 Linguistic division in early twelfth century Scotland. Gaelic speaking Norse-Gaelic zone, characterized by the use of both languages English-speaking zone Cumbric may have survived in this zone; more realistically a mixture of Cumbric, Gaelic (west) and English (east) David I or Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim (Modern: Daibhidh I mac [Mhaoil] Chaluim;[1] b. 1083 x 1085, d. May 24, 1153) was a 12th century ruler who was in succession Prince of the Cumbrians (x 1113–1124) and King of the Scots (1124–1153). The youngest son of Máel Coluim mac Donnchada and Margaret, David spent most of his childhood in Scotland, but was exiled to England in 1093. At some point, perhaps after 1100, he became a hanger-on at the court of King Henry I and experienced long exposure to Norman and Anglo-French culture. Image File history File linksMetadata DavidIofScotland. ...
is the 144th day of the year (145th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Events January 6 - Henry of Anjou arrives in England. ...
For the foodstuff see Scone (bread). ...
The Royal Coat of Arms of Scotland, as used before 1603 The monarch of Scotland was the head of state of the Kingdom of Scotland. ...
The list of the Kings of Strathclyde concerns the kings of Alt Clut, later Strathclyde, a Brythonic kingdom. ...
Events Sancho I of Aragon conqueres Graus. ...
April 2 - Emperor Zhezong became emperor of Song Dynasty. ...
This article is about the country. ...
is the 144th day of the year (145th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Events January 6 - Henry of Anjou arrives in England. ...
, Carlisle is a city in the far north-west of England, and is the largest urban area in Cumbria. ...
Dunfermline Abbey and Church - illustration from Cassells History of England circa 1902 Dunfermline Abbey is the remains of a great Benedictine abbey founded in 1070 by Queen Margaret, wife of Malcolm Canmore and granddaughter of Edmund Ironside, King of England. ...
Alexander I (Alasdair mac MaÃl Coluim) (c. ...
Malcolm IV (or Máel Coluim mac Eanric) (April 23 x May 24, 1141–9 December 1165), King of Scots, was the eldest son of Earl Henry (d. ...
Maud of Northumbria (1074-1130), countess for the Honour of Huntingdon, was the daughter of Waltheof II, Earl of Northumbria and Judith of Lens, the last of the major Anglo-Saxon earls to remain powerful after the Norman conquest of England in 1066. ...
Henry of Scotland (Eanric mac DabÃd, b. ...
Máel Coluim mac Donnchada (anglicised Malcolm III) (1030x1038–13 November 1093) was King of Scots. ...
Stained glass window image of Saint Margaret of Scotland in the small chapel at Edinburgh Castle Saint Margaret of Scotland, also known by her Anglo-Saxon name Margaret Ætheling (c. ...
Image File history File links Scots_lang-en. ...
Image File history File links Scots_lang-en. ...
// Scottish Gaelic (GÃ idhlig) is a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages. ...
is the 144th day of the year (145th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Events January 6 - Henry of Anjou arrives in England. ...
The list of the Kings of Strathclyde concerns the kings of Alt Clut, later Strathclyde, a Brythonic kingdom. ...
The Royal Coat of Arms of Scotland, as used before 1603 The monarch of Scotland was the head of state of the Kingdom of Scotland. ...
Máel Coluim mac Donnchada (anglicised Malcolm III) (1030x1038–13 November 1093) was King of Scots. ...
Stained glass window image of Saint Margaret of Scotland in the small chapel at Edinburgh Castle Saint Margaret of Scotland, also known by her Anglo-Saxon name Margaret Ætheling (c. ...
This article is about the country. ...
For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ...
Henry I (c. ...
When David's brother Alexander I of Scotland died in 1124, David chose, with the backing of Henry I, to take the Kingdom of Scotland (Alba) for himself. He was forced to engage in warfare against his rival and nephew, Máel Coluim mac Alaxandair. Subduing the latter took David ten years, and involved the destruction of Óengus, Mormaer of Moray. David's victory allowed him to expand his control over more distant regions theoretically part of his Kingdom. After the death of his former patron Henry I, David supported the claims of Henry's daughter and his own niece, the former Empress-consort, Matilda, to the throne of England; in the process, he came into conflict with King Stephen and was able to expand his power in northern England, despite his defeat at the Battle of the Standard in 1138. Alexander I (Alasdair mac MaÃl Coluim) (c. ...
Motto Latin: Nemo me impune lacessit (English: No one provokes me with impunity) (Scots: Wha daur meddle wi me) Capital Edinburgh¹ Language(s) Gaelic, Scots Government Monarchy King/Queen - 843-860 Kenneth I - 1587–1625 James VI - 1702-1714 Anne Legislature Parliament of Scotland History - United 843 - Union of the...
The Kingdom of Alba (Gaelic : Rìoghachd na h-Alba) for the purposes of this article pertains to the Kingdom of Scotland between the death of Domnall II in 900, and the death of Alexander III in 1286 which then led indirectly to the Scottish Wars of Independence. ...
Máel Coluim mac Alaxandair or Máel Coluim mac Alasdair (Malcolm, Alexanders son) was the son of King Alexander I of Scotland and enemy of King David I of Scotland, his uncle. ...
Óengus of Moray is the last Mormaer or King of Moray, which he ruled from some unknown date until his death in 1130. ...
The Mormaerdom or Kingdom of Moray (Middle Irish: Muireb or Moreb; Medieval Latin: Muref or Moravia; Modern Gaelic:Moireabh) was a lordship in High Medieval Scotland that was destroyed by King David I of Scotland in 1130. ...
