NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Dashiell Hammett

Samuel Dashiell Hammett (May 27, 1894 – January 10, 1961) was an American author of hardboiled detective novels and short stories. Among the enduring characters he created are Sam Spade (The Maltese Falcon), Nick and Nora Charles (The Thin Man), and the Continental Op (Red Harvest, The Dain Curse). In addition to the significant influence his novels had on film, Hammett has been credited with the invention of modern American hardboiled detective novel.^[1] Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... For the album by the Kaiser Chiefs see Employment (album) Employment is a contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. ... A novel (from French nouvelle Italian novella, new) is an extended, generally fictional narrative, typically in prose. ... In English usage, nationality is the legal relationship between a person and a country. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... A literary genre is one of the divisions of literature into genres according to particular criteria such as literary technique, tone, or content. ... Hardboiled crime fiction is a uniquely American style pioneered by Dashiell Hammett, refined by Raymond Chandler, and endlessly imitated since by writers such as Mickey Spillane. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with mystery_fiction. ... Basil Rathbone as Sherlock Holmes Detective fiction is a branch of crime fiction that centers upon the investigation of a crime, usually murder, by a detective, either professional or amateur. ... See also: 1921 in literature, other events of 1922, 1923 in literature, list of years in literature. ... Red Harvest (1929) is a novel by Dashiell Hammett. ... See also: 1928 in literature, other events of 1929, 1930 in literature, list of years in literature. ... Raymond Chandler Raymond Thornton Chandler (July 23, 1888 â€“ March 26, 1959) was an author of crime stories and novels. ... Chester Bomar Himes (July 29, 1909 â€“ November 12, 1984) was a famous African American writer. ... Frank Morrison Spillane (March 9, 1918 â€“ July 17, 2006), better known as Mickey Spillane, was an American author of crime novels. ... Ross MacDonald (born January 24, 1965 in Vancouver, British Columbia) is a Canadian sailor. ... John Dann MacDonald (July 24, 1916 â€“ December 28, 1986), writing as John D. MacDonald, was an American writer best known for his series of detective novels featuring protagonist Travis McGee. ... Robert B. Parkers novel Cold Service Robert B. Parker (born September 17, 1932) is an acclaimed American writer of detective fiction. ... Sara Paretsky (b. ... Sue Taylor Grafton (born April 24, 1940 in Louisville, Kentucky, USA) is a contemporary American author of detective novels. ... Walter Mosley Walter Mosley (born January 12, 1952) is a prominent American novelist, most widely recognized for his crime fiction. ... There are a number of people who have been (or are) named William Gibson. ... Rian Johnson at Austin Film Festival 2005 Rian Craig Johnson (born 1973 in Maryland) is an American writer and director, who won the Special Jury Prize for Originality of Vision at the 2005 Sundance Film Festival with his debut feature, Brick. ... Richard Morgan (b. ... is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Hardboiled crime fiction is a uniquely American style pioneered by Dashiell Hammett, refined by Raymond Chandler, and endlessly imitated since by writers such as Mickey Spillane. ... Basil Rathbone as Sherlock Holmes Detective fiction is a branch of crime fiction that centers upon the investigation of a crime, usually murder, by a detective, either professional or amateur. ... Poster of the 1941 Warner Brothers film version of The Maltese Falcon, directed by John Huston Sam Spade was the leading character in the novel and movie The Maltese Falcon (1931). ... Actors Bogart, Lorre, Astor and Greenstreet in The Maltese Falcon (1941) The Maltese Falcon (1930) is a detective novel by Dashiell Hammett that has been adapted several times for the cinema. ... Nick and Nora Charles (William Powell and Myrna Loy in the 1939 film Another Thin Man) Nick and Nora Charles, or Mr. ... The Thin Man (1934) is a hardboiled detective novel by Dashiell Hammett. ... The Continental Op is a fictional character created by Dashiell Hammett. ... Red Harvest (1929) is a novel by Dashiell Hammett. ... The Dain Curse is a novel written by Dashiell Hammett and published in 1929. ... Hardboiled crime fiction is a uniquely American style pioneered by Dashiell Hammett, refined by Raymond Chandler, and endlessly imitated since by writers such as Mickey Spillane. ... Basil Rathbone as Sherlock Holmes Detective fiction is a branch of crime fiction that centers upon the investigation of a crime, usually murder, by a detective, either professional or amateur. ...

