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In contrast to Australian republicanism, there has been little national debate about ending the Monarchy in Canada. This may be because Canadians have historically been more focused on more immediate political concerns such as the issue of the role of Quebec within Canada (see Quebec sovereignty movement) and the division of powers between the federal government and the provinces. Historically, many Canadians have seen the monarchy as a traditional institution that forms a key part of the nation's raison d'être and justifies Canada's sovereignty from the United States. One of Canada's national myths is the story of the United Empire Loyalists, a group of British-North American settlers who migrated from the United States to Canada after the American Revolutionary War. A key justification for this migration was supposedly their Tory, monarchist beliefs which they felt the US revolution was betraying. Judicial High Court Lower Courts Constitution State and territory governments Executive Governors and Administrators Premiers and Chief Ministers Legislative Parliaments and Assemblies State electoral systems ACT - NSW - NT - Qld. ...
Canada is a constitutional monarchy and a Commonwealth Realm, with Queen Elizabeth II as its reigning monarch, since February 6, 1952. ...
The Quebec sovereignty movement is a political movement aimed at attaining sovereignty for Quebec, a province of the Canadian federation. ...
Raison dêtre is the reason or justification for existing. ...
A national myth is an inspiring, or patriotic story or anecdote that serves as a national symbol of a country, and re-affirms a countrys national values. ...
United Empire Loyalists is the name given to the portion of British Loyalists who resettled in British North America and other British Colonies as an act of fealty to King George III after the British defeat in the American Revolutionary War, and to recover lost fortunes (land and private property...
Combatants American Revolutionaries, France, Netherlands, Spain, Native Americans Great Britain, German mercenaries, Loyalists, Native Americans Commanders George Washington, Comte de Rochambeau, Nathanael Greene William Howe, Henry Clinton, Charles Cornwallis (more commanders) The American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), also known as the American War of Independence,[1] was a conflict that...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Debate
History Since the mid-20th century, there has been a downplaying of the role of the Crown in Canada. During the centennial year of Canadian confederation, in 1967, some Canadian newspapers, including the Toronto Star advocated the creation of a republic as a mark of the country's independence. We dont have an article called Canadian-confederation Start this article Search for Canadian-confederation in. ...
1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ...
The Toronto Star is Canadas highest circulation newspaper, though its print edition is distributed almost entirely within Ontario. ...
At the first meeting of the Constitutional Conference, held in Ottawa in February, 1968, delegates from Quebec indicated that a Provincial President might suit the Province better than a Lieutenant Governor. However, there was overall a feeling that the Monarchy "has served us well and that its reform has no great priority in the present round of constitutional changes."
Governor General Roland Michener summed up in a speech in 1970: The Right Honourable Daniel Roland Michener, PC , CC , CMM , CD , LL.D (April 19, 1900 - August 6, 1991) was Governor General of Canada from 1967 to 1974. ...
- "From the opponents of our monarchy, one hears: 1. [that] monarchies are out of fashion, 2. [that] republics give more freedom (if one is careful not to cite the Soviet Union, or numerous other republics with repressive regimes, which come readily to mind), 3. that it gives more dignity to humans to choose their own head of state, 4. that it is not Canadian but British; for this reason some regime of our own invention would be more acceptable to our multi-cultural society, 5. then there is the argument: 'change for its own sake'."
However, he went on to say further: - "On the other side of the case, I saw a very effective statement by one Robert H. Hilborn... 'The strength of the monarchy lies not in the power it gives the Sovereign but in the power that it denies to anyone else,' he commented as follows: 'The monarchy provides a basis for political continuity, so that parties can change but the essence and theory of government can continue... Its influence may be more apparent than real but it is real enough for a political system that works on consent'... The monarchy is beyond partisan politics which cannot be said of an elected head of state. In fact there have been numerous examples of battles for power between an elected president and his elected prime minister... [The Monarchy] is our own by inheritance and choice, and contributes much to our distinctive Canadian identity and our chances of independent survival amongst the republics of North and South America. Finally, from the polls it is clear that many Canadians refuse to consider the question at all on the simple ground that what we have works. Isn't this the acid test of any system?"[1]
These arguments for and against, from 1970, reflect those put forward by Canadian monarchists and republicans over 35 years later. From the early 1970s, references to the monarch and the monarchy were slowly removed from the public eye (e.g., the Queen's portrait from public buildings and schools, and the Royal Mail became a crown corporation, Canada Post). The Royal Canadian Navy and Royal Canadian Air Force were merged into the unified Canadian Forces; however, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police remain the national police force. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2000x2500, 759 KB)Queen of Canada - Wearing the insignia of the Order of Canada (above) & The Order of Military Merit (below) Official Photographic Portrait of Her Majesty The Queen of Canada The official Canadian portrait of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2000x2500, 759 KB)Queen of Canada - Wearing the insignia of the Order of Canada (above) & The Order of Military Merit (below) Official Photographic Portrait of Her Majesty The Queen of Canada The official Canadian portrait of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II...