Empress Matilda (February 1102 – September 10, 1167; sometimes Maud or Maude), also called Matilda, Countess of Anjou or Matilda, Lady of the English, was the daughter and dispossessed heir of King Henry I of England. ...
Stephen (c. ...
The monument on the battlefield at Grid reference SE360977 The Battle of the Standard took place on 22 August 1138 near Northallerton in Yorkshire. ...
The term "Davidian Revolution" is used by many scholars to summarise the changes which took place in the Kingdom of Scotland during his reign. These included his foundation of burghs, implementation of the ideals of Gregorian Reform, foundation of monasteries, Normanisation of the Scottish government, and the introduction of feudalism through immigrant French and Anglo-French knights. Steel engraving and enhancement of the obverse side of the Great Seal of David I, portraying David in the European fashion the other wordly maintainer of peace and defender of jutice. ...
A sign in Linlithgow, Scotland. ...
The Gregorian Reform was a series of reforms initiated by Pope Gregory VII and the circle he formed in the papal curia, circa 1050–1080, which dealt with the moral integrity and independence of the clergy. ...
Monastery of St. ...
Roland pledges his fealty to Charlemagne; from a manuscript of a chanson de geste. ...
Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Early years -
 A modern depiction of David's father, King Máel Coluim III. The early years of David I are the most obscure of his life. Historians can only guess at most of David's activities in this period because of the sparsity of the evidence. Steel engraving and enhancement of the reverse side of the Great Seal of David I, a picture in the Anglo-Continental style depicting David as a warrior leader. ...
Image File history File links MalcolmIII.jpg Summary Rampant Scotland, http://www. ...
Image File history File links MalcolmIII.jpg Summary Rampant Scotland, http://www. ...
Childhood and flight to England David was born at an unknown point between 1083 and 1085.[2] He was probably the eighth son of King Máel Coluim III, and certainly the sixth and youngest produced by Máel Coluim's second marriage to Queen Margaret.[3] Máel Coluim mac Donnchada (anglicised Malcolm III) (1030x1038–13 November 1093) was King of Scots. ...
Stained glass window image of Saint Margaret of Scotland in the small chapel at Edinburgh Castle Saint Margaret of Scotland, also known by her Anglo-Saxon name Margaret Ætheling (c. ...
In 1093 King Máel Coluim and David's brother Edward were killed at the river Aln during an invasion of Northumberland.[4] David and his two brothers Alexander and Edgar, both future kings of Scotland, were probably present when their mother died as well.[5] According to later medieval tradition, the three brothers were in Edinburgh when they were besieged by their uncle, Domnall Bán.[6] The River Aln runs through the Alnwick district of the County of Northumberland in England, discharging into the North Sea on the east coast of England. ...
Northumberland is a county in the North East of England. ...
Alexander I (Alasdair mac MaÃl Coluim) (c. ...
Edgar of Scotland (Etgair mac MaÃl Coluim) (1074 – January 8, 1107 ), was king of Scotland from 1097 to 1107. ...
For other uses, see Edinburgh (disambiguation). ...
Domnall mac Donnchada or Domnall Bán (anglicised Donald III) (Donald Bain) (before 1040–1097 or later) was King of Scots. ...
 William "Rufus", the Red, King of the English, and partial instigator of the Scottish civil war, 1093–1097. It is likely that Domnall had travelled down to Edinburgh to prevent Margaret initiating a claim to the throne on behalf of one of her surviving sons, and it is probable that Domnall had been crowned king at Scone already.[7] It is not certain what happened next, but an insertion in the Chronicle of Melrose states that Domnall forced his three nephews into exile, though Domnall was allied to another, Edmund.[8] John of Fordun wrote, centuries later, that an escort into England was arranged for them by their maternal uncle Edgar Ætheling.[9] ImageMetadata File history File links William2. ...
ImageMetadata File history File links William2. ...
William II (c. ...
For the foodstuff see Scone (bread). ...
The Chronicle of Melrose is a medieval chronicle from the Cottonian Manuscript, Faustina B. ix within the British Museum. ...
Edmund of Scotland (Etmond mac MaÃl Choluim) was king of Scotland between 1094 and 1097, in a joint rule with his uncle Donald III. He was the son of Malcolm III and his second wife St Margaret. ...
Edgar Ætheling[1], also known as Edgar the Outlaw, (c. ...
Intervention of William Rufus and English exile William Rufus, King of the English, opposed Domnall's accession to the northerly kingdom. He sent the eldest son of King Máel Coluim, David's half-brother Donnchad, into Scotland with an army at his disposal. Donnchad was killed within the year,[10] and so in 1097 William sent Donnchad's half-brother Edgar into Scotland. The latter was more successful, and was crowned King by the end of 1097.[11] William II (called Rufus, perhaps because of his red-faced appearance, or maybe his bloody reign) (c. ...
Duncan II (1060?- November 12, 1094) was king of Scotland and a son of Malcolm III and his first wife Ingibiorg and therefore a grandson of Duncan I. For a time he lived as a hostage in England and became king of the Scots after driving out his uncle, Donald...
During the power struggle of 1093–97, David was in England. In 1093, he may have been about nine years old.[12] From 1093 until 1103 David's presence cannot be accounted for in detail, but he appears to have been in Scotland for some part of the 1090s. When William Rufus was killed and Henry Beauclerc seized power, and Henry married David's sister, Matilda. The marriage made David the brother-in-law of the ruler of England. From that point onwards David was probably an important figure at the English court.[13] Despite his Gaelic background, by the end of his stay in England, David had become a fully fledged Normanised prince. William of Malmesbury wrote that it was in this period that David "rubbed off all tarnish of Scottish barbarity through being polished by intercourse and friendship with us".[14] Henry I of England, depicted in Cassells History of England, Century Edition, published circa 1902 Henry I (c. ...
