NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Darwin (operating system)

Darwin is a free and open source, Unix-like operating system first released by Apple Inc. in 2000. It is a standalone operating system as well as the core set of components upon which Mac OS X was developed. It is primarily developed by Apple to support Mac OS X. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1080x675, 543 KB) Summary Source: http://yves. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Hexley, the mascot of OpenDarwin OpenDarwin is a freely available, multi-platform BSD / Mach 3. ... It has been suggested that software publisher be merged into this article or section. ... A software developer is a person who is concerned with one or more facets of the software development process, a somewhat broader scope of computer programming or a specialty of project managing. ... Apple Inc. ... BSD redirects here; for other uses see BSD (disambiguation). ... NEXTSTEP is the original object-oriented, multitasking operating system that NeXT Computer, Inc. ... Clockwise from top: The logo of the GNU Project (the GNU head), the Linux kernel mascot Tux the Penguin, and the FreeBSD daemon Free software is a term coined by Richard Stallman and the Free Software Foundation[1] to refer to software that can be used, studied, and modified without... ... is the 171st day of the year (172nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... A kernel connects the application software to the hardware of a computer. ... Graphical overview of a hybrid kernel Hybrid kernel is a kernel architecture based on combining aspects of microkernel and monolithic kernel architectures used in computer operating systems. ... XNU is the name of the kernel that Apple acquired and developed for use in the Mac OS X operating system and released as open source as part of the Darwin operating system. ... A software license is a legal agreement which may take the form of a proprietary or gratuitous license as well as a memorandum of contract between a producer and a user of computer software. ... The Apple Public Source License is the open source license under which Apple Computers Darwin Project was released. ... A website (alternatively, Web site or web site) is a collection of Web pages, images, videos and other digital assets that is hosted on one or several Web server(s), usually accessible via the Internet, cell phone or a LAN. A Web page is a document, typically written in HTML... Clockwise from top: The logo of the GNU Project (the GNU head), the Linux kernel mascot Tux the Penguin, and the FreeBSD daemon Free software is a term coined by Richard Stallman and the Free Software Foundation[1] to refer to software that can be used, studied, and modified without... ... Diagram of the relationships between several Unix-like systems A Unix-like operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, while not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification. ... // An operating system (OS) is a set of computer programs that manage the hardware and software resources of a computer. ... Apple Inc. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Mac OS X (official IPA pronunciation: ) is a line of proprietary, graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc. ...

History

Darwin can trace its heritage back to NeXT's NEXTSTEP operating system (later known as OPENSTEP), originally released in 1989. After Apple's 1997 acquisition of NeXT, the company announced it would use OPENSTEP as the basis for its next operating system. This was developed into Rhapsody in 1997 and the Rhapsody-based Mac OS X Server 1.0 in 1999. In 2000, Rhapsody was forked into Darwin and released as open-source software under the Apple Public Source License (APSL), and components from Darwin are present in Mac OS X today. For other meanings, see Next. ... NEXTSTEP is the original object-oriented, multitasking operating system that NeXT Computer, Inc. ... The OPENSTEP desktop. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar). ... Rhapsody was the code name given to Apple Computers next-generation operating system during the period of its development between Apples purchase of NeXT in late 1996 and the announcement of Mac OS X in 1998. ... Mac OS X Server 1. ... Year 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar). ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... In software, a project fork or branch happens when a developer (or a group of them) takes code from a project and starts to develop independently of the rest. ... Open source software is computer software whose source code is available under a license (or arrangement such as the public domain) that permits users to study, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified form. ... The Apple Public Source License is the open source license under which Apple Computers Darwin Project was released. ...