The Order of Canada is Canadas highest civilian honour, with membership awarded to those who exemplify the Orders Latin motto Desiderantes meliorem patriam, which means Desiring a better country. ...
The Order of Military Merit is an Order (decoration) issued by Canada to members of the Canadian Forces whom have demonstrated dedication and devotion beyond the call of duty. ...
1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ...
The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) was the navy of Canada from 1911 until 1968 when the three branches of the Canadian military were merged into the Canadian Armed Forces. ...
The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) was the air force of Canada from 1924 until 1968 when the three branches of the Canadian military were merged into the Canadian Armed Forces. ...
The Canadian Forces (French: Forces canadiennes) are the combined armed forces of Canada. ...
Royal Canadian Mounted Police heraldic badge. ...
In 1976, many Quebec nationalists and sovereigntists complained about Queen Elizabeth's role in officially opening the 1976 Montreal Olympics. 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1976 calendar). ...
The 1976 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXI Olympiad, were held in 1976 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ...
Still, the Monarchy held substantial support during this time, as was demonstrated in the public reaction to the government's Constitutional Amendment Bill C-60, put forward in June, 1978. Amongst other changes, it made propositions to vest executive authority in the Governor General, and rename the position as First Canadian. Some academics, Edward McWhinney for example, supported these changes, however they were strongly opposed by others. Senator Eugene Forsey said the government had managed to "[stir] up a hornet's nest with a short stick." From Regina, Saskatchewan, in 1978, the provincial premiers issued a disparaging statement against the federal government's attempt to unilaterally push changes to the Monarchy, and expressed their opposition to "constitutional changes that substitute for the Queen as ultimate authority a Governor General whose appointment and dismissal would be solely at the pleasure of the federal cabinet." This message was reiterated at the conclusion of the First Ministers conference in 1979. [2] Editorials in the Globe & Mail condemned the proposed changes to the constitution, describing such moves as "[a downgrading] of the symbol most central to Canada's identity," and "crypto-republicanism." [3] Edward (Ted) McWhinney is a Canadian academic specializing in constitutional and international law. ...
Hon. ...
Motto: Nickname: The Queen City Motto: Floreat Regina (Let Regina Flourish) Location City Information Established: 1882 Area: 118. ...
In Canada a First Ministers conference is a meeting between of the provincial and territorial premiers and the Prime Minister. ...
Despite the attempts by the government under his prime ministership, Trudeau said in 1973: "Canadians should realise when they are well off under the Monarchy. For the vast majority of Canadians, being a Monarchy is probably the only form of government acceptable to them. I have always been for parliamentary democracy and I think the institution of Monarchy with the Queen heading it all has served Canada well."[4]
Leading up to the end of 1999, it was leaked from Prime Minister Jean Chretien's office that there had been a plan for "severing the final ties" with the Monarchy by the turn of the new millennium. However, as soon as this was revealed, many denounced the plan, including Chretien, who said on CTV News that the topic was not a Liberal priority, nor one for average Canadians, admitting "There's no big debate in Canada." A survey of commentary by the ten provincial premiers at the time revealed one in favour of a republic (Newfoundland), one abstaining from comment (Quebec), and the remaining eight in support of Canada's Monarchy. Also, after the initial story by Lawrence Martin for Southam Newspapers, in which he praised the move as "a burst of momentum and pride", many newspaper editorials were unsupportive of the initiative, with the Ottawa Citizen's headline reading: "Which millennium?" [5] The Right Honourable Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien, PC (born January 11, 1934, Shawinigan, Quebec) was the twentieth Prime Minister of Canada, serving from November 4, 1993, to December 12, 2003. ...
While the Toronto Star is now no longer officially pro-republic, through the 1990s The Globe and Mail advocated making the Governor General head of state in place of the monarch. The Globe and Mail is a large Canadian English language national newspaper based in Toronto. ...
Present Public opinion polls have clearly shown Canadians' mixed feelings towards the monarchy. Some polls show a majority of Canadians support the creation of a republic, others show a majority favour retaining the current system. Generally however, the prevailing mood towards the monarchy suggested by most polls is one of indifference or apathy.
