

Historical Overview

Legend has it that Ansgar, a French Benedictine monk, was the first missionary to visit Denmark around 822, purchased the freedom of twelve male thralls and educated them in the first school in Denmark, at Hedeby in Schleswig. This was the forerunner of the religious houses which sprang forth over the entire country from about 1100 onwards. In their cloisters, boys from surrounding villages — and occasionally girls as well — received elementary instruction in the Mass and in dogma. For the city in Iowa, see St. ... For the college, see Benedictine College. ... For other uses, see Monk (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Missionary (disambiguation). ... Hedeby (Haithabu in Old Norse; Heidiba in Latin; in Germany the name Haithabu is frequently used) was a Danish settlement and trading centre on the southern Baltic Sea coast of the Jutland Peninsula at the head of a narrow, navigable inlet, the Schlei (Danish: Slien) in the province of Schleswig... The region of Schleswig (former English name: Sleswick, Danish: Sønderjylland or Slesvig, Low German: Sleswig, North Frisian: Slaswik or Sleesweg) covers the area about 60 km north and 70 km south of the border between Germany and Denmark. ... Cloister of Saint Trophimus, in Arles, France A Cloister is part of cathedrals and abbeys architecture. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... For other senses of this word, see dogma (disambiguation). ...

However, quite early trade and crafts demanded more practical schools. The primitive writing-and-counting schools had their origins here, usually with very mediocre teachers, but they were very useful and therefore they flourished, maintained by private support and by the guilds.

The Lutheran Reformation came to Denmark from Germany in 1536. As in Germany, Protestants quickly broke up the Catholic school system. The religious houses were closed and the vast estates of the Roman Catholic Church taken over by the Crown. This meant that the state also took over such tasks as education. The Lutheran movement is a group of denominations of Protestant Christianity by the original definition. ... The Protestant Reformation was a movement which began in the 16th century as a series of attempts to reform the Roman Catholic Church, but ended in division and the establishment of new institutions, most importantly Lutheranism, Reformed churches, and Anabaptists. ... Year 1536 was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ...

The Church Law of 1539 contains Denmark's first educational legislation with a formal requirement for schools in all provincial boroughs. While new grammar schools sprang up, laying the foundation of classical humanism among the higher strata of society, the broad masses had to be content with the old Danish schools or writing schools which provided a primitive form of instruction. A grammar school is a school that may, depending on regional usage as exemplified below, provide either secondary education or, a much less common usage, primary education (also known as elementary). Grammar schools trace their origins back to medieval Europe, as schools in which university preparatory subjects, such as Latin...

A substantial stride was taken in the direction of popular education in 1721, when King Frederick IV established 240 schoolhouses bearing the royal insignia and called them Cavalry schools after a division of the country into military districts. At the same time, the new religious movement of Pietism was spreading from Germany to Denmark. It aroused among church people a sense of responsibility towards forthcoming generations and enjoyed royal support. A series of calls by the church for universal confirmation which could only be met by some degree of literacy, brought many new schools into existence. Thus, a limited kind of compulsory education was formally introduced. Year 1721 (MDCCXXI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... Frederick IV Frederick IV (October 11, 1671 - October 12, 1730) king of Denmark and Norway from 1699. ... Pietism was a movement within Lutheranism, lasting from the late-17th century to the mid-18th century. ... This article is about the ability to read and write. ...

However, it was the 'philanthropic' movement, a very active current of educational thought inspired by J.J. Rousseau in the second half of the 18th century, that first succeeded in creating a real school for ordinary people, open to all children. Jean-Jacques Rousseau Jean Jacques Rousseau (June 28, 1712 - July 2, 1778) was a Swiss-French philosopher, writer, political theorist, and self-taught composer of The Age of Enlightenment Biography of Rousseau The tomb of Rousseau in the crypt of the Panthéon, Paris Rousseau was born in Geneva, Switzerland... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ...

Planned training of teachers developed in parsonages and State training colleges, and two Education Acts were enacted in 1814, introducing better municipal primary schools and independent schools for children in rural areas all over Denmark. For university teachers, see professor. ... Year 1814 (MDCCCXIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ...