Design

Kernel

Darwin is built around XNU, a hybrid kernel that combines the Mach 3 microkernel, various elements of FreeBSD 5 (including the process model, network stack, and virtual file system), and an object-oriented device driver API called I/O Kit.[1] XNU is the name of the kernel that Apple acquired and developed for use in the Mac OS X operating system and released as open source as part of the Darwin operating system. ... Graphical overview of a hybrid kernel Hybrid kernel is a kernel architecture based on combining aspects of microkernel and monolithic kernel architectures used in computer operating systems. ... Mach is an operating system microkernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University to support operating system research, primarily distributed and parallel computation. ... Graphical overview of a microkernel A microkernel is a minimal computer operating system kernel providing only basic operating system services (system calls), while other services (commonly provided by kernels) are provided by user-space programs called servers. ... FreeBSD is a Unix-like free operating system descended from AT&T UNIX via the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) branch through the 386BSD and 4. ... A protocol stack is a particular software implementation of a computer networking protocol suite. ... A virtual file system (VFS) or virtual filesystem switch is an abstraction layer on top of a more concrete file system. ... Windows XP loading drivers during a Safe Mode bootup A device driver, or a software driver is a specific type of computer software, typically developed to allow interaction with hardware devices. ... API may refer to: In computing, application programming interface In petroleum industry, American Petroleum Institute In education, Academic Performance Index This page concerning a three-letter acronym or abbreviation is a disambiguation page â€” a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The I/O Kit is an open-source framework in the XNU kernel that helps developers code device drivers for Darwin-enabled operating systems (one popularly known as Apples Mac OS X.) The I/O Kit framework was originally introduced at the release of Mac OS X along with...

Some of the benefits of this choice of kernel are the Mach-O binary format, which allows a single executable file (including the kernel itself) to support multiple CPU architectures, and the mature support for symmetric multiprocessing in Mach. The hybrid kernel design compromises between the flexibility of a microkernel and the performance of a monolithic kernel. Mach-O, short for Mach object file format, is a file format for executables and object code. ... CPU can stand for: in computing: Central processing unit in journalism: Commonwealth Press Union in law enforcement: Crime prevention unit in software: Critical patch update, a type of software patch distributed by Oracle Corporation in Macleans College is often known as Ash Lim. ... Symmetric Multiprocessing, or SMP, is a multiprocessor computer architecture where two or more identical processors are connected to a single shared main memory. ... It has been suggested that Monolithic system be merged into this article or section. ...

Hardware and software support

Darwin currently includes support for both 32-bit and 64-bit variants of both the PowerPC and Intel x86 processors. As the iPhone uses an ARM processor, Apple might have ported the Darwin code to ARM as well, although no version of Darwin that supports ARM has been released. 32-bit is a term applied to processors, and computer architectures which manipulate the address and data in 32-bit chunks. ... In computing, a 64-bit component is one in which data are processed or stored in 64-bit units (words). ... PowerPC is a RISC microprocessor architecture created by the 1991 Appleâ€“IBMâ€“Motorola alliance, known as AIM. Originally intended for personal computers, PowerPC CPUs have since become popular embedded and high-performance processors as well. ... x86 or 80x86 is the generic name of a microprocessor architecture first developed and manufactured by Intel. ... A microprocessor is a programmable digital electronic component that incorporates the functions of a central processing unit (CPU) on a single semiconducting integrated circuit (IC). ... The correct title of this article is . ... The ARM architecture (previously, the Advanced RISC Machine, and prior to that Acorn RISC Machine) is a 32-bit RISC processor architecture developed by ARM Limited that is widely used in a number of embedded designs. ...

It supports the POSIX API by way of its FreeBSD lineage and can run a large number of programs written for various other Unix-like systems. POSIX or Portable Operating System Interface[1] is the collective name of a family of related standards specified by the IEEE to define the application programming interface (API) for software compatible with variants of the Unix operating system. ... Diagram of the relationships between several Unix-like systems A Unix-like operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, while not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification. ...

Darwin and OS X both use I/O Kit for their drivers and therefore support the same hardware, file systems, and so forth. Apple's distribution of Darwin includes binary-only (closed-source) drivers for their AirPort wireless cards. Closed source is an antonym for open source and refers to any program whose license does not meet the definition of Open-source software. ...