Quebec, however, is currently the only province where the population might be seen as strongly supporting a republic. This sentiment became pronounced during the Queen's visit to Quebec City in 1964 when she was greeted by anti-monarchist demonstrations. The route of her procession was lined with Quebecers showing their backs to the monarch. On Samedi de la matraque (Truncheon Saturday), police violently dispersed anti-monarchist demonstrators and arrested 36, including some who were there to cheer the Queen. The Queen did not visit Quebec City again until 1987, and has rarely visited Quebec with the exception of Hull, which is across the river from Ottawa and within Canada's National Capital Region.[6] Motto: « Don de Dieu feray valoir » (I shall put Gods gift to good use) Site in the province of Quebec Official logo Provincial region Province Country Capitale-Nationale Quebec Canada Gentilé Québécois, Québécoise Mayor Term Andrée P. Boucher 2005-2009 Federal Members of Parliament...
Hull is part of the city of Gatineau, Quebec, Canada. ...
This article is about the capital city of Canada. ...
The National Capital Region is an informal designation for the Census Metropolitan Area consisting of the Canadian capital of Ottawa, Ontario, the neighbouring city of Gatineau, Quebec and the surrounding area. ...
Today, many Quebec politicians, especially separatists in parties such as the Bloc Québécois, often actively ignore the governmental role of the Monarchy, on the grounds that it is an institution of "English Canada," or of the federal government, with no relevance to Quebec. However, for the same reason, they have not generally advocated republican reforms be taken, as they do not consider reforming Canadian institutions to be their responsibility. Quebec's former separatist premier Bernard Landry has said that if Quebec separates, the new nation would become a republic. The Bloc Québécois is a federal political party in Canada that is devoted to the promotion of sovereignty for Quebec. ...
Jean-Bernard Landry, born March 9, 1937 in Saint-Jacques, Quebec, (near Joliette), is a Quebec lawyer, teacher, politician, past Premier of Quebec, Canada, (2001–2003), former leader of the Opposition (2003–2005) and former leader of the Parti Québécois (2001–2005). ...
In a broad definition a republic is a state or country that is led by people who do not base their political power on any principle beyond the control of the people of that state or country. ...
At the time of the Queen's 80th birthday, the Globe published an editorial echoing its former calls for the Governor General to become head of state, under the guise of "patriating the monarchy," and arguing that Canada could cut its ties to the Crown without becoming a republic. However, in response to this, the Globe published a piece by John Ibbitson which denounced the editorial board's reasoning as flawed and contradictory.
In recent years, there have been some attempts at removing references to the Queen from the Oath of Allegiance and the Oath of Citizenship. In the latter case immigration issues drive the discussion for change. To date, only the oath taken by federal public servants has been altered, but they continue to sign contracts with the Queen in the right of Canada. New citizens, members of the armed forces and police forces, and Members of Parliament continue to take Oaths of allegiance to the Queen. The Canadian Oath of Allegiance, in its present form, is: A person may choose to replace the word swear with declare and to omit the phrase So help me God. ...
Some monarchists argue that the process of downplaying the monarchy has led to widespread misunderstandings about the institution and how Canada is governed.
Citizens' groups The Monarchist League of Canada, a national group founded in 1970, and currently existing as a lobby group to advocate for, educate about, and promote the Canadian Monarchy, formed to counter the anti-monarchy moves by the Trudeau government of the time. Politicians such as former Prime Minister John Diefenbaker and Richard Hatfield were ardent believers in Canada's constitutional monarchy. Other recent politicians such as present Prime Minister Stephen Harper and former Deputy Prime Minister Sheila Copps have been strong supporters of the Monarchy in Canada. Copps was widely praised for her organisation of the Queen's Golden Jubilee tour of Canada in 2002. The Coat of Arms of the Monarchist League of Canada, granted with permission of Her Majesty in 2000 The badge of the Monarchist League of Canada. ...
John George Diefenbaker, CH, PC, QC, BA, MA, LL.B, LL.D, DCL, FRSC, FRSA, D.Litt, DSL, (September 18, 1895 – August 16, 1979) was the 13th Prime Minister of Canada (1957 – 1963). ...
Richard Bennett Hatfield (April 9, 1931-April 26, 1991) was a New Brunswick politician and long time Premier of the province (1970-1987). ...
Stephen Harper (born April 30, 1959) is the 22nd and current Prime Minister of Canada and leader of the Conservative Party of Canada. ...
Hon. ...
A Golden Jubilee is a celebration held to mark a 50th anniversary of a monarchs reign. ...
