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Date rape drug refers to any drug that can be used to assist in the commission of a sexual assault (date rape). These drugs commonly have sedative, hypnotic, dissociative, and/or amnesiac affects, and, when used to facilitate rape, are often added to a food or drink without the victim's knowledge. Most date rape drugs are illegal drugs. Image File history File links Broom_icon. ...
Sexual assault is any physical contact of a sexual nature without voluntary consent. ...
The title Date Rape is a very general term which has come to represent some very different situations. ...
A sedative is a substance that depresses the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in calmness, relaxation, reduction of anxiety, sleepiness, and slowed breathing, as well as slurred speech, staggering gait, poor judgment, and slow, uncertain reflexes. ...
Hypnotic drugs are a class of drugs that induce sleep, used in the treatment of severe insomnia. ...
Dissociative drugs are a class of psychedelic drugs characterized by intense feelings of depersonalization, derealization, and analgesia. ...
Anterograde amnesia is a form of amnesia, or memory loss, in which new events are not transferred from short-term memory to long-term memory. ...
Types of drugs
Some often-mentioned date rape drugs are GHB, ketamine, and benzodiazepines (such as flunitrazepam, also known as Rohypnol or "roofies"); however, alcohol remains the drug most frequently-implicated in substance-assisted sexual assault.[1] gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (4-hydroxybutanoic acid, C4H8O3), commonly abbreviated GHB, is a therapeutic drug which is illegal in multiple countries[1] and a naturally occurring substance found in the central nervous system, wine, beef, small citrus fruits and almost all other living creatures in small amounts. ...
Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic for use in human and veterinary medicine developed by Parke-Davis (1962). ...
Flunitrazepam (IPA: ; is marketed by Roche under the trade name Rohypnol. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines (including Flunitrazepam/Rohypnol) are sedatives/hypnotics that also cause amnesia to different extents. Rohypnol is of particular interest because it is soluble in ethanol, unlike other benzodiazepines. This makes it possible to slip it into someone's drink. Rohypnol is not approved for use in the United States and its importation is banned.[2] Alprazolam 2mg tablets The benzodiazepines (pronounced , or benzos for short) are a class of psychoactive drugs considered as minor tranquilizers with varying hypnotic, sedative, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant and amnesic properties, which are brought on by slowing down the central nervous system. ...
Flunitrazepam (IPA: ; is marketed by Roche under the trade name Rohypnol. ...
Rohypnol (the trade name of flunitrazepam) is a sedative that was made in the early 1970s by Roche and was used in hospitals only for deep sedation. ...
Rohypnol (the trade name of flunitrazepam) is a sedative that was made in the early 1970s by Roche and was used in hospitals only for deep sedation. ...
According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse: Cover of a NIDA educational booklet. ...
- "Rohypnol can incapacitate victims and prevent them from resisting sexual assault. It can produce "anterograde amnesia," which means that individuals may not remember events they experienced while under the effects of the drug."[3]
The sedative effects of Rohypnol begin to appear approximately 15–20 minutes after the drug is ingested. The effects typically last from four to six hours after administration of the drug, but some cases have been reported in which the effects were experienced 12 or more hours after administration. In recent news, it has been discovered that scientists can now detect flunitrazepam and related compounds in urine at least up to 5 days after administration of a single dose of Rohypnol and up to a month in hair.[4] Rohypnol (the trade name of flunitrazepam) is a sedative that was made in the early 1970s by Roche and was used in hospitals only for deep sedation. ...
Anterograde amnesia is a form of amnesia, or memory loss, in which new events are not transferred from short-term memory to long-term memory. ...
Sedation is a medical procedure involving administration of sedative drugs, generally to facilitate a medical procedure, such as endoscopy, vasectomy, or minor surgery with local anaesthesia. ...
An assortment of psychoactive drugs A psychoactive drug or psychotropic substance is a chemical substance that acts primarily upon the central nervous system where it alters brain function, resulting in temporary changes in perception, mood, consciousness and behavior. ...
GHB/GBL Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) has effects that are very similar to those of alcohol. According to the Drug Enforcement Administration: GHB redirects here. ...
The DEAs enforcement activities may take agents anywhere from distant countries to suburban U.S. homes. ...
- "Victims may not be aware that they ingested a drug at all. GHB and its analogues are invisible when dissolved in water, and are odorless. They are somewhat saltish in taste, but are indiscernible when dissolved in beverages such as soft drinks, liquor, or beer." This is also known as a famous club and party drug.[5]
Many recreational users of GHB would disagree with the above: An analog is in chemistry a chemical closely related to another usually sharing the same nucleus. ...
For other uses, see Salt (disambiguation). ...
The word drink is primarily a verb, meaning to ingest liquids. ...
A soft drink is a drink that contains no alcohol. ...
A distilled beverage is a consumable liquid containing ethyl alcohol (ethanol) purified by distillation from a fermented substance such as fruit, vegetables, or grain. ...
For other uses, see Beer (disambiguation). ...
GHB redirects here. ...