Edith of Scotland, (c. ...
William of Malmesbury (c. ...
Prince of the Cumbrians, 1113–1124 -
 Map of David's principality of "the Cumbrians".
 The modern ruins of Kelso Abbey. This establishment was originally at Selkirk from 1113 while David was Prince of the Cumbrians; it was moved to Kelso in 1128 to better serve David's southern "capital" at Roxburgh. David's time as Prince of the Cumbrians marks the beginning of his life as a great territorial lord. The year of these beginnings was probably 1113, when Henry I arranged his marriage to the heiress to the Huntingdon-Northampton lordship and when for the first time David can be found in possession of territory in what is now Scotland. Map of Davids principality of the Cumbrians. Before David I of Scotland became King of Scotland in 1124, he was David, Prince of the Cumbrians and earl of a great territory in the middle of England acquired by marriage. ...
Image File history File links DavidianCumbria-en. ...
Image File history File links DavidianCumbria-en. ...
Download high resolution version (650x865, 52 KB)Photo taken by Mick Knapton on holiday on 24/8/04 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Download high resolution version (650x865, 52 KB)Photo taken by Mick Knapton on holiday on 24/8/04 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Obtaining the inheritance David's brother, King Edgar, had visited William Rufus in May 1099 and bequeathed to David extensive territory to the south of the river Forth.[15] On January 8, 1107, Edgar died. It has been assumed that David took control of his inheritance, the southern lands bequeathed by Edgar, soon after the latter's death.[16] However, it cannot be shown that he possessed his inheritance until his foundation of Selkirk Abbey late in 1113.[17] According to Richard Oram, it was only in 1113, when Henry returned to England from Normandy, that David was at last in a position to claim his inheritance in southern "Scotland".[18] The River Forth meanders over fertile farmlands near Stirling The River Forth, 47 km (29 miles) long, is the major river draining the eastern part of the central belt of Scotland. ...
is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Events William Warelwast becomes Bishop of Exeter. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Kelso Abbey Kelso Abbey is a Scottish abbey built in the 12th century by a community of Tironensian monks (originally from Tiron, near Chartres, in France) who had moved from the nearby Selkirk Abbey. ...
Richard Oram is a Scottish historian and freelance author. ...
King Henry's backing was enough to force King Alexander to recognise his younger brother's claims. This probably occurred without bloodshed, but through threat of force nonetheless.[19] David's aggression seems to have inspired resentment amongst some native Scots. A Gaelic quatrain from this period complains that: Middle Irish is the name given by historical philologists to the form of the Irish language from the 10th to 16th centuries; it is therefore a contemporary of Middle English. ...
| Olc a ndearna mac Mael Colaim, | It's bad what Máel Coluim's son has done;, | | ar cosaid re hAlaxandir, | dividing us from Alexander; | | do-ní le gach mac rígh romhaind, | he causes, like each king's son before; | | foghail ar faras Albain. | the plunder of stable Alba. [20] | If "divided from" is anything to go by, this quatrain may have been written in David's new territories in southern "Scotland".[21]
The lands in question consisted of the pre-1994 counties of Roxburghshire, Selkirkshire, Berwickshire, Peeblesshire and Lanarkshire. David, moreover, gained the title princeps Cumbrensis, "Prince of the Cumbrians", as attested in David's charters from this era.[22] Although this was a large slice of Scotland south of the river Forth, the region of Galloway-proper was entirely outside David's control.[23] Roxburghshire (Siorrachd Rosbroig in Gaelic) is a traditional county of Scotland. ...
Selkirkshire or the County of Selkirk is a registration county of Scotland. ...
Berwickshire (Siorrachd Bhearaig in Gaelic) is a committee area of the Scottish Borders Council and a Lieutenancy area of Scotland, on the border with England. ...
Peeblesshire (Siorrachd nam Pùballan in Gaelic) is a traditional county in Scotland. ...
Lanarkshire (Siorrachd Lannraig in Gaelic) is a traditional county of Scotland. ...
Strathclyde (Welsh: Ystrad Clud) was one of the kingdoms of ancient Scotland in the post-Roman period. ...
David may perhaps have had varying degrees of overlordship in parts of Dumfriesshire, Ayrshire, Dunbartonshire and Renfrewshire.[24] In the lands between Galloway and the Principality of Cumbria, David eventually set up large-scale marcher lordships, such as Annandale for Robert de Brus, Cunningham for Hugh de Morville, and possibly Strathgryfe for Walter fitz Alan.[25] Dumfriesshire or the County of Dumfries (Siorrachd Dhùn Phris in Gaelic) is a registration county of Scotland. ...
Ayrshire (Siorrachd Inbhir Àir in Scottish Gaelic) is a region of south-west Scotland, located on the shores of the Firth of Clyde. ...
Dunbartonshire is one of the Traditional counties of Scotland, in that part of the country formerly called Lennox (which was a title of nobility). ...
Renfrewshire was a county of Scotland until their abolition in 1975. ...
The name Annandale refers firstly to Annandale, Scotland in the valley of the River Annan. ...
Cunninghame (Coineagan in Scottish Gaelic) is one of three traditional districts of Ayrshire. ...