In recent years a some politicians, such as former Deputy Prime Minister John Manley, have expressed interest in ending the monarchy. In 2002, Canada's first nationally-organized republican movement, the Citizens for a Canadian Republic, was established to bring the debate into the mainstream. The CCR promotes eliminating the Queen's role as Canada's head of state, and replacing her with an elected president of some form. Anne McLellan, Deputy Prime Minister (2003-2006) The Deputy Prime Minister of Canada (French: Vice-premier ministre du Canada) is an honourary position in the Canadian government, conferred at the discretion of the Prime Minister on a member of the Cabinet. ...
Former Canadian MP John Manley John Paul Manley, PC, BA, LL.B is a Canadian lawyer, businessperson and politician, was born on January 5, 1950 in Ottawa. ...
Citizens for a Canadian Republic (CCR) is a non-partisan, not-for-profit Canadian organization founded in 2002 that advocates the abolition of the monarchy in Canada and its replacement with a president who would either be chosen through a general election or elected by Parliament. ...
The majority of this article is about heads of states. ...
Support and opposition
Monarchist arguments Canadian monarchists historically celebrated the monarchy as a link to the United Kingdom and British Empire, and thus a tie to Canada's British heritage. However, in reaction to Quebec separatism, the enhancement of multiculturalism as an official policy, and the growth of a distinct Canadian nationalism through the 1970s and 80s, less and less attention was paid to Canada's British heritage, of which the Monarchy was deemed to be at least partly representative. The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ...
The Quebec sovereignty movement is a political movement aimed at attaining sovereignty for Quebec, a province of the Canadian federation. ...
Into the 1990s the Monarchy also began to take on more distinctively Canadian aspects, including the enhancement of the role of the Governor General as a national and international representative of the Queen and Canada, as well as the federal and provincial governments recognising and promoting the Queen's role as Monarch of Canada as separate to her position as Queen of the United Kingdom. The Governor General of Canada (French: Gouverneure générale du Canada or Gouverneur général du Canada) is the representative of the Canadian monarch. ...
Thus, while monarchists will today still celebrate the monarchy as a historically significant institution, contemporary arguments will also often centre on the perceived political advantage of a constitutional monarchy system of governance, as an integral part of the functioning of Canada's modern government, as well as what they assert are the distinct Canadian aspects of the Crown in Right of Canada, which is sometimes referred to by Canadian monarchists as the "Maple Crown."[7] They state that as the Crown is shared with the other Commonwealth Realms in an equal fashion (by the Statute of Westminster), the monarchy is therefore partly Canadian; a perception in line with the Department of Canadian Heritage.[8] Also, monarchists such as Stephen Phillips reject republican assertions that the monarchy as it operates within Canada is a British, rather than Canadian, institution. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
The Statute of Westminster 1931 was the enactment of the United Kingdom Parliament (December 11, 1931) which established a status of legislative equality between the self-governing dominions of the British Empire and the United Kingdom. ...
The Department of Canadian Heritage, also referred to as Heritage Canada or simply Department of Heritage, is the department of the government of Canada with responsibility for policies regarding the arts, culture, media, communications networks, and sports and multiculturalism. ...
Monarchists argue that the monarchy is a fundamentally unbiased institution, and the apolitical nature of the Crown enables the Queen, or her vice-regal representative, to be a non-partisan figure who can act as an effective intermediary between Canada's various levels of government and political parties -- an indispensable feature in a federal system. It is argued that the monarchy makes the provinces in their fields of jurisdiction as potent as the federal authority, thus allowing for a flexible federalism. Also, the Queen holds no favouritism towards any specific political party, group of voters, donors, etc., allowing them to be an unbiased referee during any potential governmental crisis. The fact that this body holds all executive authority is seen as a bonus by monarchists, who state that the Crown is a guarantor against the misuse of constitutional power by politicians for personal gain. The analogy monarchists use is that the Crown is like a fire extinguisher: rarely used, but highly visible and there in case of emergencies. As Earl Russell put it in The Spectator in 1997: "The monarchy is a political referee, not a political player, and there is a lot of sense in choosing the referee by a different principle from the players. It lessens the danger that the referee might try to start playing." Or, as Sir Michael Forsyth said in in 1999: "The monarchy's most important constitutional function is simply to be there: by occupying the constitutional high ground, it denies access to more sinister forces; to a partisan or corrupt president, divisive of the nation; or even to a dictator. The Queen’s powers are a vital safeguard of democracy and liberty." The word federal in a general sense refers to the nature of an agreement between or among two or more states, nations, or other groups to merge into a union in which control of common affairs is held by a central authority created by and with the consent of the...
The Crown is a term which is used to separate the government authority and property of the state in a kingdom from any personal influence and private assets held by the current Monarch. ...