Darwin does not include many of the defining elements of Mac OS X, such as the Carbon and Cocoa APIs or the Quartz Compositor and Aqua user interface, and thus cannot run Mac applications. It does, however, support a number of lesser known features of OS X, such as mDNSResponder, which is the multicast DNS responder and a core component of the Bonjour networking technology, and launchd, an advanced service management framework. Carbon is the codename of Apple Computers API for the Macintosh operating system, which permits a good degree of forward and backward compatibility between source code written to run on the classic Mac OS, and the newer Mac OS X. The APIs are published and accessed in the form... A Cocoa application being developed using Xcode. ... Quartz Compositor is the window server in Mac OS X. It is responsible for presenting and maintaining rasterized, rendered graphics from the rest of the Core Graphics framework and other renderers in the Quartz technologies family. ... Mac OS X 10. ... Routing Schemes anycast broadcast multicast unicast Multicast is sometimes also used to refer to a multiplexed broadcast, although that is a very different thing and should not be confused. ... It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles. ... Bonjour, formerly CrapTopia, is Apple Inc. ... launchd is a unified, open source service management framework for starting, stopping and managing daemons, programs and scripts. ... Service Management is integrated into Supply Chain Management as the joint between the actual sales and the customer. ... Look up Framework in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

License

In July 2003, Apple released Darwin under version 2.0 of the APSL license, which the Free Software Foundation (FSF) approved as a free software license. Previous releases had taken place under an earlier version of the APSL that did not meet the FSF's definition of free software, although it met the requirements of the Open Source Definition. Note that APSL license is currently not compatible with the GNU General Public License. 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Apple Public Source License is the open source license under which Apple Computers Darwin Project was released. ... The Free Software Foundation (FSF) is a non-profit corporation founded in October 1985 by Richard Stallman to support the free software movement (free as in freedom), and in particular the GNU project. ... Free software is software which grants recipients the freedom to modify and redistribute the software. ... The Open Source Definition is used by the Open Source Initiative to determine whether or not a software license can be considered open source. ... The GNU logo The GNU General Public License (GNU GPL or simply GPL) is a widely-used free software license, originally written by Richard Stallman for the GNU project. ...

Mascot

The Darwin developers decided to adopt a mascot in 2000, and chose Hexley the platypus over other contenders, such as an Aqua Darwin fish, Clarus the dogcow, and an orca. Apple does not sanction Hexley as a logo for Darwin. Millie, once mascot of the City of Brampton, is now the Brampton Arts Councils representative. ... Hexley the Platypus Hexley is the mascot of the open source operating system, Darwin, which is the core of Apple Computers Mac OS X operating system. ... Mac OS X 10. ... The ichthys symbol or Jesus fish, typically used to proclaim an affiliation or affinity for Christianity, is frequently a subject of satire; especially when adorning the bumpers or trunks of American automobiles. ... Clarus the Dogcow The Dogcow is a bitmapped image first introduced by Apple Inc. ... Binomial name Orcinus orca Linnaeus, 1758 Orca range (in blue) The Orca or Killer Whale (Orcinus orca) is the largest species of the oceanic dolphin family (Delphinidae). ...

Releases

This is a table of Darwin releases with their dates of release and their corresponding Mac OS X releases.[2] Note that the corresponding Mac OS X release may have been released on a different date; refer to the OS X pages for those dates. Mac OS X (official IPA pronunciation: ) is a line of proprietary, graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc. ...