David in England In the later part of 1113, King Henry gave David the hand of Matilda de Senlis, daughter of Waltheof, Earl of Northumberland. The marriage brought with it the "Honour of Huntingdon", a lordship scattered through the shires of Northampton, Huntingdon, and Bedford. Within a few years, Matilda de Senlis bore to him a son, whom David named Henry after his patron.[26] Image File history File links Henry1. ...
Image File history File links Henry1. ...
Henry I (c. ...
Relief map of the Irish Sea. ...
Maud, 2nd Countess of Huntingdon (1074-1130) was the daughter of Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria, the last of the major Anglo-Saxon earls to remain powerful after the Norman conquest in 1066. ...
Waltheof, 1st Earl of Northampton (d. ...
Northampton is a large market town and a local government district in the English East Midlands region. ...
Huntingdon is a town in the county of Cambridgeshire in East Anglia, England. ...
This article is about the English county town. ...
Henry of Scotland (Eanric mac DabÃd, b. ...
The new territories David gained control of were a valuable supplement to his income and manpower, increasing his status as one of the most powerful magnates in the Kingdom of the English. Moreover, Matilda's father Waltheof had been Earl of Northumberland, a defunct lordship which had covered the far north of England and included Cumberland and Westmorland, Northumberland-proper, as well as overlordship of the bishopric of Durham. After King Henry's death David would revive the claim to this earldom for his son Henry.[27] The title of Earl of Northumberland was created several times in the Peerages of England and Great Britain. ...
Cumberland is one of the 39 traditional counties of England. ...
Westmorland (formerly also spelt Westmoreland, an even older spelling is Westmerland) is an area of north west England and one of the 39 historic counties of England. ...
Northumberland is a county in the North East of England. ...
David's activities and whereabouts after 1114 are not always easy to trace. He spent much of his time outside his principality, in England and in Normandy. Despite the death of his sister on May 1, 1118, David still possessed the favour of King Henry when, in 1124, his brother Alexander died, leaving Scotland without a king.[28] is the 121st day of the year (122nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Events Knights Templar founded Baldwin of Le Bourg succeeds his cousin Baldwin I as king of Jerusalem John II Comnenus succeeds Alexius I as Byzantine emperor Gelasius II succeeds Paschal II as pope Births November 28 - Manuel I Comnenus, Byzantine Emperor (died 1180) Andronicus I Comnenus, Byzantine Emperor (died 1185...
Political and military events in Scotland during David's kingship -
Michael Lynch and Richard Oram portray David as having little initial connection with the culture and society of the Scots;[29] but both likewise argue that David became increasingly re-Gaelicised in the later stages of his reign.[30] Whatever the case, David's claim to be heir to the Scottish kingdom was doubtful. David was the youngest of eight sons of the fifth from last king. Two more recent kings had produced sons. William fitz Duncan, son of King Donnchad II, and Máel Coluim, son of the last king Alexander, both preceded David in terms of the slowly emerging principles of primogeniture. However, unlike David, neither William nor Máel Coluim had the support of Henry. So when Alexander died in 1124, the aristocracy of Scotland could either accept David as King, or face war with both David and Henry I.[31] Steel engraving and enhancement of the reverse side of the Great Seal of David I, a picture in the Anglo-Continental style depicting David as a warrior leader. ...
William fitz Duncan is a modern anglicisation of either the Old French Guillaume fils de Duncan or the Middle Irish Uilleam mac Donnchada. ...
Máel Coluim mac Alaxandair or Máel Coluim mac Alasdair (Malcolm, Alexanders son) was the son of King Alexander I of Scotland and enemy of King David I of Scotland, his uncle. ...
Primogeniture is the common law right of the first born son to inherit the entire estate, to the exclusion of younger siblings. ...
First war against Máel Coluim mac Alaxandair and coronation Alexander's son Máel Coluim chose war. Orderic Vitalis reported that Máel Coluim mac Alaxandair "affected to snatch the kingdom from [David], and fought against him two sufficiently fierce battles; but David, who was loftier in understanding and in power and wealth, conquered him and his followers".[32] Máel Coluim escaped unharmed into areas of Scotland not yet under David's control, and in those areas gained shelter and aid.[33] Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (887x779, 222 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Alexander III of Scotland Scotland Coronation Kingdom of Scotland Scone, Perth and Kinross List of monarchs of Scotland...
Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (887x779, 222 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Alexander III of Scotland Scotland Coronation Kingdom of Scotland Scone, Perth and Kinross List of monarchs of Scotland...
Walter Bower or Bowmaker (1385-1449), Scottish chronicler, was born about 1385 at Haddington, East Lothian. ...
Coronation of King Alexander on Moot Hill, Scone. ...
For the foodstuff see Scone (bread). ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 545 × 465 pixelsFull resolution (545 × 465 pixel, file size: 74 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) +/- File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): David I of Scotland Hugh O...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 545 × 465 pixelsFull resolution (545 × 465 pixel, file size: 74 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) +/- File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): David I of Scotland Hugh O...
The inauguration of Hugh at Tullyhogue (Tulach Óg). ...
Tullyhogue is a small village in Co Tyrone, Northern Ireland. ...
Orderic Vitalis (1075 – c. ...
