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Encyclopedia > Deanol

DMAE (dimethylaminoethanol, deanol), chemically 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol, (CH3)2NCH2CH2OH, is chemical compound related to choline. DMAE is found naturally in fish. It is a precursor to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine which is found in the brain. It is reported to have nootropic effects, although research on this chemical has found both positive and negative potential results. It is believed that DMAE is methylated to choline in the brain. It is known that DMAE is processed by the liver into choline; however, the choline molecule is too large to easily pass the blood/brain barrier.


Short term studies show an increase in vigilence and alertness, with a positive influence on mood. Long term studies, however, indicate a possible reduction in the life-span of quail. With the question of whether this could be extrapolated to humans, DMAE supplementation is therefore still not generally recommended.

Some of the research on the subject:


Earliest research: Pfeiffer, C., et al. Stimulant effect of 2-Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE): Possible precursor of brain acetylcholine. Science. 126:610-611, 1957.


Mood/Vigilence: Efficacy of dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) containing vitamin-mineral drug combination on EEG patterns in the presence of different emotional states. Pubmed, DMAE increases vigilence (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12844472)


Lifespan: Effects of dimethylaminoethanol upon life-span and behavior of aged Japanese quail: 18.4 mg/kg/day significantly reduced the lifespan of quail from a mean of 69 weeks to 49 weeks. Jounal of Gerontology (http://www.geron.org/journals/medical.html) Vol 32 (No. 1) Jan 1977, 38-45


As a treatment for tardive dyskinesia: Haug BA, Holzgraefe M. Orofacial and respiratory tardive dyskinesia: potential side effects of 2-dimethylaminoethanol (deanol)? Eur Neurol 1991;31:423–5.


As an unsuccessful treatment for Alzheimer's: Fisman M, Mersky H, Helmes E. Double-blind trial of 2-dimethylaminoethanol in Alzheimer’s disease. Am J Psychiatry 1981;138:970–2.


Precursor to choline: Zahniser NR, Chou D, Hanin I. Is 2-dimethylaminoethanol (deanol) indeed a precursor of brain acetylcholine? A gas chromatographic evaluation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1977;200:545–59.


  Results from FactBites:
 
Deanol (619 words)
Deanol or dimethylaminoethanol is presently marketed as a dietary supplement, but at one time it was used as a drug for the treatment of hyperactivity in children and was also used for such conditions as neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia.
Deanol was thought to affect tardive dyskinesia because it was believed to be a cholinergic precursor and to enhance acetylcholine synthesis in the brain.
Deanol is absorbed from the small intestine from whence it is transported to the liver where much of it is metabolized to choline.
Anti-Aging Therapies (1990 words)
Deanol was withdrawn from the market in the United States not because of any problems with toxicity, but simply because there came to be better drugs --- for the FDA approved purpose for which it was sold.
The oral LD50 for deanol tartrate is 3100 mg/kg on acute administration.
Since deanol must be taken chronically over a long period to have effect on aging, and especially since the lifespans of mice are very short compared to our own, we may expect that further information will arise long before we have lived out our own lives.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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