 Georg Agricola 'the father of mineralogy De re metallica (Latin for On the Nature of Metals (Minerals)) is a book cataloging the state of the art of mining, refining, and smelting metals, published in 1556. The author was Georg Bauer, whose pen name was the latinized Georgius Agricola.[1] The book remained the authoritative text on mining for 250 years after its publication. This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...
This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...
Latin was the language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ...
The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ...
Electric phosphate smelting furnace in a TVA chemical plant (1942) Chemical reduction, or smelting, is a form of extractive metallurgy. ...
Georg Agricola Georg (or Georgius) Agricola (March 24, 1490 - November 21, 1555) was a German scholar and man of science. ...
Agricola had spent nine years in the Bohemian town of Joachimsthal, now in the Czech Republic. (Joachimsthal is famous for its silver mines and the origin of the word "Thaler.") After Joachimsthal, he spent the rest of his life in Chemnitz, a prominent mining town in what was then Saxony. Both Joachimsthal and Chemnitz are in the Erzgebirge, or Ore Mountains. Jáchymov (originally Thal, later Sankt Joachimsthal in German) is a spa town in the Czech Republic, located at the St. ...
Examples of German and Austrian Thalers compared to a US quarter piece The Thaler (or Taler) was a silver coin used throughout Europe for almost four hundred years. ...
Chemnitz (Sorbian/Lusatian Kamjenica, 1953-1990 called Karl-marx) is a city in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. ...
The Free State of Saxony (German: Freistaat Sachsen; Sorbian: Swobodny Stat Sakska) is a federal state of Germany. ...
In the 19th century the Erzgebirge mountains were a centre for lace making. ...
One of the primary problems this book addressed was the removal of water in the mining. The limit Agricola documents for raising water from the mines via a pump is 32 feet. It could then be dumped into another level and pumped from there. The investigation of this problem (and the popularization) would spark a discussion of discovery of air pressure. Also included in this volume are discussions of geology of ore bodies, surveying, mine construction, and ventilation. An electrically driven pump (electropump) for waterworks near the Hengsteysee, Germany. ...
World geologic provinces Oceanic crust 0-20 Ma 20-65 Ma >65 Ma Geologic provinces Shield Platform Orogen Basin Large igneous province Extended crust Geology (from Greek γη- (ge-, the earth) and λογος (logos, word, reason))[1] is the science and study of the solid matter of a celestial body, its composition...
Surveyor at work with a leveling instrument. ...
Return inlet (left)Supply outlet (right). ...
De Re Metallica was not limited to mining. It also covered assaying, refining, smelting, and marketing. It covered the creation of saltpetre, and the use of different acids in the refining process, as well as alchemy, timbering, and even some on the diseases of miners and smelters. This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
Saltpeter is variously: potassium nitrate (niter); or sodium nitrate (soda niter) ...
For alternative meanings see acid (disambiguation). ...
Although Agricola died in 1555, the publication was delayed until the completion of the extensive and detailed woodcuts. A woodcut is a method of printing in which an image is carved into the surface of a piece of wood, with the printing parts remaining level with the surface while the non-printing parts are removed, typically with chisels. ...
In 1912, the first English translation of De Re Metallica was privately published in London by subscription. The translators were Herbert Hoover, a mining engineer (and later President of the United States), and his wife, Lou Henry Hoover, a geologist and Latinist. The translation is notable not only for its clarity of language, but for the extensive footnotes, which detail the history of mining law in England, France, and the Germanies; mining safety, including historical safety; and known minerals at the time that Agricola wrote De Re Metallica. Look up translate in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
London (pronounced ) is the capital city of the United Kingdom and the largest city of England (strangely, England has no constitutional existence within the United Kingdom, and therefore cannot be said to have a capital). ...
Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964), the 31st President of the United States (1929-1933), was a world-famous mining engineer, and humanitarian administrator. ...
The presidential seal was used by President Hayes in 1880 and last modified in 1959 by adding the 50th star for Hawaii. ...
Lou Henry Hoover (1874-1944) Louise Lou Henry Hoover (March 29, 1874 – January 7, 1944) was the wife of President Herbert Hoover and First Lady of the United States. ...
In 1872 U.S. Congress passed the now-infamous Mining Law. ...
Minerals are natural compounds formed through geological processes. ...
Subsequent translations into other languages, including German, owe much to the Hoover translations, as their footnotes detail their difficulties with Agricola's baroque vocabulary. Adoration, by Peter Paul Rubens. ...
See also
Connections was a ten-episode documentary television series created by science historian James Burke in 1978. ...
References - ^ http://www.crystalinks.com/agricola.html
External links - Full text of De Re Metallica
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