In either April or May of the same year David was crowned King of Scotland (Gaelic: rí(gh) Alban; Latin: rex Scottorum) at Scone. If later Scottish and Irish evidence can be taken as evidence, the ceremony of coronation was a series of elaborate traditional rituals,[34] of the kind infamous in the Anglo-French world of the 12th century for their "unchristian" elements.[35] Ailred of Rievaulx, friend and one time member of David's court, reported that David "so abhorred those acts of homage which are offered by the Scottish nation in the manner of their fathers upon the recent promotion of their kings, that he was with difficulty compelled by the bishops to receive them".[36] The Goidelic languages (also sometimes called, particularly in colloquial situations, the Gaelic languages or collectively Gaelic) have historically been part of a dialect continuum stretching from the south of Ireland, the Isle of Man, to the north of Scotland. ...
Medieval Latin was the form of Latin used in the Middle Ages, primarily as a medium of scholarly exchange and as the liturgical language of the medieval Roman Catholic Church, but also as a language of science, literature, law, and administration. ...
For the foodstuff see Scone (bread). ...
Second war against Máel Coluim mac Alaxandair Outside his "Cumbrian" principality and the southern fringe of Scotland-proper, David exercised little power in the 1120s, and in the words of Richard Oram, was "king of Scots in little more than name".[37] He was probably in that part of Scotland he did rule for most of the time between late 1127 and 1130.[38] However, he was at the court of Henry in 1126 and in early 1127,[39] and returned to Henry's court in 1130, serving as a judge at Woodstock for the treason trial of Geoffrey de Clinton.[40] It was in this year that David's wife, Matilda de Senlis, died. Possibly as a result of this,[41] and while David was still in southern England,[42] Scotland-proper rose up in arms against him. Woodstock Palace was a royal residence in the Oxfordshire town of Woodstock. ...
For other uses, see Treason (disambiguation) or Traitor (disambiguation). ...
Geoffrey de Clinton was a Norman noble, prominent in the reign of King Henry II of England. ...
The instigator was his half-brother Máel Coluim, who now had the support of Óengus of Moray. King Óengus was David's most powerful "vassal", a man who, as grandson of King Lulach of Scotland, even had his own claim to the kingdom. The rebel Scots had advanced into Angus, where they were met by David's Mercian constable, Edward; a battle took place at Stracathro near Brechin. According to the Annals of Ulster, 1000 of Edward's army, and 4000 of Óengus' army, including Óengus himself, died.[43] Óengus of Moray is the last Mormaer or King of Moray, which he ruled from some unknown date until his death in 1130. ...
Lulach (Lulach mac Gilla Comgain) (c. ...
Location Geography Area Ranked 10th - Total 2,182 km² - % Water ? Admin HQ Forfar ISO 3166-2 GB-ANS ONS code 00QC Demographics Population Ranked 19th - Total (2005) 109,170 - Density 50 / km² Scottish Gaelic - Total () {{{Scottish council Gaelic Speakers}}} Politics Angus Council http://www. ...
The Kingdom of Mercia at its greatest extent (7th to 9th centuries) is shown in green, with the original core area (6th century) given a darker tint. ...
For the painter, see John Constable. ...
Stracatho (Gaelic: Srath Catharach) is a small place in Angus, Scotland, to the north east of Brechin on the A90. ...
For other uses, see Brechin (disambiguation). ...
The Annals of Ulster are a chronicle of medieval Ireland. ...
According to Orderic Vitalis, Edward followed up the killing of Óengus by marching north into Moray itself, which, in Orderic's words, "lacked a defender and lord"; and so Edward, "with God's help obtained the entire duchy of that extensive district".[44] However, this was far from the end of it. Máel Coluim escaped, and four years of continuing "civil war" followed; for David this period was quite simply a "struggle for survival".[45]
It appears that David asked for and obtained extensive military aid from his patron, King Henry. Ailred of Rievaulx related that at this point a large fleet and a large army of Norman knights, including Walter l'Espec, were sent by Henry to Carlisle in order to assist David's attempt to root out his Scottish enemies.[46] The fleet seems to have been used in the Irish Sea, the Firth of Clyde and the entire Argyll coast, where Máel Coluim was probably at large among supporters. In 1134 Máel Coluim was captured and imprisoned in Roxburgh Castle.[47] Relief map of the Irish Sea. ...
Map of the Firth of Clyde and area The Firth of Clyde forms a large area of coastal water, sheltered from the Atlantic ocean by the Kintyre peninsula which encloses the outer firth in Argyll and Ayrshire, Scotland. ...
Argyll, archaically Argyle (Airthir-Ghaidheal in Gaelic, translated as [the] East Gael, or [the] East Irish), sometimes called Argyllshire, is a traditional county of Scotland. ...
Roxburgh Castle was a castle sited near modern Roxburgh, in the Borders region of Scotland. ...
Pacification of the west and north Richard Oram puts forward the suggestion that it was during this period that David granted Walter fitz Alan the kadrez of Strathgryfe, with northern Kyle and the area around Renfrew, forming what would become the "Stewart" lordship of Strathgryfe; he also suggests that Hugh de Morville may have gained the kadrez of Cunningham and the settlement of "Strathyrewen" (i.e. Irvine). This would indicate that the 1130–34 campaign had resulted in the acquisition of these territories.[48] Strathgryffe or Gryffe Valley (both also spelled Gryfe) (Gaelic: Srath Ghriobhaidh) is the area in and surrounding the valley of the River Gryfe, extending over the counties of Renfrewshire and Inverclyde in the United Kingdom. ...
The District of Kyle today forms part of East Ayrshire, Scotland. ...
Renfrew (Rinn Friù in Scottish Gaelic) is a small town, located six miles west of Glasgow on the west coast of Scotland. ...
Cunninghame (Coineagan in Scottish Gaelic) is one of three traditional districts of Ayrshire. ...
, For the river of the same name see River Irvine. ...