When a prolonged agricultural crisis and economic slump after the Napoleonic wars threatened to cripple the entire educational reform programme, the government had to resort to a distressingly mechanical method of education, the so-called Bell-Lancaster method imported from the industrial north of England, which reduced the number of teachers by a drastic simplification of the curriculum to enable preposterously large numbers of pupils to be taught by a single individual. After some years, this method provoked increasing opposition from parents, who wanted more liberal and inspiring forms of education. Their demands received vigorous support from the poet-clergyman, N.F.S. Grundtvig, who has exercised a powerful influence on the development of Danish schools. Grundtvig wanted to reduce the task of children's schools to no more than the teaching of reading, writing and arithmetic in order to make room, either at home or at school, for a liberal narrative education that would build on the natural potential for development inherent in the child's mind. Combatants Austria[1] Portugal Prussia[1] Russia[2] Sicily  Spain[3]  Sweden United Kingdom[4] French Empire Holland Italy Naples [5] Duchy of Warsaw Bavaria[6] Saxony[7] Denmark-Norway [8] Commanders Archduke Charles Prince Schwarzenberg Karl Mack von Leiberich João Francisco de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun Gebhard von... The Bell-Lancaster method, named after the British educators Dr Andrew Bell and Joseph Lancaster who both independently developed it, was an education method that became popular at a global scale during the early 19th century. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... Nicolai Frederik Severin Grundtvig (September 8, 1783 - September 2, 1872) was a Danish writer, poet, philosopher, historian, priest, educationalist and even politician. ...

Grundtvig's ideas were translated into practice by Christen Kold, who created a distinctively Danish parent-controlled school known as the free school as an alternative to state-sponsored education, exercising a growing influence over the latter's mode of functioning.

The Education Act of 1894 improved teacher training in several important respects. As Danish agriculture continued to modernise Danish society continued to urbanise of society brought new Education Acts around 1900, which changed the Danish basic school by expanding its curriculum. A four year middle school for students over 11 years, was established in 1903 to form a bridge between the Folkeskole and the Realskole (lower secondary school) and the Gymnasium. The middle schools rapidly attained great popularity, and over the next half-century, large numbers of children and young people used them as a stepping stone to upper secondary education. Urbanization is the degree of or increase in urban character or nature. ... Äž: For the film, see: 1900 (film). ... 1900 (MCMIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Friday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... The Gymnasium offers a 3-year general upper secondary programme which builds on the 9th-10th form of the Folkeskole and leads to the upper secondary school exit examination. ...

The strong attraction to the upper classes to the Folkeskole gradually weakened. Since the conception of the welfare state was intensifying the demand for social equality and democratisation, middle schools were reorganised in 1958 to include two academic paths: a 3-year academically oriented real department and the 8th-10th forms. The Welfare State of the United Kingdom was prefigured in the William Beveridge Report in 1942, which identified five Giant Evils in society: squalor, ignorance, want, idleness and disease. ... Social equality is a social state of affairs in which certain different people have the same status in a certain respect, minimally at least in voting rights, freedom of speech and assembly, and property rights. ... For other uses, see Democracy (disambiguation). ... Year 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

New acts in 1937, 1958, and 1975 reflected the demands of a new age in terms of equal access to all forms of education. The act of 1975 abolished the real-department and introduced two completely new examinations: the Exit Examination of the Folkeskole and the Advanced Exit Examination of the Folkeskole held on a single-subject basis.

A new act in 1990 introduced new provisions regarding the administration of the schools with more managerial competence vested in the headteacher and the setting up of school boards with large parental representation. Finally, another act that came into force in 1994 stiuplated that the Folkeskole give a student the opportunity to develop as many of their talents as possible. One of the watchwords of the new act is differentiated teaching, or that teaching should be adapted as much as possible to the individual student. Year 1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ...

Types of Institutions

There are different ways of meeting the rules pertaining to compulsory education: by attending the municipal Folkeskole, a private school, by home tuition, or as far as the last 2-3 years of the basic school are concerned by attending one of the alternative school forms: the efterskole, or the youth schools.

Municipal Folkeskole

Municipal Folkeskoles have about 88% of all pupils of compulsory school age. They provide basic education free of charge to children between the ages of 6 and 17, or through the voluntary pre-school, the 9 years of compulsory education, to the voluntary 10th year.

There are three different types of Folkeskoles, those with a pre-school and 1st-10th form levels, those with a pre-school and 1st-7th form levels, and those with only three or more consecutive form levels. The latter may be placed under the management of another school, unless the enrolmment is more than 100.

