NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Decline of the Ottoman Empire

Decline of the Ottoman Empire covers the military and political events between 1828 to 1908. The name of the period is based on lost/gain comparison. Empire was directly affected by Russian expansion during this time. The political rhetoric was dominated by the economical problems and results of the national uprisings. The Ottoman Empire tried to catch up to western world by passing political and administrative reformations. Image File history File links 20pxOttomanicon. ... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Ø¯ÙˆÙ„Øª Ø§Ø¨Ø¯ Ù…Ø¯Øª Devlet-i Ebed-mÃ¼ddet (The Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power (1683) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital SÃ¶ÄŸÃ¼t (1299-1326), Bursa (1326-1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah... In the late 13th century the Seljuq empire had collapsed and Anatolia was divided into many small states. ... This article is in need of attention. ... The Battle of Vienna of 1683 was the real point at which the Empire began its decline. ... // Balkan Wars The Ottoman army in the balkans was large and appeared on the surface to be modern. ... Combatants Byzantine Empire Ottoman Empire Commanders Constantine XIâ€ Loukas Notaras Mehmed II Strength <10,000 >80,000[1] Casualties Unknown Unknown The Fall of Constantinople was the conquest of the Byzantine capital by the Ottoman Empire under the command of Sultan Mehmed II, on Tuesday, May 29, 1453. ... The Tulip Era is an important period for the Ottoman Empire. ... Graphical timeline Caricature; changes in the form, not in the mind The Tanzimat was a period of reform in the Ottoman Empire that lasted from 1839 to 1876. ... Graphical timeline The First Constitutional Era of the Ottoman Empire was the period of constitutional monarchy from the promulgation of a Basic Law by AbdÃ¼lhamid II on 23 November 1876 until 13 February 1878 when the constitution was suspended. ... Public Demonstration The Second Constitutional Era in the Ottoman Empire began with the 1908 Young Turk Revolution, shortly after which Sultan Abdul Hamid II restored the 1876 Constitution suspended since 1878. ... The wars of the Ottoman Empire in Europe marked the better part of the history of southeastern Europe, notably, giving infamy to the Balkans. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Graphical timeline Ottoman wars in Near East covers the Levant, Anatolia, Mesopotamia, Cacuses. ... Image File history File links Timeline_icon. ... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Ø¯ÙˆÙ„Øª Ø§Ø¨Ø¯ Ù…Ø¯Øª Devlet-i Ebed-mÃ¼ddet (The Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power (1683) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital SÃ¶ÄŸÃ¼t (1299-1326), Bursa (1326-1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah...

Mahmud II was confronted in 1821 with a major rebellion in Greece. Following the Great Powers' intervention which resulted in the Battle of Navarino in 1827 and a Russo-Turkish War in 1828–1829, Mahmud was forced to grant Greece its independence in 1832. The coronation banquet for George IV 1821 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Combatants Greek revolutionaries, United Kingdom, Russia, France Ottoman Empire, Egyptian troops Commanders Theodoros Kolokotronis, Alexander Ypsilanti Omer Vryonis, Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt. ... A Great power is a nation or state that, through its great economic, political and military strength, is able to exert power over world diplomacy. ... Combatants United Kingdom, France, Russia Ottoman Empire, Egypt Commanders Edward Codrington, Henri de Rigny, Login Petrovich Geiden Ibrahim Pasha Strength 7 battleships, 10 frigates, 4 brigs, 2 schooners, 1 cutter 3 battleships, 17 frigates, 30 corvettes, 28 brigs, 5 schooners, 5 or 6 fireships Casualties 181 killed, about 480 wounded... Naval Battle of Navarino by Carneray 1827 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The Russo-Turkish War of 1828-1829 was sparked by the Greeks struggle for independence. ...

Late in his reign, Mahmud became involved in disputes with his ambitious vassal Mehemet Ali, Wali (Governor) of Egypt. Mahmud had enlisted Mehemet Ali's help in suppressing the rebellion in Greece, but had not paid the promised price for his services. In 1831, the Wali declared war, and managed to take control of Syria and Arabia by war's end in 1833. In 1839, Mahmud resumed the war, hoping to recover his losses, but at the very time he died, the news was on its way to Constantinople that the empire's army had been signally defeated at Nezib by an Egyptian army led by Mehemet Ali's son, Ibrahim Pasha. See Mehemet Ali (Turkey) for the Turkish foreign minister and regent. ... Leopold I 1831 (MDCCCXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... The Arabian Peninsula The Arabian Peninsula is a mainly desert peninsula in Southwest Asia at the junction of Africa and Asia and an important part of the greater Middle East. ... 1833 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1839 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Map of Constantinople. ... The newly excavated Church of Saint Jacob in Nisibis. ... Ibrahim Pasha (Arabic: Ø§Ø¨Ø±Ø§Ù‡ÙŠÙ… Ø¨Ø§Ø´Ø§) â€Ž (1789 â€“ 10 November 1848), a 19th century general of Egypt. ...

