The The Royal Navy is the navy of the United Kingdom. It operates a number of aircraft carriers, destroyers, frigates, fifteen nuclear submarines, and various other ships, as well as aircraft, and the UKs amphibious force: the Royal Marines. The Royal Navy is the largest navy in Western Europe. Like... British Royal Navy's unsuccessful attempt in February is the second month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. It is the shortest Gregorian month and the only month with the length of 28 or 29 days. The month has 29 days in leap years, when the year number (eg 2004) is a multiple of four (but... February 1807 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). Events February - Napoleon attacks Russia February 6 - Naval Engagement February 8 - Battle of Eylau - Napoleon defeats Russians under General Benigssen February 19 - In Alabama, Former Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr is arrested for treason. March... 1807 to impose The word Britain is used to refer to the United Kingdom (UK) the island of Great Britain, which consists of the countries of England, Scotland, and Wales sometimes the Roman province called Britain or Britannia The word British generally means belonging to or associated with Britain in either of the... British demands on the The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Imperial motto El Muzaffer Daima The Ever Victorious (as written in tugra) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital İstanbul ( Constantinople/Asitane/Konstantiniyye ) Sovereigns Sultans of the Osmanli Dynasty Population ca 40 million Area 12+ million km² Establishment 1299 Dissolution October... Ottoman Empire.

The previous year, the The French Republic or France ( French: République française or France) is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in western Europe, and which is further made up of a collection of overseas islands and territories located in other continents. France is a democracy organised as a... French envoy Sebastiani had been dispatched to This article needs cleanup. Please edit this article to conform to a higher standard of article quality. Suleymaniye Mosque seen from Tepebaşı (January 2005) Istanbul (Turkish: İstanbul) is the largest city in Turkey, located in the northwest of the country where the Bosporus joins the Sea of... Istanbul with orders to bring about The Republic of Turkey is a country located in Southwest Asia with a small part of its territory (3%) in southeastern Europe. Until 1922, the country was the center of the Ottoman Empire. The Anatolian peninsula, between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, forms the core of the country... Turkey's re-entry into the The Napoleonic Wars lasted from 1804 until 1815. They were a continuation of the conflicts sparked by the French Revolution and covered the duration of the First French Empire. The First and Second Coalitions For a more detailed account see the French Revolutionary Wars. The First Coalition (1792-1797) of... war. Sultam Sultan Selim III Selim III (December 24, 1761 – July 28/29, 1808) was a sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1789–1807). He was a son of Mustafa III and succeeded his uncle Abd-ul-Hamid I. The talents and energy with which he was endowed had endeared him... Selim III set about preparations for war with The Russian Federation ( Russian: Росси́йская Федера́ция, transliteration: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya or Rossijskaja Federacija), or Russia (Russian: Росси́я, transliteration: Rossiya or Rossija), is a country that stretches... Russia after positively receiving Sebastiani. The Russian emperor, Alexander III may refer to any of the following; Alexander III (emperor), Byzantine emperor (912-913) Pope Alexander III pope from 1159 to 1181 Alexander III of Russia (1845-1894), emperor of Russia Alexander III of Scotland (1241-1285), king of Scotland Alexander III of Macedon - Alexander the Great This... Alexander III, was alarmed by these developments as he had already deployed a significant force to The Republic of Poland, a democratic country with a population of 38,626,349 and area of 312,685 km², is located in Central Europe, between Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and the Baltic Sea, Lithuania... Poland and East Prussia (German: Ostpreu en; Polish: Prusy Wschodnie; Russian: Восточная Пруссия — Vostochnaya Prussiya) was a province of Kingdom of Prussia, situated on the territory of former Ducal Prussia. The northern part of East Prussia corresponds... East Prussia to fight the advancing French forces under Emperor For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). Portrait of Napoléon Bonaparte Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a general and ruler of the French Republic. He was a general of the French Revolution and became the effective ruler of France in 1799: he was First... Napoleon I. Alexander requested British assistance in keeping Turkey out of the war.