Compulsory education can thus not be met fully in the second or third type of schools, and students in such school have to switch schools after the 7th form. The first type of school is common in areas with large pupil-basis, whereas more thinly populated municipalities may have a number of the second and third type school and only one or two of the first type. The smallest school has six students and the largest 892, with the average school containing 320 pupils (1999). Denmark is divided into 13 counties (amter), and 271 municipalities (kommuner). ...

Admission Requirements

Any child resident in Denmark is subject to 9 years of compulsory education from the age of 7 to 16. Pre-school and the 10th form are not compulsory. Also children who are to live in Denmark for a minimum of 6 months are subject to the regulations on compulsory education. Compulsory education means an obligation to participate in the teaching of the Folkeskole or in a teaching which is comparable to what is usually required in the Folkeskole.

Compulsory education commences on 1 August of the calendar year of the child's 7th birthday, and it terminates on 31 July, when the child has received regular instruction for 9 years, excluding pre-school. At the request of the parents or with their consent, a child's education may be postponed to one year after the normal commencement of compulsory education, when such a step is justified by the child's development. A child may also — at the request of their parents, and if they are considered able to follow the instruction — be admitted before their 7th birthday. is the 213th day of the year (214th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 212th day of the year (213th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Private Schools

Private, or free elementary, schools catered to 12.9% of students in 2004/05 of basic school age (including the voluntary pre-school class and the voluntary 10th form).

In the spring of 1991, the Danish Parliament adopted a new private school act, which introduced a new public grant system for private schools giving them a grant towards the operational expenditures per pupil per year, which in principle matches the corresponding public expenditures in the municipal schools - less the fees paid by the parents of the pupils in the private schools. Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ... The Folketing, or Folketinget, is the name of the national parliament of Denmark. ...

In 1999, the average grant towards the operational expenditures per pupil per year amounted to DKK 34,134 (USD 5,500) and the average fees paid by the parents amounted to DKK 6,942 (USD 1,100). This article is about the year. ... ISO 4217 Code DKK User(s) Denmark, Greenland, Faroe Islands 1 Inflation 1. ... USD redirects here. ...

Private schools can be roughly divided into the following categories:

• Small "Grundtvigian" independent schools in rural districts.
• Religious or congregational schools, such as Catholic or Danish mission schools
• Progressive free schools
• Schools with a particular pedagogical objective, such as the Rudolf Steiner schools
• German minority schools
• Immigrant schools such as Muslim schools

Private schools are recognised and receive government financing regardless of the ideological, religious, political, or ethnic motivation behind their establishment. Some private schools are very old, some quite new, and new ones are added all the time. It is characteristic of the private schools that they are smaller than municipal schools. Various Religious symbols, including (first row) Christian, Jewish, Hindu, Bahai, (second row) Islamic, tribal, Taoist, Shinto (third row) Buddhist, Sikh, Hindu, Jain, (fourth row) Ayyavazhi, Triple Goddess, Maltese cross, pre-Christian Slavonic Religion is the adherence to codified beliefs and rituals that generally involve a faith in a spiritual... A congregation is the group of members who make up a local Christian church, Jewish synagogue, Mosque or other religious assembly. ... Rudolf Steiner. ... Immigration is the act of moving to or settling in another country or region, temporarily or permanently. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ...

All that is demanded of private schools is that their teaching equal that of the municipal schools. The Ministry of Education confers on private schools the right to use the final examinations of the Folkeskole, thereby exercising a certain extent of quality control. In principle, however, it is not up to any government authority but to the parents of each private school to check that its performance measures up to the demands set for the municipal schools.

The parents must themselves choose a supervisor to check the pupils' level of achievement in Danish, arithmetic, mathematics, and English. If the school is found inadequate, the supervisor must report it to the municipal school authority. In extraordinary circumstances, the Ministry of Education may establish special supervision, for example if there is reason to believe that the school teaches a subject so poorly that it may give the pupils problems later on in life. Arithmetic tables for children, Lausanne, 1835 Arithmetic or arithmetics (from the Greek word αριθμός = number) is the oldest and most elementary branch of mathematics, used by almost everyone, for tasks ranging from simple day-to-day counting to advanced science and business calculations. ... Euclid, Greek mathematician, 3rd century BC, as imagined by by Raphael in this detail from The School of Athens. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...

Levels and Age Groups

The Folkeskole consists of a voluntary pre-school class, the 9-year obligatory course and a voluntary 10th year. It thus caters for pupils aged 6 to 17.

The comprehensive concept of the Folkeskole enables students to remain in the same student group with the same classmates from the 1st to the 9th (or 10th) form, sharing the same experiences in all subjects with peers of all types of backgrounds and covering the whole range of ability.

