The de Havilland Gipsy Major was a 4-cylinder, air-cooled, inline engine used in a variety of light aircraft in the 1930s including the famous Tiger Mothbiplane. Based on the Gipsy engine, the Gipsy Major used an "inverted" configuration with the cylinders extending downwards below the crankcase. This allowed the propeller shaft to be positioned high without having the cylinders obscure the pilot's forward view over the nose of the aircraft. One disadvantage of the inverted configuration was that the engine continually leaked oil and so would need regular refills. First built in 1932, total production of all Gipsy Major versions was 14,615 units.
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