Early life

Hammett was born in a house off Great Mills Road St. Mary's County in southern Maryland. His parents were Richard Thomas Hammett and Annie Bond Dashiell. (The Dashiells are an old Maryland family, the name being an Americanization of the French De Chiel; it is pronounced "daSHEEL", not "dash'l".) He grew up in Philadelphia and Baltimore. "Sam," as he was known before he began writing, left school when he was 13 years old and held several jobs before working for the Pinkerton National Detective Agency. He served as an operative for the Pinkerton Agency from 1915 to 1921, with time off to serve in World War I. However, the agency's role in union strike-breaking eventually disillusioned him. In Butte, Montana, Hammett was offered $5,000 to murder Frank Little, a leading organizer for the radical Industrial Workers of the World union. He refused, but Little was subsequently lynched by masked vigilantes, widely thought to be Pinkerton agents.^[2] This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Southern Maryland counties. ... Pinkerton guards escort strikebreakers in Buchtel, Ohio, 1884 The Pinkerton National Detective Agency was a private U.S. security guard and detective agency established by Allan Pinkerton in 1850. ... Strike breaking is the practice of using intimidation, coercion and even murder to break the support for a union strike. ... Uptown Butte 1942 view of the city Butte is a city in Silver Bow County, Montana and is the county seat. ... Frank Little (1879-1917) joined the radical union the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) in 1906. ... The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or the Wobblies) is an international union currently headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. At its peak in 1923 the organization claimed some 100,000 members in good standing, and could marshal the support of perhaps 300,000 workers. ... This article or section contains too many quotations for an encyclopedic entry. ...

During World War I, Hammett enlisted in the U.S. Army and served in the Motor Ambulance Corps. However he became ill with the Spanish flu and later contracted tuberculosis. He spent the war as a patient in a hospital in America. He married a nurse, Josephine Dolan, in 1921 and had two daughters with her: Mary Jane, born in 1921 and Josephine, born in 1926. The couple began living apart shortly after the birth of Josephine. Hammett supported his wife and daughters financially with the income he made from his writing. â€œThe Great War â€ redirects here. ... The Army is the branch of the United States armed forces which has primary responsibility for land-based military operations. ... The 1918 flu pandemic, commonly referred to as the Spanish flu, was a category 5 influenza pandemic caused by an unusually severe and deadly Influenza A virus strain of subtype H1N1. ... Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus) is a common and deadly infectious disease caused by mycobacteria, mainly Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ...

Hammett turned to drinking, advertising, and eventually, writing. His work at the detective agency provided him the inspiration for his writings.

Early work

Hammett's short story output, as opposed to his later novels, is very uneven. In his short stories he dwells heavily on the cliches of 1920s pulp fiction, especially on the theme of the Super-Crook or Master Criminal. (See Archvillain.) Flynns Detective Fiction from 1941. ... Snidely Whiplash, a stereotypical villain. ...

Hammett has super-criminals both male ("$106,000 Blood Money", "The Big Knockover") and female ("The Girl with the Silver Eyes", "The House on Turk Street"). He amusingly depicts the Fu Manchu – like crime boss of Chinatown in "Dead Yellow Women". In "Nightmare Town" he has a criminal gang which plots to burn down an entire city for insurance reasons. In "The Gutting of Coufignal" he has a White Russian general who leads a military-style operation to rob the cream of California society, gathered together on an isolated island for a wedding. In "$106,000 Blood Money", he has a super-crook who attacks not just a single bank but the entire financial district of San Francisco, with the help of hundreds of other criminals gathered together from all over the U.S. Then the super-crook turns around and wipes out most of his helpers in order to keep the loot for himself. In The Dain Curse, a madman's quest for revenge on a woman who has scorned him leads directly or indirectly to the deaths or maimings of more than a dozen people. Another character in The Dain Curse, a cult leader, has convinced himself that he is the Lord Jehovah incarnate, and when the Op barely manages to kill him after shooting him seven times and stabbing him in the throat, he thinks to himself "Thank God he wasn't really God". This article is about the fictional literature character. ... White Army redirects here. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ...

Later novels

As Hammett's literary style matured, he relied less and less on the super-criminal and turned more to the kind of realistic, hardboiled fiction seen in The Maltese Falcon or The Thin Man. In The Simple Art of Murder, Hammett's successor in the field, Raymond Chandler, summarized Hammett's accomplishments as follows: Hardboiled crime fiction is a uniquely American style pioneered by Dashiell Hammett, refined by Raymond Chandler, and endlessly imitated since by writers such as Mickey Spillane. ... Actors Bogart, Lorre, Astor and Greenstreet in The Maltese Falcon (1941) The Maltese Falcon (1930) is a detective novel by Dashiell Hammett that has been adapted several times for the cinema. ... The Thin Man (1934) is a hardboiled detective novel by Dashiell Hammett. ... Raymond Chandler The Simple Art of Murder refers to both a critical essay and a collection of short stories written by hard-boiled detective fiction author Raymond Chandler. ... Raymond Chandler Raymond Thornton Chandler (July 23, 1888 â€“ March 26, 1959) was an author of crime stories and novels. ...