- "GHB is, in fact, quite salty. When mixed in a drink, it ruins the drink (like dumping bicarb into a drink)."[6]
Common recreational doses of GHB are in the range of 1.8 to 2.7 grams, a large amount compared with most other sedative drugs, which can be active in amounts measured in milligrams. This makes detection of a drink tainted with GHB more likely and makes use of GHB to spike drinks considerably more difficult, 3 grams of pure GHB powder will more than two-thirds fill a standard-size matchbox. Flash point Non-flammable. ...
Other drugs - Ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic [citation needed]
- Chloral hydrate, producing a sedative/hypnotic effect similar to that of benzodiazepines
Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic for use in human and veterinary medicine developed by Parke-Davis (1962). ...
Chloral hydrate, also known as trichloroacetaldehyde monohydrate, 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-ethanediol, and under the tradenames Aquachloral, Novo-Chlorhydrate, Somnos, Noctec, and Somnote, is a sedative and hypnotic drug as well as a chemical reagent and precursor. ...
Dangers These drugs can be extremely dangerous when administered to an individual not aware of the drugging, and it may kill or render the victim comatose, especially in large doses or in combination with other drugs or alcohol. Drug allergies and interactions are also a possibility. Drug effects can be amplified in a certain percentage of the population that lack enzymes normally found to break down the drugs. For other uses, see Coma (disambiguation). ...
Neuraminidase ribbon diagram An enzyme (in Greek en = in and zyme = blend) is a protein, or protein complex, that catalyzes a chemical reaction and also controls the 3D orientation of the catalyzed substrates. ...
It is imperative that any investigation into the suspected use of date rape drugs involve an immediate blood test, as waiting too long to test for the presence of drugs may cause false negatives, because these drugs are quickly metabolized and eliminated by the body. Trying to deduce from the symptoms whether or not date rape drugs have been used can cause false positives. In statistics, a false negative, also called a Type II error or miss, exists when a test incorrectly reports that a result was not detected, when it was really present. ...
Structure of the coenzyme adenosine triphosphate, a central intermediate in energy metabolism. ...
A false positive, also called false alarm, exists when a test reports, incorrectly, that it has found a signal where none exists in reality. ...
Testing kits that claim to detect GHB, ketamine, and benzodiazepines such as Rohypnol in seconds are commercially available under names such as The Drink Detective. Companies around the world are making or trying to make paper coasters or drink stirrers that change color when dabbed with a drink doctored with a date rape drug.[citation needed] Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic for use in human and veterinary medicine developed by Parke-Davis (1962). ...
Alprazolam 2mg tablets The benzodiazepines (pronounced , or benzos for short) are a class of psychoactive drugs considered as minor tranquilizers with varying hypnotic, sedative, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant and amnesic properties, which are brought on by slowing down the central nervous system. ...
In most countries, whether or not a drug was used is irrelevant to the issue of whether a particular incident is rape or not. The legal definition of rape in countries such as the United States also covers a lack of consent when the victim is unable to say "no" to intercourse, whether the effect is due to drugging or simply alcohol consumption.[7]
In 2003, when the media were reporting a drink-spiking epidemic in Perth, Western Australia, 44 women had their blood tested because they believed they had been the victims of drink-spiking. The West Australian Chemistry Centre tested the blood samples, and, in these 44 cases, the only substance found in the victims' system was excessive alcohol. Police said that the blood-alcohol level of most of the subjects was significantly higher than what the women had themselves expected. Alcohol has the same effects as other date rape drugs, and causes unconsciousness and memory loss. Mass hysteria, also called collective hysteria or collective obsessional behavior, is the sociopsychological phenomenon of the manifestation of the same or similar hysterical symptoms by more than one person. ...
Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
In epidemiology, an epidemic (from [[Latin language] epi- upon + demos people) is a disease that appears as new cases in a given human population, during a given period, at a rate that substantially exceeds what is expected, based on recent experience (the number of new cases in the population during...
Location of Perth within Australia This article is about the metropolitan area of Perth, Western Australia. ...
Slogan or Nickname: Wildflower State or the Golden State Other Australian states and territories Capital Perth Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Ken Michael Premier Alan Carpenter (ALP) Federal representation - House seats 15 - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2005-06) - Product ($m) $107,910 (4th) - Product per capita $53,134/person...
Memory loss can be caused by many things. ...
Sometimes victims end up drinking too much and insist that they were drugged, when, in fact, they overestimated their tolerance for alcohol. A study in the UK found that only 2 percent of a pool of 1,014 rape victims had their drinks spiked with sedatives.[8]
See also A Mickey Finn (or simply Mickey) is a slang term for a drink laced with a drug (especially chloral hydrate) given to someone without their knowledge in order to incapacitate them. ...
The title Date Rape is a very general term which has come to represent some very different situations. ...
References
External links - "Drug rape myth exposed as study reveals binge drinking is to blame", Daily Mail (UK) article on binge drinking and claims of "spiked" drinks
- A picture of a GBH (date rabe drug) User.
- The Roofie Foundation is Britain’s (and Europe’s) only agency dealing with the issues surrounding Drug Facilitated Sexual Abuse (DFSA) through drink spiking.
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