Notice that the version number jumps from Darwin 1.4 to 5. The two versioning systems have different stories. Initially, Apple established the 1.x designation, in order for Darwin version numbers to correspond to the Mac OS X Server 1.x version numbers. However, the Mac OS Server 1.x saw limited use and that versioning practice was discontinued even before Mac OS X was widely introduced. The Darwin 5.x designations, on the other hand, continue the NEXTSTEP versioning (which left off at NEXTSTEP 3.3, followed by OPENSTEP (which later became Darwin), at 4.2). Since the prepackaged "Darwin 1.x" distribution was actually created based on the Darwin 4 code underlying the Mac OS X, Apple decided to ease confusion and to continue with the version numbers it inherited when it bought NEXTSTEP. The command uname -r in Terminal will show the Darwin version number, and the command uname -v will show the XNU build version string, which includes the Darwin version number. March 16 is the 75th day of the year (76th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar). ... Mac OS X Server 1. ... April 5 is the 95th day of the year (96th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... April 13 is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... April 13 is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... Mac OS X version 10. ... October 2 is the 275th day of the year (276th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... Mac OS X version 10. ... September 23 is the 266th day of the year (267th in leap years). ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Mac OS X version 10. ... October 28 is the 301st day of the year (302nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 64 days remaining. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... October 24 is the 297th day of the year (298th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... is the 105th day of the year (106th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 119th day of the year (120th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Mac OS X version 10. ... May 16 is the 136th day of the year (137th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 193rd day of the year (194th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 304th day of the year (305th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... January 10 is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... August 7 is the 219th day of the year (220th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... Apple TV (styled tv) is a digital media receiver manufactured, marketed and sold by Apple. ... is the 108th day of the year (109th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 171st day of the year (172nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... NEXTSTEP is the original object-oriented, multitasking operating system that NeXT Computer, Inc. ... The OPENSTEP desktop. ... In computer software, uname is a program in Unix operating systems that prints the name, version and other details about the running operating system. ... Terminal is an application included with Apples Mac OS X operating system. ... XNU is the name of the kernel that Apple acquired and developed for use in the Mac OS X operating system and released as open source as part of the Darwin operating system. ...

Apple releases a Darwin installer ISO image after each major Mac OS X release. Minor updates are released as packages that must be installed separately. This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Darwin projects

Due to the free software nature of Darwin, there are many projects that aim to modify or enhance the operating system:

Hexley, the mascot of OpenDarwin OpenDarwin is a freely available, multi-platform BSD / Mach 3. ... Internet Software Consortium (ISC) was an organization that was founded by Rick Adams and Paul Vixie with funding from UUNET to develop and support a number of reference implementations of Internet software. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... MacPorts, formerly called DarwinPorts,[1] is an open source project to simplify installation of other open source software on the Mac OS X and Darwin operating systems. ... In computing, the Fink project is an effort to port Unix programs to Mac OS X. Fink uses dpkg and APT (Debians package management system), as well as its own frontend program, fink (which is implemented as a set of Perl modules). ... A package management system is a collection of tools to automate the process of installing, upgrading, configuring, and removing software packages from a computer. ... Hexley and GNU are GNU-Darwin mascots GNU-Darwin is a project to package applications for the Mac OS X and Darwin operating systems. ... L4 is, collectively, a family of related computer programs. ... In computer software, an application binary interface (ABI) describes the low-level interface between an application program and the operating system, between an application and its libraries, or between component parts of the application. ... Infineon Technologies AG (NYSE: IFX) was founded in April 1999 when the semiconductor operations of parent company, Siemens AG, were spun off to form a separate legal entity. ... Realtek Semiconductor Corp. ... The ext2 or second extended file system is a file system for the Linux kernel. ... The ext3 or third extended filesystem is a journalled file system that is commonly used by the Linux operating system. ... Microsoft Windows is the name of several families of proprietary software operating systems by Microsoft. ... Darwine is a port of the WINE libraries to Darwin and Mac OS X. The intention is to make it possible to compile Win32 source code to Mach-O/PowerPC binaries. ... Wine is a project which aims to allow a PC with an x86 architecture processor running a Unix-like operating system and the X Window System to execute programs that were originally written for Microsoft Windows. ... FreeBSD is a Unix-like free operating system descended from AT&T UNIX via the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) branch through the 386BSD and 4. ... RPM Package Manager (originally Red Hat Package Manager, abbreviated RPM) is a package management system. ... pkgsrc (package source) is a package management system for Unix-like operating systems. ... NetBSD is a freely redistributable, open source version of the Unix-like BSD computer operating system. ... The Gentoo Linux operating system (pronounced ) is a Linux distribution named after the Gentoo penguin. ... Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) is a version of the Linux kernel and utilities, which contains support for mandatory access controls based on the principle of least privilege. ...