The new act, which came into effect for the school year 1994-95, has abolished the division of the subjects of arithmetic, mathematics, English, German, physics, and chemistry into basic and advanced level courses in the 8th to 10th forms, introducing a system of differentiated teaching, by which the teachers have to adapt their teaching to the prerequisites of the individual pupil. Arithmetic tables for children, Lausanne, 1835 Arithmetic or arithmetics (from the Greek word αριθμός = number) is the oldest and most elementary branch of mathematics, used by almost everyone, for tasks ranging from simple day-to-day counting to advanced science and business calculations. ... Euclid, Greek mathematician, 3rd century BC, as imagined by by Raphael in this detail from The School of Athens. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... A magnet levitating above a high-temperature superconductor demonstrates the Meissner effect. ... For other uses, see Chemistry (disambiguation). ...

General Objectives

Section 1 of the Act of the Folkeskole of 1994 states that:

"The Folkeskole shall — in co-operation with the parents — further the pupils' acquisition of knowledge, skills, working methods and ways of expressing themselves and thus contribute to the all-round personal development of the individual pupil.

"The Folkeskole shall endeavour to create such opportunities for experience, industry and absorption that the pupils develop awareness, imagination and an urge to learn, so that they acquire confidence in their own possibilities and a background for forming independent judgements and for taking personal action.

"The Folkeskole shall familiarise the pupils with Danish culture and contribute to their understanding of other cultures and of man's interaction with nature. The school shall prepare the pupils for active participation, joint responsibility, rights and duties in a society based on freedom and democracy. The teaching of the school and its daily life must therefore build on intellectual freedom, equality and democracy."

Subjects of the Folkeskole

The subjects taught in the Folkeskole can be divided into obligatory subjects and topics offered throughout the entire period of the Folkeskole and optional subjects and topics offered in the 8th to 10th year of the Folkeskole.

Obligatory Subjects

The teaching in the nine-year basic school covers the following subjects which are compulsory for all pupils:

Danish, Christian studies — including in the oldest forms instruction in foreign religions and other philosophies of life, PE and sport, and mathematics during the entire 9-year period; English from the 4th to the 9th year; history from the 3rd to the 8th year; music from the 1st to the 6th year; science from the 1st to the 6th year; art from the 1st to the 5th year; social studies in the 9th year; geography¹ and biology² in the 7th and the 8th years; physics and chemistry in the 7th to 9th year; needlework, wood- or metalwork and cooking for one or more years between the 4th and 7th year. For other uses, see Christian (disambiguation). ... Euclid, Greek mathematician, 3rd century BC, as imagined by by Raphael in this detail from The School of Athens. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... This article is about the study of time in human terms. ... For other uses, see Music (disambiguation). ... Part of a scientific laboratory at the University of Cologne. ... This article is about the philosophical concept of Art. ... Social studies is a term used to describe the broad study of the various fields which involve past and current human behavior and interactions. ... Biology studies the variety of life (clockwise from top-left) E. coli, tree fern, gazelle, Goliath beetle Biology (from Greek: βίος, bio, life; and λόγος, logos, knowledge), also referred to as the biological sciences, is the study of living organisms utilizing the scientific method. ... A magnet levitating above a high-temperature superconductor demonstrates the Meissner effect. ... For other uses, see Chemistry (disambiguation). ... Needlework is another term for the handicraft of decorative sewing and textile arts. ... For other uses, see Wood (disambiguation). ... This article is about metallic materials. ... Cooking is the act of preparing food. ...

The instruction in the basic school furthermore comprises the following obligatory topics: traffic safety, health and sex education and family planning as well as educational, vocational and labour market orientation. An early 20th century post card documents the problem of unwanted pregnancy. ... Oral contraceptives. ...

Optional Subjects

The second foreign language, German or French, must be offered in the 7th to 9th year.