Fire extinguisher A fire extinguisher is a device used to put out a fire, often in an emergency situation. ...
Michael Bruce Forsyth, Baron Forsyth of Drumlean, PC, is a Conservative politician in the United Kingdom. ...
This non-partisan nature is also seen by monarchists as making the Monarch an ideal representative of the Canadian state, and locus of allegiance, as opposed to a president, who, due to the election process, would cause a relative amount of division between his or her supporters and detractors. Monarchists opine that in a country such as Canada, where regional, linguistic, and cultural divisions already exist, a divisive head of state would be detrimental rather than beneficial.
Monarchists thus say that it is impossible to imagine that any elected head of state can remain as apolitical and unbiased as the Queen currently is. They argue that having both an elected president and prime minister could lead to the two coming to odds over who holds more authority; each could claim to be "elected by the people". For Wikipedias policy on avoiding bias, see Wikipedia:Neutral point of view. ...
However, republicans have argued that the monarchy is, in fact, not above politics. One example they point to is the support the current Queen's parents showed for British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain upon his return from Munich having signed a Pact with Nazi Germany.[9] Arthur Neville Chamberlain, PC (18 March 1869 – 9 November 1940) was a Conservative British politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1937 to 1940. ...
Munich (German: München, (pronounced listen) is the capital of the German Federal State of Bavaria. ...
The Munich Agreement was an agreement regarding the Munich Crisis between the major powers of Europe after a conference held in Munich in Germany in 1938 and concluded on September 29. ...
Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ...
Monarchists also argue that a republican head of state would cost more, not less, than the current monarchy, due to additional costs involved in updating the Governor General's residences to full head of state presidential palace level, the costs of state visits, political advisers, increased ceremonial functions, etc.; functions that in many cases do not exist for a Governor General, given that he or she is not a full head of state, but which would be required for a Canadian president.²
In response to the republican claim that Canada becoming a republic would appease the drive for Quebec sovereignty, monarchists say that those in Quebec who wish for their province to secede from confederation view any federal authority as repressive, regardless of whether that authority is republican or monarchical; hence, the future of the Monarchy is regarded as a non-issue by separatist parties like the Bloc and Parti Québécois. Monarchists also say that Canadian presidents would be more often selected by and/or from the majority English population of the country, and thus sovereigntists would argue that Quebecois are no better represented than under the previous system. The Quebec sovereignty movement is a political movement aimed at attaining sovereignty for Quebec, a province of the Canadian federation. ...
Motto: Je me souviens (French: I remember) Official languages French Flower White garden lily Capital Quebec City Largest city Montreal Lieutenant-Governor Lise Thibault Premier Jean Charest (PLQ) Parliamentary representation - House seat - Senate seats 75 24 Area Total - Land - Water (% of total) Ranked 2nd 1,542,056 km² 1,183...
The Bloc Québécois is a federal political party in Canada that is devoted to the promotion of sovereignty for Quebec. ...
The Parti Québécois or PQ is a political party that advocates national sovereignty for Quebec from Canada, as well as social democratic policies and has traditionally had support from the labour movement though unlike other social democratic parties it has no formal ties with labour. ...
Republican arguments Republicans have traditionally argued against the monarchy on the basis that it is a historic relic, or a colonial holdover with little relevance in modern Canada. Members of both the political left and right have also argued that it is an institution of elitism that undermines democracy. Republicans argue that the monarchy is not a Canadian institution but a foreign and specifically British one, even though the monarchy is no longer an exclusively British institution. Like monarchists, however, the majority of contemporary republican arguments tend to centre on political justifications of such a change. In politics, left-wing, the political left or simply The Left are terms that refer to the segment of the political spectrum typically associated with any of several strains of socialism,communism, social democracy or social liberalism, and defined in contradistinction to its polar opposite, the right. ...
In politics, right-wing, the political right, or simply The Right, are terms that refer to the segment of the political spectrum often associated with any of several strains of conservatism, the religious right, and areas of classical liberalism, or simply the opposite of left-wing politics. ...
Elitism is a belief or attitude that an elite — a selected group of persons whose personal abilities, specialized training or other attributes place them at the top of any field (see below) — are the people whose views on a matter are to be taken most seriously, or who are alone...
In response to monarchist claims of neutrality, republicans will argue that it is entirely possible to have an apolitical, elected head of state. Perhaps it is even inevitable, given the current trend in government to make institutions more transparent, accountable and democratic. One example of this type of head of state in a Westminster-style parliamentary republic is the President of Ireland. The President of Ireland (Irish: Uachtarán na hÉireann) is the head of state of the Republic of Ireland. ...