See also

A/UX (from Apple Unix) is Apple Computers implementation of the Unix operating system for some of their Macintosh computers. ... MkLinux is an Open Source Software project, initiated by OSF Research Institute and Apple Computer, in order to port Linux to the PowerPC platform. ...

External links

General information

Documentation

v • d • e

Mac OS X

Applications
Address Book • Automator • Calculator • Chess • Dashboard • Dictionary • DVD Player • Finder • Front Row • Grapher • iCal • iChat • iSync • iTunes • Mail • Photo Booth • Preview • QuickTime Player • Safari • Sherlock • Stickies • TextEdit The Macintosh 128K, the first Macintosh computer The iMac, a current Mac computer Mac (formerly Macintosh) is a brand name which covers several lines of personal computers designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Logo: Mac OS System 7, 8 and 9 On January 24th, 1984 Apple Computer introduced the Apple Macintosh personal computer, with the Macintosh 128K model, which came bundled with the Mac OS operating system. ... This article is about the Macintosh operating system version. ... System 7 (codenamed Big Bang) was a version of Mac OS, the operating system of the Apple Macintosh computer. ... Mac OS 8 is a series of versions of the Mac OS that supported a transition through major changes in the Macintosh hardware platform. ... Sherlock 2 for Mac OS 9 with the new metallic appearance Mac OS 9, introduced by Apple Computer on 1999-10-23, is the last version of the Classic Macintosh Operating System (Mac OS) released before being succeeded by Mac OS X. Upon introduction, Mac OS 9 was advertised as... Mac OS X (official IPA pronunciation: ) is a line of proprietary, graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc. ... Mac OS X is the newest of Apple Computers Mac OS line of operating systems. ... Mac OS X Public Beta cover The Mac OS X Public Beta was an early, beta version of Apple Computers Mac OS X operating system released to the public on September 13, 2000 for the price of $29. ... Mac OS X version 10. ... Mac OS X version 10. ... Mac OS X version 10. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Mac OS X version 10. ... Mac OS X version 10. ... Mac OS X Server is the server-oriented version of Apples desktop operating system, Mac OS X. Mac OS X, in both desktop and server versions, is a Unix-like operating system based on technology that Apple acquired from NeXT Computer. ... Rhapsody was the code name given to Apple Computers next-generation operating system during the period of its development between Apples purchase of NeXT in late 1996 and the announcement of Mac OS X in 1998. ... Mac OS X Server 1. ... Mac OS X Server is the server-oriented version of Apples desktop operating system, Mac OS X. Mac OS X, in both desktop and server versions, is a Unix-like operating system based on technology that Apple acquired from NeXT Computer. ... A/UX (from Apple Unix) is Apple Computers implementation of the Unix operating system for some of their Macintosh computers. ... Taligent was the name of an object-oriented operating system and the company dedicated to producing it. ... Copland was a project at Apple Computer to create an updated version of the Macintosh operating system. ... MkLinux is an Open Source Software project, initiated by OSF Research Institute and Apple Computer, in order to port Linux to the PowerPC platform. ... Mac OS X (official IPA pronunciation: ) is a line of proprietary, graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc. ... An address book or a name and address book (NAB) is a book or a collection of data storing contact details (for example: address, telephone number, e-mail address, fax number, mobile phone number). ... Automator is an application developed by Apple for Mac OS X that implements point-and-click (or drag-and-drop) creation of workflows for automating repetitive tasks. ... Calculator is a basic calculator application made by Apple Computer and bundled with Mac OS X. It has three modes: basic, scientific, and programmer. ... Chess is a chess game for Mac OS X, featuring a high quality graphical display and support for chess variants such as crazyhouse and suicide chess. ... Dashboard is an application for Apples Mac OS X v10. ... Dictionary is an application introduced with Mac OS X v10. ... This page relates to Apple software. ... The Finder is the default application program used on the Mac OS and Mac OS X operating systems that is responsible for the overall user-management of files, disks, network volumes and the launching of other applications. ... Front Row Music menu screenshot Front Row is a software application for Apples Macintosh computers that acts as a front-end for QuickTime, DVD Player and the iTunes and iPhoto libraries and allows for users to browse media on their computers using the Apple Remote. ... Grapher is a software program bundled with Mac OS X v10. ... For the Tcl calendar package, see Ical (Unix). ... iChat is an AOL Instant Messenger (AIM), ICQ and Jabber client for Mac OS X. Using a Jabber-like protocol and Bonjour for user discovery, it also allows for LAN communication. ... iSync 1. ... This article is about the iTunes application. ... Mail (aka Mail. ... Photo Booth is a small software application for taking photos with an iSight camera by Apple Computer for Mac OS X. It features 16 built-in effects that can be applied to photos. ... Preview is Mac OS Xs application for displaying images and Portable Document Format (PDF) documents. ... QuickTime Player is the default media player for QuickTime movies and is shipped with the standard QuickTime installation for both Mac OS and Windows. ... Safari is a web browser developed by Apple Inc. ... Sherlock 2 for Mac OS 9 showing the Files channel Sherlock, named after Sherlock Holmes, is the file and web searching tool made by Apple Inc. ... Stickies is a Macintosh application for putting Post-it note-like windows on the screen, with short reminders, notes and other clippings. ... A screenshot of Apples TextEdit. ...