The British army was far too small and inadequate to impose the will of the Coalition on the Ottomans, so it naturally fell to the powerful Royal Navy to meet Russia's requests. A sizeable flotilla under Vice-Admiral Cuthbert Collingwood, commander-in-chief of the British The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2.5 million km². Name The term Mediterranean derives from the Latin mediterraneus, inland (medius, middle + terra, land, earth). The Mediterranean Sea... Mediterranean Fleet, sailed for the Dardanelles and made preparations for the upcoming assault.

In the meantime, the British ambassador to Istanbul, Arbuthnot, demanded that the Ottoman government evict Sebastiani, and added that should the Ottomans resist the ultimatum, the Mediterranean fleet would attack.

The actual force that had been chosen by Collingwood to carry out the operation was small -- only eight ships-of-the-line supported by a number of smaller craft. In addition, four Russian ships-of-the-line under Admiral Siniavin were sent to support the British. Admiral Duckworth, who commanded the British, was under orders to bombard Istanbul and seize the Turkish battle fleet.

However, despite the British ultimatum, on December 27 is the 361st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. (362nd in a leap year). There are 4 days remaining. Events 1703 - Portugal and England sign the Methuen Treaty which gives preference to Portuguese imported wines into England. 1831 - Charles Darwin embarks on his historic journey aboard... December 27 Selim issued a declaration of war on Russia. Early in the new year, 1807, a British frigate evacuated British nationals from the Ottoman capital. A formal declaration of war had not yet been sent by London and the two powers were still technically allied. On February 10 is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 324 days remaining, 325 in leap years. Events 1258 - Mongols overrun Baghdad, burning it to the ground and killing 10,000 citizens. 1635 - The Académie française in Paris is expanded to become a... February 10, Duckworth's fleet cocnentrated at the mouth of the Dardanelles.

The presence of British and Russian vessels at the mouth of the Dardanelles caused Sebastiani to begin overseeing the improvement of the Turkish shore batteries. When Duckworth entered the Dardanelles on the morning of February 19 is the 50th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 315 days remaining, 316 in leap years. Events 607 - Boniface III becomes Pope. 1674 - England and the Netherlands sign the Peace of Westminster. A provision of the agreement transfers the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam... February 19, these batteries commenced firing on the British . However, the absence of significant numbers of Turkish troops, due to the end of Ramadan, meant the batteries were ineffective and the fleet quickly reached the The Sea of Marmara (Turkish: Marmara denizi, Modern Greek: Μαρμαρα̃ Θάλασσα or Προποντίδα) (also known as the Sea of Marmora or the Marmara Sea) is an inland sea... Sea of Marmara.

Still not technically at war, the Turkish delayed Duckworth with token negotiations whilst the French engineering officers under Sebastiani completed their improvements on the defences of the shoreline. After suffering extensive damage and the loss of over a hundred men, Duckworth withdrew without ever attempting a bombardment of Istanbul, due to fears of the shore batteries.

He then demanded infantry that could be landed to seize the shore batteries, but such forces were denied to him due to the weakness of the British army. He did not make a second attempt on the Dardanelles -- a decision that has earned him much criticism, but was proably quite reasonable considering the powerful shore batteries. Any attempt to seize the Turkish fleet would have most probably failed and resulted in much higher British casualties.

The entire operation was a failure, but was not overly costly. Long after France and Russia had made peace, the Ottomans would remain at war with their northern neighbour, draining a significant portion of the Russian army, which also became involved in operations against The Kingdom of Sweden ( Swedish: Konungariket Sverige  listen?) is a Nordic country in Scandinavia, in Northern Europe. It is bordered by Norway on the west, Finland on the northeast, the Skagerrak Strait and the Kattegat Strait on the southwest, and the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Bothnia on... Sweden in The Republic of Finland ( Finnish: Suomen tasavalta, Swedish: Republiken Finland) is a Nordic country in northeastern Europe, bordered by the Baltic Sea to the southwest, the Gulf of Finland to the southeast and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west. Finland has land frontiers with Sweden, Norway and Russia and... Finland and later in the resumption of hostilities against France in Events January 1 - the Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, the Austrian civil code enters into force in the Austrian Empire February 2 - Russia establishes a fur trading colony at Fort Ross, California February 7 - The strongest in a series of massive earthquakes near New Madrid, Missouri, est. >8 on Richter... 1812.