Republicans point out that in the current system, the prime minister is elected by his or her party, not by popular election. Canadians therefore, do not vote for a prime minister, they vote for members belonging to the party that the prime minister leads. Also, there are other methods for electing a president, with popular election being only one option of many. India's republican system is a model many Canadian republicans see as a one that could be applied at least in part in Canada. Other republicans argue that an elected president could serve as an effective check on the power of the prime minister, and help encourage a greater separation of power within the nation's political culture. The current powers of the Prime Minister of Canada are often criticized as being excessive, so the creation of a revised, independent executive branch may be a solution to this. The fact that these different arguments are often contradictory highlights the fact that in many cases Canadian republicans are not yet fully united on what sort of republican form of government they believe the nation should adopt. The Westminster-style parliamentary republican model, which is advocated by other Commonwealth republican movements, has been embraced by Citizens for a Canadian Republic as the preferred model for Canada. // INTELLIGENT BEHAVIOURS TO BECOME MORE RICHER AND SECURE WITHIN INDIA REMOVE POVERTY AND TO INCREASE SECURITY OF INDIA, THERE IS A NEED TO USE HIGHER INTELLIGENT, THAT IS TO SAY, TO PROMOTE FOREIGN CITIZENS OF FIRST WORLD COUNTRIES TO BECOME CITIZEN OF INDIA WHEREBY THEY HAVE RIGHTS TO PURCHASE WHOLE...
The doctrine and practice of dispersing political power and creating mutual accountability between political entities such as the courts, the president or prime minister, the legislature, and the citizens. ...
Citizens for a Canadian Republic (CCR) is a non-partisan, not-for-profit Canadian organization founded in 2002 that advocates the abolition of the monarchy in Canada and its replacement with a president who would either be chosen through a general election or elected by Parliament. ...
Tony O'Donohue, a Canadian republican and civic politician, observed that the Act of Settlement 1701 explicitly excludes Roman Catholics from the throne and the Queen is Supreme Governor of the Church of England, requiring her to be an Anglican. This discriminates against non-Anglicans, including Catholics who are the largest faith group in Canada. In 2002, O'Donohue launched an ultimately unsuccessful court action that argued the Act of Settlement violates the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms in that it discriminates against Catholics. His case was dismissed by the court, which found that the Act of Settlement is part of the Canadian constitution and thus the Charter of Rights does not have supremacy over it. Also, the court pointed out that while Canada has the power to amend the line of succession to the Canadian Throne, the Statute of Westminster stipulates that the agreement of the governments of the fifteen other realms that share the Crown would first have to be sought if Canada wished to continue its relationship with the other Commonwealth Realms. An appeal of the decision was dismissed 16 March 2005. Anthony ODonohue is a former municipal politician in Toronto, Canada. ...
The Electress Sophia The Act of Settlement (12 & 13 Wm 3 c. ...
The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ...
The Supreme Governor of the Church of England is a title held by the British Monarchs that signifies their titular leadership over the Church of England. ...
The Church of England is the officially established Christian church[1] in England, and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion, as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion. ...
For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ...
The Charter, signed by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau in 1981. ...
The Constitution of Canada is the supreme law in Canada. ...
The Statute of Westminster 1931 was the enactment of the United Kingdom Parliament (December 11, 1931) which established a status of legislative equality between the self-governing dominions of the British Empire and the United Kingdom. ...
The Commonwealth Realms, shown in pink A Commonwealth Realm is any one of the 16 sovereign states of the Commonwealth of Nations that recognise Queen Elizabeth II as their Queen and head of state. ...
March 16 is the 75th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (76th in Leap years). ...
2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
In his ruling on the matter, Justice Rouleau included the following comments:
- [36] The impugned positions of the Act of Settlement are an integral part of the rules of succession that govern the selection of the monarch of Great Britain. By virtue of our constitutional structure whereby Canada is united under the Crown of Great Britain, the same rules of succession must apply for the selection of the King or Queen of Canada and the King or Queen of Great Britain.
Further, he wrote: - [38] In the present case the court is being asked to apply the Charter not to rule on the validity of acts or decisions of the Crown, one of the branches of our government, but rather to disrupt the core of how the monarchy functions, namely the rules by which succession is determined. To do this would make the constitutional principle of Union under the British Crown together with other Commonwealth countries unworkable, would defeat a manifest intention expressed in the preamble of our Constitution, and would have the courts overstep their role in our democratic structure.[1]
{Note: here British Crown refers to the shared Crown, not the Crown in Right of the UK. See Development of shared monarchy) Canada is a constitutional monarchy and a Commonwealth Realm, with Queen Elizabeth II as its reigning monarch, since February 6, 1952. ...