The novel The Glass Key is a novel by Dashiell Hammett, said to be his favorite among his works. ...

Later years

From 1929 to 1930 Dashiell was romantically involved with Nell Martin, an author of short stories and several novels. He dedicated The Glass Key to her, and in turn, she dedicated her novel Lovers Should Marry to Hammett. Nell Martin (1890â€”1961) was an American author specializing in light-hearted mysteries and short stories. ... The novel The Glass Key is a novel by Dashiell Hammett, said to be his favorite among his works. ...

In 1931, Hammett embarked on a thirty-year affair with playwright Lillian Hellman. He wrote his final novel in 1934, and devoted much of the rest of his life to left-wing activism. He was a strong anti-fascist throughout the 1930s and in 1937 he joined the American Communist Party. ^[3] As a member of the League of American Writers, he served on its Keep America Out of War Committee in January 1940 during the period of the Hitler-Stalin pact.^[4] Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Lillian Florence Hellman (June 20, 1905 â€“ June 30, 1984) was a successful American playwright, linked throughout her life with many left-wing causes. ... Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... In politics, left-wing, political left, leftism, or simply the left, are terms which refer (with no particular precision) to the segment of the political spectrum typically associated with any of several strains of socialism, social democracy, or liberalism (especially in the American sense of the word), or with opposition... Activism, in a general sense, can be described as intentional action to bring about social or political change. ... Members of the Dutch Eindhoven Resistance with troops of the US 101st Airborne in Eindhoven in September 1944. ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA) is one of several Marxist-Leninist groups in the United States. ... The League of American Writers was an organization of American writers with ties to the Communist Party USA. It was formed in April 1935 during the First Americans Writers Congress (April 26-27, 1935). ... Molotov (left), Ribbentrop (in black) and Stalin The Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, also known as the Hitler-Stalin pact or Nazi-Soviet pact, was a non-aggression treaty between Germany and Russia, or more precisely between the Soviet Union and the Third Reich. ...

In 1942, after Pearl Harbor, Hammett enlisted in the United States Army. Though he was a disabled veteran of WWI, and a victim of tuberculosis, he pulled strings in order to be admitted to the service. He spent most of WWII as an Army sergeant in the Aleutian Islands, where he edited an Army newspaper. He came out of the war suffering from emphysema. Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the actual attack. ... The United States Army is the largest and oldest branch of the armed forces of the United States. ... For other uses, see Sergeant (disambiguation). ... Aleutians seen from space The Aleutian Islands (possibly from Chukchi aliat, island) are a chain of more than 300 small volcanic islands forming an island arc in the Northern Pacific Ocean, occupying an area of 6,821 sq mi (17,666 kmÂ²) and extending about 1,200 mi (1,900...

After World War II, Hammett joined the New York Civil Rights Congress, a leftist organization that was considered by some to be a Communist front. ^{[citation needed]} When four people who were related to the organization were arrested for being suspected Communists, Hammett raised money for their bail bond. When the accused fled, he was subpoenaed about their whereabouts, and when in 1951 he refused to provide that information, he was imprisoned for five months for contempt of court.[1] This article is about communism as a form of society, as an ideology advocating that form of society, and as a popular movement. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Contempt of court is a court ruling which, in the context of a court trial or hearing, deems an individual as holding contempt for the court, its process, and its invested powers. ...

During the 1950s he was investigated by Congress (see McCarthyism). Although he testified to his own activities, he refused to cooperate with the committee, and was blacklisted. Congress in Joint Session. ... A 1947 comic book published by the Catechetical Guild Educational Society warning of the dangers of a Communist takeover. ... Protestors opposing the jailing of the Hollywood Ten in 1950 (from the 1987 documentary Legacy of the Hollywood Blacklist). ...