How long it took to pacify Moray is not known, but in this period David appointed his nephew William fitz Duncan to succeed Óengus, perhaps in compensation for the exclusion from the succession to the Scottish throne caused by the coming of age of David's son Henry. William may have been given the daughter of Óengus in marriage, cementing his authority in the region. The burghs of Elgin and Forres may have been founded at this point, consolidating royal authority in Moray.[49] David also founded Urquhart Priory, possibly as a "victory monastery", and assigned to it a percentage of his cain (tribute) from Argyll.[50] William fitz Duncan is a modern anglicisation of either the Old French Guillaume fils de Duncan or the Middle Irish Uilleam mac Donnchada. ...
Henry of Scotland (Eanric mac DabÃd, b. ...
For other uses, see Elgin. ...
Suenos Stone in Forres The Royal Burgh of Forres (Gaelic: Farrais), an ancient burgh, is situated in the north of Scotland on the Moray coast. ...
Urquhart Priory was a Benedictine monastic community in Moray. ...
In stories common to the Abrahamic religions, Cain or Káyin (קַיִן / קָיִן spear Standard Hebrew Qáyin, Tiberian Hebrew Qáyin / QÄyin; Arabic قايين QÄyÄ«n in the Arabic Bible; قابيل QÄbÄ«l in Islam) is the eldest son of Adam and Eve, and the first man born in creation...
During this period too, a marriage was arranged between the son of Matad, Mormaer of Atholl, and the daughter of Haakon Paulsson, Earl of Orkney. The marriage temporarily secured the northern frontier of the Kingdom, and held out the prospect that a son of one of David's mormaers could gain Orkney and Caithness for the Kingdom of Scotland. Thus, by the time the man who made all this possible for David, Henry I, died on December 1, 1135, David had more of Scotland under his control than ever before.[51] Matad of Atholl was Mormaer of Atholl, 1130s-1153/9. ...
Haakon Paulsson was joint Earl of Orkney 1103–1123 Categories: | | | ...
Earl of Orkney - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...
Location Geography Area Ranked 16th - Total 990 km² - % Water ? Admin HQ Kirkwall ISO 3166-2 GB-ORK ONS code 00RA Demographics Population Ranked 32nd - Total (2006) 19,800 - Density 20 / km² Scottish Gaelic - Total () {{{Scottish council Gaelic Speakers}}} Politics Orkney Islands Council http://www. ...
Caithness (Gallaibh in Gaelic)[1] is a committee area of Highland Council, Scotland; a lieutenancy area; and a registration county, Caithness was formerly a district within the Highland region from 1975 to 1996 and a local government county with its own county council from 1890 to 1975. ...
is the 335th day of the year (336th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Events January - Byland Abbey founded Stephen of Blois succeeds King Henry I. Empress Maud, daughter of Henry I and widow of Henry V opposed Stephen and claims the throne as her own Owain Gwynedd of Wales defeats the Normans at Crug Mawr. ...
Dominating the north
 The ruins of Kinloss Abbey in Moray, founded by David in 1150 for a colony of Melrose Cistercians. While fighting King Stephen and attempting to dominate northern England in the years following 1136, David was continuing his drive for control of the far north of Scotland. In 1139, his cousin, the five year old Harald Maddadsson, was given the title of "Earl" and half the lands of the earldom of Orkney, in addition to Scottish Caithness. Throughout the 1140s Caithness and Sutherland were brought back under the Scottish zone of control.[52] Sometime before 1146 David appointed a native Scot called Aindréas to be the first Bishop of Caithness, a bishopric which was based at Halkirk, near Thurso, in an area which was ethnically Scandinavian.[53] Image File history File links Kinloss_Abbey. ...
Image File history File links Kinloss_Abbey. ...
Kinloss Abbey. ...
Stephen (c. ...
The Lewis chessmen an iconic image of Scandinavian Scotland in Harald Maddadssons time. ...
The Orkney Isles, along with the Shetland Isles to their immediate north, lie off the northernmost tip of Caithness Scotland. ...
Andreas or Aindréas of Caithness (†1184) is the first known bishop of Caithness and a source for the author of de Situ Albanie. ...
The Bishop of Caithness was the ecclesiastical head of the Diocese of Caithness, one of Scotlands 13 medieval bishoprics. ...
Halkirk is a town in Caithness, Scotland. ...
This article refers to the town in Scotland. ...
In 1150, it looked like Caithness and the whole earldom of Orkney were going to come under permanent Scottish control. However, David's plans for the north soon began to encounter problems. In 1151, King Eystein II of Norway put a spanner in the works by sailing through the waterways of Orkney with a large fleet and catching the young Harald unawares in his residence at Thurso. Eystein forced Harald to pay fealty as a condition of his release. Later in the year David hastily responded by supporting the claims to the Orkney earldom of Harald's rival Erlend Haraldsson, granting him half of Caithness in opposition to Harald. King Eystein responded in turn by making a similar grant to this same Erlend, cancelling the effect of David's grant. David's weakness in Orkney was that the Norwegian kings were not prepared to stand back and let him reduce their power.[54] Øystein Haraldson (died 1157), son of king Harald IV of Norway. ...
Roland pledges his fealty to Charlemagne; from a manuscript of a chanson de geste. ...
Erlend Haraldsson was joint Earl of Orkney 1151–1154 Categories: | | | ...