Utilities
Activity Monitor • AirPort Admin Utility • Audio MIDI Setup • Bluetooth File Exchange • BOMArchiveHelper • Classic • ColorSync Utility • Console • Crash Reporter • DigitalColor Meter • Directory Access • DiskImageMounter • Disk Utility • Font Book • Grab • Help Viewer • Image Capture • Installer • Internet Connect • Keychain Access • Migration Assistant • NetInfo Manager • Network Utility • ODBC Administrator • Printer Setup Utility • Software Update • System Preferences • System Profiler • Terminal • Universal Access • VoiceOver • X11 Activity Monitor is the name of a utility for performing different tasks to a computer process in the Mac OS X operating system. ... The AirPort Admin Utility in Mac OS X serves to allow the user to configure AirPort Wifi Base Stations to create a wireless network. ... The Audio MIDI Setup utility is a program that comes with the Mac OS X operating system for adjusting the computers audio input and output configuration settings and managing MIDI devices. ... Bluetooth File Exchange is an aptly-named utility that comes with the Mac OS X operating system, used to exchange files to or from a Bluetooth-enabled device. ... BOMArchiveHelper is the default archive file handler in Mac OS X. It is a service application that has no GUI when double-clicked, rather it is invoked by opening its associated files or by choosing Create archive of file in the Finders contextual menu. ... Classic, or Classic Environment, is a hardware and software abstraction layer in Mac OS X that allows applications compatible with Mac OS 9 to run on the OS X operating system. ... ColorSync Utility is an interface for Apples ColorSync specification on the Mac OS X operating system. ... Console is the default log viewer in Mac OS X. Categories: | ... A crash reporter is an application whose function is to report crash data to a third party, usually to the party responsible for the crashed program. ... DigitalColor Meter is a utility for measuring and displaying the colour values of pixels displayed on the screen of a Macintosh computer. ... Directory Access is a Mac OS X utility for connecting to network services. ... DiskImageMounter is the utility that handles mounting disk images in Mac OS X. Like BOMArchiveHelper it has no GUI when double-clicked, in fact doing so does nothing. ... Disk Utility is the name of a utility created by Apple for performing disk-related tasks in Mac OS X. These tasks include: the creation of disk images; mounting, unmounting, and ejecting disks (including both hard disks, removable media and disk images); enabling or disabling journaling; verifying a disks... Apples Font Book includes fonts, and dividing them into groups. ... Grab is an application by Apple Computer used to make screenshots of the users computer. ... Help Viewer is a WebCore based HTML viewer aimed at displaying help files and other documentation. ... Image Capture, first introduced in Mac OS X version 10. ... Installer is an application included in Mac OS X which extracts and installs files out of . ... The Internet Connect in Mac OS X serves to allow the user to activate connections to the internet via an ISP or VPN. It also provides a simple way to connect to an AirPort Network. ... Keychain Access in Mac OS X serves to allow the user to configure keychain passwords - unlocking, locking and displaying passwords saved by the system which are dynamically linked to ones login password. ... Migration Assistant is a/an utility by Apple Computer that imports users, applications, settings, various files and volumes to a new Macintosh computer from a (presumably) older one. ... NetInfo Manager is a utility that comes with Mac OS X. It is found in /Applications/Utilities/NetInfo Manager. ... Network Utility is a an application included with Mac OS X that provides a variety of computer network information. ... ODBC Administrator is a utility in the Mac OS X operating system for administering ODBC. Category: ... The Printer Setup Utility in Mac OS X serves to allow the user to configure printers physically connected to the computer, or connected via a network. ... Software Update is a software tool by Apple Computer that install the latest version of Apple software on computers running Mac OS X (there was also a Software update tool for classic Mac OS). ... System Preferences is the application used by Mac OS X to set user preferences. ... System Profiler is a software utility that has been bundled with Mac OS since Mac OS 7. ... Terminal is an application included with Apples Mac OS X operating system. ... Universal access to education is the ability of all people to have equal opportunity in education, regardless of their background or physical disabilities. ... VoiceOver is a feature built into Apple Computers Mac OS X v10. ... X11. ...