Hammett died in New York City's Lenox Hill Hospital, of lung cancer, diagnosed just two months before his death. As a veteran of two World Wars, he was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... Lenox Hill Hospital, on Manhattans Upper East Side, is a 652-bed, fully accredited, acute care hospital and a major teaching affiliate of NYU Medical Center. ... Lung cancer is the malignant transformation and expansion of lung tissue, and is the most lethal of all cancers worldwide, responsible for 1. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

Works

Red Harvest (1929) is a novel by Dashiell Hammett. ... is the 32nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Dain Curse is a novel written by Dashiell Hammett and published in 1929. ... is the 200th day of the year (201st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Actors Bogart, Lorre, Astor and Greenstreet in The Maltese Falcon (1941) The Maltese Falcon (1930) is a detective novel by Dashiell Hammett that has been adapted several times for the cinema. ... is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The novel The Glass Key is a novel by Dashiell Hammett, said to be his favorite among his works. ... is the 114th day of the year (115th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Thin Man (1934) is a hardboiled detective novel by Dashiell Hammett. ... January 8 is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Continental Op is a fictional character created by Dashiell Hammett. ... Frederic Dannay (left), with James Yaffe (1943) Ellery Queen is both a fictional character and a pseudonym used by two American cousins from Brooklyn, New York: Daniel (David) Nathan, alias Frederic Dannay (October 20, 1905â€“September 3, 1982) and Manford (Emanuel) Lepofsky, alias Manfred Bennington Lee (January 11, 1905â€“April... Dell Publishing was an American publisher of books, magazines, and comic books. ... Dell Mapback #173, 1947 Crime map from Dell 173 Mapback is a term used by paperback collectors to refer to the earliest paperback books published by Dell Books, beginning in 1943. ... Frederic Dannay (left), with James Yaffe (1943) Ellery Queen is both a fictional character and a pseudonym used by two American cousins from Brooklyn, New York: Daniel (David) Nathan, alias Frederic Dannay (October 20, 1905â€“September 3, 1982) and Manford (Emanuel) Lepofsky, alias Manfred Bennington Lee (January 11, 1905â€“April... Dell Publishing was an American publisher of books, magazines, and comic books. ... Dell Mapback #173, 1947 Crime map from Dell 173 Mapback is a term used by paperback collectors to refer to the earliest paperback books published by Dell Books, beginning in 1943. ... Frederic Dannay (left), with James Yaffe (1943) Ellery Queen is both a fictional character and a pseudonym used by two American cousins from Brooklyn, New York: Daniel (David) Nathan, alias Frederic Dannay (October 20, 1905â€“September 3, 1982) and Manford (Emanuel) Lepofsky, alias Manfred Bennington Lee (January 11, 1905â€“April... Dell Publishing was an American publisher of books, magazines, and comic books. ... Dell Mapback #173, 1947 Crime map from Dell 173 Mapback is a term used by paperback collectors to refer to the earliest paperback books published by Dell Books, beginning in 1943. ... Dell Publishing was an American publisher of books, magazines, and comic books. ... Dell Mapback #173, 1947 Crime map from Dell 173 Mapback is a term used by paperback collectors to refer to the earliest paperback books published by Dell Books, beginning in 1943. ... Frederic Dannay (left), with James Yaffe (1943) Ellery Queen is both a fictional character and a pseudonym used by two American cousins from Brooklyn, New York: Daniel (David) Nathan, alias Frederic Dannay (October 20, 1905â€“September 3, 1982) and Manford (Emanuel) Lepofsky, alias Manfred Bennington Lee (January 11, 1905â€“April... Dell Publishing was an American publisher of books, magazines, and comic books. ... Dell Mapback #173, 1947 Crime map from Dell 173 Mapback is a term used by paperback collectors to refer to the earliest paperback books published by Dell Books, beginning in 1943. ... Frederic Dannay (left), with James Yaffe (1943) Ellery Queen is both a fictional character and a pseudonym used by two American cousins from Brooklyn, New York: Daniel (David) Nathan, alias Frederic Dannay (October 20, 1905â€“September 3, 1982) and Manford (Emanuel) Lepofsky, alias Manfred Bennington Lee (January 11, 1905â€“April... Dell Publishing was an American publisher of books, magazines, and comic books. ... Dell Mapback #173, 1947 Crime map from Dell 173 Mapback is a term used by paperback collectors to refer to the earliest paperback books published by Dell Books, beginning in 1943. ... Frederic Dannay (left), with James Yaffe (1943) Ellery Queen is both a fictional character and a pseudonym used by two American cousins from Brooklyn, New York: Daniel (David) Nathan, alias Frederic Dannay (October 20, 1905â€“September 3, 1982) and Manford (Emanuel) Lepofsky, alias Manfred Bennington Lee (January 11, 1905â€“April... Dell Publishing was an American publisher of books, magazines, and comic books. ... Dell Mapback #173, 1947 Crime map from Dell 173 Mapback is a term used by paperback collectors to refer to the earliest paperback books published by Dell Books, beginning in 1943. ... Frederic Dannay (left), with James Yaffe (1943) Ellery Queen is both a fictional character and a pseudonym used by two American cousins from Brooklyn, New York: Daniel (David) Nathan, alias Frederic Dannay (October 20, 1905â€“September 3, 1982) and Manford (Emanuel) Lepofsky, alias Manfred Bennington Lee (January 11, 1905â€“April... Dell Publishing was an American publisher of books, magazines, and comic books. ... Dell Mapback #173, 1947 Crime map from Dell 173 Mapback is a term used by paperback collectors to refer to the earliest paperback books published by Dell Books, beginning in 1943. ...