- See also: O’Donohue v. Canada, 2003
In March 2004, Citizens for a Canadian Republic proposed changes that would avoid a new round of constitutional negotiations by advocating a parliamentary reform of the office of the Governor General, an office generally expected to be transformed into a presidency should the monarchy end. The group claims their proposal will address divisive aspects such as the duties and selection process of the new head of state without constitutional amendment, leaving the remaining issue of who should occupy the position to be decided in a referendum. However, monarchists point out that this proposal does not address the provinces, especially concerning the importance of the Crown in their relationship with the federal government, and the positions and powers of the Lieutenant Governors; both issues which would weigh heavily in any constitutional debate on the Crown, regardless of the selection process of the Governor General. La la la! Woo hoo! ...
One constitutional scholar, Ted McWhinney, has argued that Canada can become a republic upon the demise of the current Queen by not proclaiming a successor. However, McWhinney's proposal remains unstudied, and thus publicly unsupported, by either the Canadian government or other constitutional experts. Monarchists have also pointed out that his proposal, like that put forward by republicans, assumes no input from the provinces regarding this attempt to change the status of the Crown, and ignores certain prescriptive clauses of the Constitution Act, such as Sections 9 and 17. Edward Ted McWhinney, QC , LL.M , SJD , LL.D , Jur. ...
The Constitution of Canada is the supreme law in Canada. ...
Republican objectives within fellow Commonwealth Realms Australia, Jamaica and Barbados could possibly factor into the Canadian debate. The Prime Minister of Jamaica has proposed that Jamaica become a republic by 2007. However, he needs only a majority vote in Parliament to implement, while Canada requires a much more difficult process to attain provincial consensus. A Commonwealth Realm is any one of the 16 sovereign states that recognize Queen Elizabeth II as their Queen and head of state. ...
- Further information: Canadian republicanism
William Lyon Mackenzie advocated the creation of a Canadian republic during the 1837 Upper Canada Rebellion and, after the defeat of his uprising in Toronto, established a provisional government for the Republic of Canada on Navy Island. ...
Polls At the time when Canada was beginning to consider constitutional changes in the late 1960s, the role of the Monarchy came somewhat into question. However, it was deemed to be "no great priority in the present round of constitutional changes." Reflecting this, four opinion polls conducted in 1970 showed the Monarchy favoured by 2/3 of the Canadians questioned.
That year, the Canadian Institute of Public Opinion asked nationally: "Do you think Canada should continue to pay allegiance to The Queen, or do you think we should become a republic with an elected president?" To this, 50% said Yes, 33% favoured a republic, and 17% declined to answer. Further, the answer was different by regions; in Quebec 46% favoured a republic as against 23% for monarchy, and 31% offered no opinion. In Ontario the Monarchy was favoured well above the national average, and the West was even higher. Older persons (over 50 years) were stronger advocates of the Monarchy than any other age group, although even those in their 20s gave preference to the Monarchy.
Another 1970 poll revealed that in Canada, exclusive of Quebec, the Crown was of no issue to 37%, and a further 41% were rated as loyalists, although many of those older ones "recognized that youth had different ideas which might have an effect in the future."[10]
Support for the monarchy in Canada dropped to record lows in the late 1990s. In the first half of the new century, support for the monarchy has risen to include the majority of Canadians. However, the fact that many Canadians continue to not completely understand exactly what a "Head of State" is, or the exact nature of the Queen's current role in Canada can cause some problems in drawing concrete conclusions from poll results. Queen Elizabeth II, is the Head of State of 16 countries including: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Jamaica, New Zealand and the Bahamas, as well as crown colonies and overseas territories of the United Kingdom. ...
In 2002, the year of the Queen's golden jubilee, polls were taken by Canada's three biggest polling firms on Canadian views of the monarchy. For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ...