King David and England
 Stephen, King of the English, or Étienne de Blois in French. It was Stephen's "usurpation" that David used as "an excuse" for warring with England, if it was not the actual reason. -
David's relationship with England and the English crown in these years is usually interpreted in two ways. Firstly, his actions are understood in relation to his connections with the King of England. No historian is likely to deny that David's early career was largely manufactured by King Henry I of England. David was the latter's "greatest protégé",[55] one of Henry's "new men".[56] His hostility to Stephen can be interpreted as an effort to uphold the intended inheritance of Henry I, the succession of his daughter, the former empress-consort Matilda. David carried out his wars in her name, joined her when she arrived in England, and later knighted her son, the future Henry II.[57] Image File history File links Stephen. ...
Image File history File links Stephen. ...
Steel engraving and enhancement of the reverse side of the Great Seal of David I, a picture in the Anglo-Continental style depicting David as a warrior leader. ...
Empress Matilda (February 1102 – September 10, 1167; sometimes Maud or Maude), also called Matilda, Countess of Anjou or Matilda, Lady of the English, was the daughter and dispossessed heir of King Henry I of England. ...
Henry II of England 5 March 1133 – 6 July 1189) ruled as King of England (1154–1189), Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Count of Nantes, Lord of Ireland and, at various times, controlled parts of Wales, Scotland and western France. ...
However, David's policy towards England can be interpreted in an additional way. David was the independence-loving king trying to build a "Scoto-Northumbrian" realm by seizing the most northerly parts of the English kingdom. In this perspective, David's support for Matilda is used as a pretext for land-grabbing. David's maternal descent from the House of Wessex and his son Henry's maternal descent from the Saxon Earls of Northumberland is thought to have further encouraged such a project, a project which only came to an end after Henry II ordered David's child successor Máel Coluim IV to hand over the most important of David's gains. It is clear that neither one of these interpretations can be taken without some weight being given to the other.[58] The House of Wessex refers to the family that ruled a kingdom in southwest England known as Wessex. ...
Malcolm IV (or Máel Coluim mac Eanric) (April 23 x May 24, 1141–9 December 1165), King of Scots, was the eldest son of Earl Henry (d. ...
Usurpation of Stephen and First Treaty of Durham Henry I had arranged his inheritance to pass to his daughter Empress Matilda. Instead, Stephen, younger brother of Theobald II, Count of Blois, seized the throne.[59] David had been the first lay person to take the oath to uphold the succession of Matilda in 1127, and when Stephen was crowned on December 22, 1135, David decided to make war.[60] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 82 × 596 pixelsFull resolution (242 × 1760 pixel, file size: 168 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Faithful reproductions of two-dimensional original works cannot attract copyright in the U.S. according to the rule in Bridgeman Art Library v. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 82 × 596 pixelsFull resolution (242 × 1760 pixel, file size: 168 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Faithful reproductions of two-dimensional original works cannot attract copyright in the U.S. according to the rule in Bridgeman Art Library v. ...
Sir Geoffrey Luttrell, mounted being assisted by his wife and daughter. ...
Empress Matilda (February 1102 – September 10, 1167; sometimes Maud or Maude), also called Matilda, Countess of Anjou or Matilda, Lady of the English, was the daughter and dispossessed heir of King Henry I of England. ...
Stephen (c. ...
Original coat of arms of the county of Blois. ...
is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Events January - Byland Abbey founded Stephen of Blois succeeds King Henry I. Empress Maud, daughter of Henry I and widow of Henry V opposed Stephen and claims the throne as her own Owain Gwynedd of Wales defeats the Normans at Crug Mawr. ...
Before December was over, David marched into northern England, and by the end of January he had occupied the castles of Carlisle, Wark, Alnwick, Norham and Newcastle. By February David was at Durham, but an army led by King Stephen met him there. Rather than fight a pitched battle, a treaty was agreed whereby David would retain Carlisle, while David's son Henry was re-granted the title and half the lands of the earldom of Huntingdon, territory which had been confiscated during David's revolt. On Stephen's side he received back the other castles; and while David would do no homage, Stephen was to receive the homage of Henry for both Carlisle and the other English territories. Stephen also gave the rather worthless but for David face-saving promise that if he ever chose to resurrect the defunct earldom of Northumberland, Henry would be given first consideration. Importantly, the issue of Matilda was not mentioned. However, the first Durham treaty quickly broke down after David took insult at the treatment of his son Henry at Stephen's court.[61] , Carlisle is a city in the far north-west of England, and is the largest urban area in Cumbria. ...
For the parish in New Brunswick, see Alnwick, New Brunswick Alnwick (pronounced anick ) is a small market town in north Northumberland, in the north-east of England. ...
Norham is a village in Northumberland, England, just south of the River Tweed and the border with Scotland. ...
This article is about a city in the United Kingdom. ...
Renewal of war and Clitheroe When the winter of 1136–37 was over, David again invaded England. The King of the Scots confronted a northern English army waiting for him at Newcastle. Once more pitched battle was avoided, and instead a truce was agreed until November. When November fell, David demanded that Stephen hand over the whole of the old earldom of Northumberland. Stephen's refusal led to David's third invasion, this time in January 1138.[62]
The army which invaded England in the January and February 1138 shocked the English chroniclers. Richard of Hexham called it "an execrable army, savager than any race of heathen yielding honour to neither God nor man" and that it "harried the whole province and slaughtered everywhere folk of either sex, of every age and condition, destroying, pillaging and burning the vills, churches and houses".[63] Several doubtful stories of cannibalism were recorded by chroniclers, and these same chroniclers paint a picture of routine enslavings, as well as killings of churchmen, women and infants.[64] Richard of Hexham (H. 1141),English chronicler, became prior of Hexham about 1141, and died between 1163 and 1178. ...