Published as

Volumes in the Library of America series The Library of America (LoA) is a nonprofit publisher of classic American literature. ... Volumes in the Library of America series The Library of America (LoA) is a nonprofit publisher of classic American literature. ...

Quotes

"[Hammett] took murder out of the Venetian vase and dropped it into the alley... [He] gave murder back to the kind of people who do it for a reason, not just to provide a corpse; and with means at hand, not with handwrought dueling pistols, curare, and tropical fish." Strychnos toxifera by Koehler 1887 This page is about the plant toxins. ...

"I have been asked many times over the years why he did not write another novel after The Thin Man. I do not know. I think, but I only think, I know a few of the reasons: he wanted to do [a] new kind of work; he was sick for many of those years and getting sicker. But he kept his work, and his plans for work, in angry privacy and even I would not have been answered if I had ever asked, and maybe because I never asked is why I was with him until the last day of his life." Raymond Chandler Raymond Thornton Chandler (July 23, 1888 â€“ March 26, 1959) was an author of crime stories and novels. ... Raymond Chandler The Simple Art of Murder refers to both a critical essay and a collection of short stories written by hard-boiled detective fiction author Raymond Chandler. ...

Lillian Florence Hellman (June 20, 1905 â€“ June 30, 1984) was a successful American playwright, linked throughout her life with many left-wing causes. ...

Pop culture references

In 1975, writer Joe Gores published Hammett, a novel in which a fictional version of the writer is sought out by an old Pinkerton associate to help him solve a case that drags him through the seamy underbelly of 1929 San Francisco. In 1982, a film version directed by Wim Wenders was released. For the chemistry relation, see Hammett equation. ... Ernst Wilhelm (Wim) Wenders (born August 14, 1945) is a German film director, photographer, and producer. ...

Jason Robards portrayed Hammett in the 1977 film Julia, based on the true story of Lillian Hellman. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Julia is a 1977 dramatic film based on playwright Lillian Hellmans novel Pentimento, which tells the story of her relationship with her lifelong friend Julia, who worked as an anti-fascist in the years prior to World War II. The movie was adapted by Alvin Sargent from the novel. ...

A fictionalized version of Hammett appears in "Locked Rooms" by Laurie R. King. The novel is about Sherlock Holmes and his wife, Mary Russell, who travel to San Francisco in 1924 to settle Russell's parent's estate. While there Holmes meets, and hires, Hammett to do some investigative work.

In the Coen brothers' avante-garde film The Big Lebowski, the main character, The Dude, drinks white russians, a reference to Hammett's short story "The Gutting of Coufignal," which features a White Russian general. The Coen brothers are big fans of detective fiction in general and Hammett in particular-- one of their films, Blood Simple, is named after dialogue uttered by the narrator in the novel Red Harvest: "This damned burg's getting me. If I don't get away soon I'll be going blood-simple like the natives."

References

The University Press of Colorado is a nonprofit publisher supported partly by Adams State College, Colorado State University, Fort Lewis College, Mesa State College, Metropolitan State College of Denver, the University of Colorado, the University of Northern Colorado, and Western State College of Colorado. ... Everett Franklin Bleiler (born 1920) is an editor and bibliographer of science fiction and Fantasy. ...

External links

Categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements since May 2007 | American communists | American crime fiction writers | American mystery writers | American novelists | Hollywood blacklist | United States Army soldiers | American military personnel of World War I | American military personnel of World War II | Copywriters | Maryland writers | Lung cancer deaths | Burials at Arlington National Cemetery | 1894 births | 1961 deaths | Pulp fiction writers | Private detectives and investigators A novel (from French nouvelle Italian novella, new) is an extended, generally fictional narrative, typically in prose. ... is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ...

Contents

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