Technology & User interface (future features italicized)
⌘ • ⌥ • Apple menu • Apple Advanced Typography • AppleScript • Aqua • ATSUI • Audio Units • Brushed metal • Bonjour • Boot Camp • Carbon • Cocoa • ColorSync • Core Animation • Core Audio • Core Data • Core Foundation • Core Image • Core OpenGL • Core Video • CUPS • Darwin • Dock • Exposé • FileVault • icns • Inkwell • I/O Kit • Keychain • Mach-O • Menu extra • Preference Pane • plist • Quartz • QuickTime • Quick Look • Rosetta • Smart Folders • Spaces • Speakable items • Spotlight • Time Machine • Uniform Type Identifier • Universal binary • WebKit • Xgrid • XNU The Command key The Command key, known as the open-Apple key in documentation previous to the Apple Macintosh family of computers, is a modifier key present on Apple keyboards. ... The Option key The Option key, known to latent PC users as Alt key, is a modifier key present on Apple keyboards. ... The Apple menu in Mac OS X Tiger. ... Apple Computer has been attentive to the typefaces used in its marketing, operating systems and industrial design. ... AppleScript is a scripting language devised by Apple, Inc. ... Mac OS X 10. ... The Apple Type Services for Unicode Imaging (ATSUI) is the Mac OS set of services for rendering Unicode-encoded text. ... Audio Units is a plug-in API developed by Apple Computer to add functionality to audio creation and recording software. ... Mac OS X v10. ... Bonjour, formerly CrapTopia, is Apple Inc. ... Boot Camp is a software assistant made available by Apple Inc. ... Carbon is the codename of Apple Computers API for the Macintosh operating system, which permits a good degree of forward and backward compatibility between source code written to run on the classic Mac OS, and the newer Mac OS X. The APIs are published and accessed in the form... A Cocoa application being developed using Xcode. ... ColorSync is Apples color management API for the Mac OS and Mac OS X. // Apple developed the original 1. ... Core Animation is a data visualization API used by Mac OS X 10. ... Apples Core Audio interfaces Core Audio is a fairly low-level API for dealing with sound in Apples Mac OS X operating system. ... Core Data is part of the Cocoa API in Mac OS X, first introduced in Mac OS X 10. ... Core Foundation (also called CF) is a Mac OS X framework and API. CF provides: Primitive types for data (raw bytes, Unicode strings, numbers, calendar dates, UUIDs) and collections (arrays, sets, dictionaries) Application preferences management (CFPropertyList, Preferences Utilities) XML parsing Bundle handling File system I/O (CFReadStream, CFWriteStream, CFURL) Network... Core Image is a technology in Mac OS X that heavily leverages the machines GPU for image related effects. ... Core OpenGL, or CGL, is Apple Computers Macintosh Quartz windowing system interface to the Mac OS X implementation of the OpenGL specification. ... Core Video is a new pipeline model for digital video in Mac OS X. Partitioning the processing into discrete steps makes it simpler for developers to access and manipulate individual frames without having to worry about translating between data types (QuickTime, OpenGL, and so on) or display synchronization issues. ... The Common Unix Printing System (CUPS) is a modular computer printing system for Unix-like operating systems that allows a computer to act as a powerful print server. ... The Dock in Mac OS X v10. ... Mac OS X 10. ... FileVault is a system that protects files on a computer. ... The Apple Icon Image format is the icon format used in Apple Computers Mac OS X. It supports icons of 16Ã—16, 32Ã—32, 48Ã—48 and 128Ã—128 pixel icons, with both 1- and 8-bit alpha channels and multiple image states (example: open and closed folders). ... Inkwell, later renamed Ink, but still mostly referred to as Inkwell by Apple is the name of the handwriting recognition technology built into Apple Computers Mac OS X. It was introduced in version 10. ... The I/O Kit is an open-source framework in the XNU kernel that helps developers code device drivers for Darwin-enabled operating systems (one popularly known as Apples Mac OS X.) The I/O Kit framework was originally introduced at the release of Mac OS X along with... Keychain is Apple Computers password management system in Mac OS X and Mac OS 9. ... Mach-O, short for Mach object file format, is a file format for executables and object code. ... A Menu extra in Mac OS X is a small icon or sometimes a word that appears at the right of the menu bar. ... Preference Pane icon A Preference Pane (often abbreviated as prefpane) is a special dynamically loaded plugin in Mac OS X. Introduced in Mac OS 10. ... In the Mac OS X Cocoa, NeXTSTEP, and GNUstep programming frameworks, property list files are files that store serialized objects. ... Quartz is the marketing name of the proprietary graphics layer that sits on top of the open source Darwin core of Mac OS X. Quartz is part of the Core Graphics framework. ... QuickTime is a multimedia framework developed by Apple Inc. ... Quick Look is a new preview feature in Mac OS X v10. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Virtual Folders are a feature of Microsofts upcoming operating system Windows Vista. ... Spaces is a virtual desktop feature developed by Apple to be included in Mac OS X v10. ... The Speakable Items window, executing the Tell Me a Joke command. ... Spotlight is an as-you-type, system-wide desktop search feature found in Mac OS X v10. ... Time Machine is a backup utility announced and first demonstrated on August 7, 2006 at Apples Worldwide Developers Conference, and is scheduled to be included with the Mac OS X v10. ... A Uniform Type Identifier (UTI) is a string that uniquely identifies the type of a class of items. ... Universal Binary Logo A Universal binary is â€” in Apple Computers parlance â€” an application bundle that runs natively on both PowerPC- and x86 (Intel)-based Macintosh computers. ... WebKit is an application framework included with Mac OS X v10. ... In computers, Xgrid is software (Apple Computer, Inc. ... XNU is the name of the kernel that Apple acquired and developed for use in the Mac OS X operating system and released as open source as part of the Darwin operating system. ...

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