The following optional subjects and topics may be offered to the pupils in the 8th to 10th year: French or German as a third foreign language, word processing, technology, media, art, photography, film, drama, music, needlework, wood- or metalwork, home economics, engine knowledge, other workshop subjects, and vocational studies. Furthermore, Latin may be offered to the pupils in the 10th year. Word processing, in its now-usual meaning, is the use of a word processor to create documents using computers. ... By the mid 20th century humans had achieved a mastery of technology sufficient to leave the surface of the Earth for the first time and explore space. ... This article is about the philosophical concept of Art. ... Photography [fәtɑgrәfi:],[foʊtɑgrәfi:] is the process of recording pictures by means of capturing light on a light-sensitive medium, such as a film or electronic sensor. ... This article is about motion pictures. ... This does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses, see Music (disambiguation). ... Needlework is another term for the handicraft of decorative sewing and textile arts. ... For other uses, see Wood (disambiguation). ... This article is about metallic materials. ... Family and consumer sciences, or home economics, is an academic discipline concerning consumer science, nutrition, cooking, parenting, interior decoration, textiles, gardening, and other subjects related to home management. ... For other uses, see Engine (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Latin (disambiguation). ...

The teaching in the 10th form comprises the following subjects as obligatory subjects: Danish, mathematics, and English to an extent corresponding to a total of 14 lessons a week (i.e. half of the minimum weekly teaching time). Instruction must be offered in PE and sport, Christian studies and religious education, social studies and physics or chemistry. Furthermore, pupils who have chosen German or French as second foreign language in the 7th to 9th years must be offered continued instruction in that subject in the 10th year. Euclid, Greek mathematician, 3rd century BC, as imagined by by Raphael in this detail from The School of Athens. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...

The pupils in the 8th to 10th year must choose at least one optional subject.

Pupil Evaluation

There are two ways of carrying out evaluation in the Folkeskole: continuous evaluation and the evaluation made at examinations.

Continuous Evaluation

The student's benefit from the teaching is being evaluated on a continuous basis. This evaluation forms the basis of the guidance of the individual pupil with a view to the further planning of the teaching.

In addition to the basic skills, the Folkeskole is required by law to help promote the personal and social development of each individual student according to their capability. Working methods are modified towards the pupil's attainment of greater self-reliance and maturity. This aspect of pedagogic policy requires close co-operation between school and home, and an ongoing dialogue is sought between teachers, parents and pupils.

The act is very clear on this point, requiring that pupils and parents be regularly informed of the school's opinion about how each student is profiting from their schooling. In this case, regularly means at least twice a year and refers explicitly to information as to the students's personal and social development as well as his purely academic attainment.

In the 1st to 7th year, information is given either in writing or, which is more common, as part of the conversational exchanges between all three parties: pupil, parents and class teacher - which are a regular feature of Danish school life.

In the 8th to 10th year, the information system is increased to include a written report at least twice a year giving the pupil's * standpoint in academic achievement and in application. For pupils at this level, the evaluation of the level of attainment in the individual subjects is expressed in marks.

Marks are given according to the 7-point marking scale indicating the performance of the pupil:

• 12: For an excellent performance.

• 10: For a very good performance.

• 7: For a good performance.

• 4: For a fair performance.

• 02: For an adequate performance.

• 00: For an inadequate performance.

• -3: For an unacceptable performance.

The last such marks are given immediately before the written examinations and express the pupils' proficiency in the subject at that particular time.

The marking scale was changed April 2007 (order by Danish ministry of Education, Order no. 262 of 20 March 2007), to be comparable to the ETCS scale:

• The grade 12 on the 7-point grading scale corresponds to an A on the ECTS grading scale

• The grade 10 on the 7-point grading scale corresponds to a B on the ECTS grading scale

• The grade 7 on the 7-point grading scale corresponds to a C on the ECTS grading scale

• The grade 4 on the 7-point grading scale corresponds to a D on the ECTS grading scale

• The grade 02 on the 7-point grading scale corresponds to an E on the ECTS grading scale

• The grade 00 on the 7-point grading scale corresponds to an Fx on the ECTS grading scale

• The grade -3 on the 7-point grading scale corresponds to an F on the ECTS grading scale

Examinations

Examinations are held at two levels: The leaving examination after the 9th and 10th year and the 10th form examination. Standard rules have been developed for all the examinations with a view to ensuring uniformity throughout the country. For the same reason, the written examination questions are set and marked at central level. Examinations are not compulsory. The pupils decide whether or not to sit for examinations in a subject upon consultation with the school, or in practice, their own teachers and their parents. But, in general 90- 95% write the leaving examination after the 9th year of the folkeskole and 85-90% write the leaving examination after the 10th year.

Notes

1. As of the schoolyear 2006/07, geography will be mandatory for the 9th year, and also be included in examinations.
2. As of the schoolyear 2005/06, biology will be mandatory for the 9th year, and also be included in examinations.