- The 2002 [Ekos poll] found that support for abolition of the monarchy is declining, yet also highlighted many contradictions in public opinion. 48% agreed and 35% disagree with the statement, "Instead of a British monarch, we should have a Canadian citizen as our head of state." Yet at the same time 43% disagreed and 41% agreed to the same question, worded slightly differently: "it's time to abolish the monarchy in Canada." Again, monarchists suggest the confusion may arise from the skewed question which refers to the "British monarch" as Canada's head of state. (As the distinct Queen of Canada, sovereign of the Canadian Crown, many argue the monarchy is, in part, Canadian.) Only 5% were even aware that the Queen was in fact Canada's head of state, with 69% thinking it was the Prime Minister and 9% believing it was the Governor General. 55% agree that the monarchy keeps Canada distinct from the United States, while 33% disagree. This survey has often been cited as evidence of the lack of knowledge that many Canadians have of their government's institutions and functions. (Poll results—PDF document)
- The 2002 Ipsos-Reid poll found that 79% of Canadians support "the constitutional monarchy as Canada's form of government where we elect governments whose leader becomes Prime Minister." However, republicans suggest the result may have been skewed by the inclusion of "where we elect governments whose leader becomes Prime Minister." Also, 62% believe the monarchy helps to define Canada's identity. At the same time, 48% of Canadians say that "the constitutional monarchy is outmoded and would prefer a republican system of government with an elected head of state" and two-thirds (65%) believe the royals are merely celebrities and should not have any formal role in Canada. The same poll also found that 58% believe that "the issue of the monarchy and the form of Canada’s government isn’t important to them and if the system is working OK why go through all the fuss to change it." (Poll results—PDF document)
- The 2002 Leger Marketing poll found 50% said "yes" to the statement, "Elizabeth II is currently the Queen of Canada. Do you (yes or no) want Canada to maintain the monarchy?" 43% said "no". Also, a majority (56%) said "yes" to: "In your opinion, should we replace the head of Queen Elizabeth II on the Canadian dollar by those of people who have influenced Canadian history?" 39% said "no". (Poll results—PDF document)
- A March 2005 poll prepared by Pollara Inc. for Rogers Media Inc. and Maclean's indicated that 46% supported, while 37% opposed the statement: "Do you support or oppose Canada replacing the British Monarch as Canadian Head of State?" (Source: Maclean's magazine, March 21, 2005, p.15). This survey was deemed by monarchists as skewed for two reasons: It mentioned the "British Monarch" rather than the "Queen of Canada", and it was taken at after the announcement of Prince Charles's marriage to Camilla Parker Bowles — an announcement that was seen as unpopular even by some monarchists.
- A March 2005 Decima Research Poll found some interesting support levels for members of the Royal Family. 71% of Canadians had a favourable impression of the Royal Family. Only 20% had an unfavourable impression of the Royal Family. The poll found that 28% of Canadians saw the Queen as their favourite member of the Royal Family, Prince William was second with 26%, Prince Harry was third with 9%, Prince Charles was fourth with 6% and Prince Philip last with 2% support.
- An opinion poll conducted by Environics Research Group Ltd. for the CBC taken on the eve of Prince Charles' wedding to the Duchess of Cornwall found that 65% of Canadians support Charles as King. Only 27% of Canadians did not support him as King. (Poll results)
Ipsos-Reid is a research company founded in 1975 by Didier Truchot, a Paris-based communications specialist. ...
Léger Marketing claims to be the largest independent research firm in Canada and is a member of Gallup International Association. ...
Rogers Communications Inc. ...
Macleans is Canadas leading weekly news magazine. ...
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Cipher-block chaining ...
The current Tampon of Cornwall after her wedding to the Prince of Wales The Duchess of Cornwall is the title held by the wife of the Duke of Cornwall. ...
See also The maple leaf is the characteristic leaf of the maple tree, and is an important national symbol of Canada. ...
Canadian monarchists have historically celebrated the monarchy as a link to the United Kingdom, and thus a tie to Canadas British heritage. ...
William Lyon Mackenzie advocated the creation of a Canadian republic during the 1837 Upper Canada Rebellion and, after the defeat of his uprising in Toronto, established a provisional government for the Republic of Canada on Navy Island. ...
This article or section is missing references or citation of sources. ...
The Queens Personal Australian Flag. ...
This article describes the British monarchy from the perspective of the United Kingdom. ...
References - ^ Speech by Governor General Roland Michener, Nov. 19, 1970
- ^ Dr. Stephen Phillips; Republicanism in Canada in the reign of Elizabeth II: the dog that didn't bark
- ^ Dr. Stephen Phillips; Republicanism in Canada in the reign of Elizabeth II: the dog that didn't bark
- ^ International Monarchist League: Quotations
- ^ Premiers Nix Monarchy Abolition: "NOT A GOVERNMENT PROJECT AT THIS POINT"
- ^ CBC Archives
- ^ Arguments for the Maple Crown
- ^ [www.canadianheritage.gc.ca/progs/cpsc-ccsp/fr-rf/index_e.cfm Department of Canadian Heritage, The Canadian Monarchy]
- ^ British Republic
- ^ Speech by Governor General Roland Michener, Nov. 19, 1970
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