By February King Stephen marched north to deal with David. The two armies avoided each other, and Stephen was soon on the road south. In the summer David split his army into two forces, sending William fitz Duncan to march into Lancashire, where he harried Furness and Craven. On June 10, William fitz Duncan met a force of knights and men-at-arms. A pitched battle took place, the battle of Clitheroe, and the English army was routed.[65] Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea. ...
Furness (IPA: ) is a peninsula in the southern part of Cumbria, in north-west England. ...
For other uses, see Craven (disambiguation). ...
is the 161st day of the year (162nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
The Battle of Clitheroe was a battle between a force of Scots and English knights and men at arms which took place on June 10, 1138. ...
Battle of the Standard and Second Treaty of Durham By later July, 1138, the two Scottish armies had reunited in "St Cuthbert's land", that is, in the lands controlled by the Bishop of Durham, on the far side of the river Tyne. Another English army had mustered to meet the Scots, this time led by William, Earl of Aumale. The victory at Clitheroe was probably what inspired David to risk battle. David's force, apparently 26,000 strong and several times larger than the English army, met the English on August 22 at Cowdon Moor near Northallerton, North Yorkshire.[66] The Bishop of Durham is the officer of the Church of England responsible for the diocese of Durham, one of the oldest in the country. ...
The Tyne looking west and upstream from the Newcastle bank towards the Gateshead Millennium Bridge The Tyne Bridge across the River Tyne between Newcastle and Gateshead. ...
William, Count of Aumale, le Gros, Earl of Yorkshire, and Lord of Holderness (died August 20, 1179). ...
is the 234th day of the year (235th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
, Northallerton is a town in North Yorkshire, England. ...
North Yorkshire is a non-metropolitan or shire county, located in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England, and a ceremonial county in that region and also partly in North East England. ...
The Battle of the Standard, as the encounter came to be called, was unsuccessful for the Scots. Afterwards, David and his surviving notables retired to Carlisle. Although the result was a defeat, it was not by any means decisive. David retained the bulk of his army and thus the power to go on the offensive again. The siege of Wark, for instance, which had been going on since January, continued until it was captured in November. David continued to occupy Cumberland as well as much of Northumberland.[67] The monument on the battlefield at Grid reference SE360977 The Battle of the Standard took place on 22 August 1138 near Northallerton in Yorkshire. ...
Cumberland is one of the 39 traditional counties of England. ...
Northumberland is a county in the North East of England. ...
On September 26 Cardinal Alberic, Bishop of Ostia, arrived at Carlisle where David had called together his kingdom's nobles, abbots and bishops. Alberic was there to investigate the controversy over the issue of the Bishop of Glasgow's allegiance or non-allegiance to the Archbishop of York. Alberic played the role of peace-broker, and David agreed to a six week truce which excluded the siege of Wark. On April 9 David and Stephen's wife Matilda of Boulogne met each other at Durham and agreed a settlement. David's son Henry was given the earldom of Northumberland and was restored to the earldom of Huntingdon and lordship of Doncaster; David himself was allowed to keep Carlisle and Cumberland. King Stephen was to retain possession of the strategically vital castles of Bamburgh and Newcastle. This effectively fulfilled all of David's war aims.[68] is the 269th day of the year (270th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Alberic of Ostia was a Benedictine monk, and Cardinal Bishop of Ostia from 1138-47. ...
The Bishop of Ostia was the ecclesiastical head of the Italian Catholic diocese of Ostia. ...
is the 99th day of the year (100th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
For other places with the same name, see Doncaster (disambiguation). ...
Bamburgh is a large village on the coast of Northumberland, England. ...
Arrival of Matilda and the renewal of conflict
 The Empress Matilda, King Stephen's rival. She is often known by the title "Empress" because she was the wife of Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor. David was one of her earliest and most powerful supporters in her struggle for the Kingdom of the English. His 1137–8 invasions of England were carried out in her name. The settlement with Stephen was not set to last long. The arrival in England of the Empress Matilda gave David an opportunity to renew the conflict with Stephen. In either May or June, David travelled to the south of England and entered Matilda's company; he was present for her expected coronation at Westminster Abbey, though this never took place. David was there until September, when the Empress found herself surrounded at Winchester.[69] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Empress Matilda (February 1102 – September 10, 1167; sometimes Maud or Maude), also called Matilda, Countess of Anjou or Matilda, Lady of the English, was the daughter and dispossessed heir of King Henry I of England. ...
Henry IV (left) and son Henry V (right). ...
The Collegiate Church of St Peter, Westminster, which is almost always referred to by its original name of Westminster Abbey, is a mainly Gothic church, on the scale of a cathedral (and indeed often mistaken for one), in Westminster, London, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. ...
Winchester is a historic city in southern England, with a population of around 40,000 within a 3 mile radius of its centre. ...
This civil war, or "the Anarchy" as it was later called, enabled David to strengthen his own position in northern England. While David consolidated his hold on his own and his son's newly acquired lands, he also sought to expand his influence. The castles at Newcastle and Bamburgh were again brought under his control, and he attained dominion over all of England north-west of the river Ribble and Pennines, while holding the north-east as far south as the river Tyne, on the borders of the core territory of the bishopric of Durham. While his son brought all the senior barons of Northumberland into his entourage, David rebuilt the fortress of Carlisle. Carlisle quickly replaced Roxburgh as his favoured residence. David's acquisition of the mines at Alston on the South Tyne enabled him to begin minting the
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