Abd-ul-Mejid I

Combatants United Kingdom France Ottoman Empire Kingdom of Sardinia Russian Empire Casualties 17,500 British 90,000 French 35,000 Turkish 2,050 Sardinian killed, wounded and died of disease 256,000 killed, wounded and died of disease The Crimean War lasted from 1854 until 1 April 1856 and was... Sultan Abdul Mejid I Abd-ul-Mejid (Arabic: Ø¹Ø¨Ø¯ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø¬ÙŠØ¯ Ø§Ù„Ø£ÙˆÙ„ ) (April 23, 1823 â€“ June 25, 1861) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire and succeeded his father Mahmud II on July 2, 1839. ...

Abd-ul-Aziz

Sultan Abd-ul-Aziz Abd-ul-aziz (Arabic: Ø¹Ø¨Ø¯ Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø²ÙŠØ² ) (February 9, 1830 â€“ 1876) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1861 to May 30, 1876. ...

Abdul Hamit II

Combatants Russia, Romania Ottoman Empire The Russo-Turkish War of 1877â€“1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. ... Sultan Abdul Hamid II Abd-ul-Hamid II also Abdulhamid, AbdÃ¼lhamit, Abdul Hamid, Abd al-Hamid II, or Abdul-Hamid (Arabic: Ø¹Ø¨Ø¯ Ø§Ù„ØÙ…ÙŠØ¯ Ø§Ù„Ø«Ø§Ù†ÙŠ) Wednesday, (September 21, 1842 â€“ February 10, 1918) was the last real Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. ...

Mehmet V

Categories: History of the Ottoman Empire | Ottoman Empire stubs Sultan Mehmed V Mehmed V (sometimes also Mahommed V; known as Mehmed V ReÅŸad (or ReÅŸat) or Reshid Effendi) (November 2, 1844 â€“ July 3, 1918) was the 39th Ottoman Sultan. ... This is a list of Turkey-related articles: Contents: Top - 0-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 0-9 2003 Istanbul Bombings A Abbas I of Egypt - Abbas II... Image File history File links Flag_of_Turkey. ... Image File history File links TÃ¼rkiye_armasÄ±.svgâ€Ž File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Turkey ... Modern Turkey spans bustling cosmopolitan centres, pastoral farming villages, barren wastelands, peaceful Aegean and Mediterannean coastlines, and steep mountain regions. ... This article is about the various peoples speaking one of the Turkic languages. ... The Turks, (Turkish: TÃ¼rkler), or the Turkish people (TÃ¼rk HalkÄ±), are a nation (millet) in the meaning an ethnos (Halk in Turkish), defined more by a sense of sharing a common Turkish culture and having a Turkish mother tongue, than by citizenship, religion or by being subjects to... The terms Peoples of the Caucasus and Caucasian Peoples indicate two main groups of people in Turkey: Immigrants from North Caucasus: Circassians (including the Abkhaz and Abazins): Following the end of Circassian insurgency in 1864 and as an exodus from North Caucasia, Circassian peoples had settled in the territory of... Turkey is a successor state of the Ottoman Empire, a multi-ethnic empire consolidated by gradual conquest during medieval and early modern times (1300-1700). ... This article or section is missing references or citation of sources. ... Anatolian beyliks (also Turkmen beyliks, TevÃ¢if-i mÃ¼lÃ»k (in Ottoman Turkish) were small Turkish emirates or muslim principalities (beylik) governed by tribal beys, which were founded in several locations of Anatolia as of the end of the 13th century. ... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Ø¯ÙˆÙ„Øª Ø§Ø¨Ø¯ Ù…Ø¯Øª Devlet-i Ebed-mÃ¼ddet (The Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power (1683) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital SÃ¶ÄŸÃ¼t (1299-1326), Bursa (1326-1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah... In the late 13th century the Seljuq empire had collapsed and Anatolia was divided into many small states. ... This article is in need of attention. ... The Battle of Vienna of 1683 was the real point at which the Empire began its decline. ... // Balkan Wars The Ottoman army in the balkans was large and appeared on the surface to be modern. ... One of the new states from the Ottoman Empire was the Republic of Turkey. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... AtatÃ¼rk, modern Turkeys founder and first President The history of modern Turkey begins with the foundation of the republic on October 29, 1923 (the Republic was declared on January 20, 1921), with Mustafa Kemal (AtatÃ¼rk) as its first president. ... This page summarizes the history after the Multi-party period. ... // Overview Over the centuries, Turkey has had many constitutions and can be caracterized by the steady establishment of a nation-state, democratization and internationalisation. ... At the time of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire (see Economy of the Ottoman Empire) during World War I, the Turkish economy was underdeveloped: agriculture depended on outmoded techniques and poor-quality livestock, and the few factories producing basic products such as sugar and flour were under foreign control. ... This page does not include the war of independance. ... Mustafa Kemal AtatÃ¼rk Mustafa Kemal AtatÃ¼rk (1881â€“November 10, 1938), Turkish army officer, revolutionary, and anti-imperialist statesman, was the founder and first President of the Republic of Turkey. ... Mustafa Ä°smet Ä°nÃ¶nÃ¼ (1884 - December 25, 1973) was a Turkish soldier, statesman and the second President of Turkey. ... Mustafa BÃ¼lent Ecevit (May 28, 1925â€“November 5, 2006), was a Turkish politician and also a poet, writer and journalist. ... Turkey is a secular, republican parliamentary democracy. ... There have been ten Presidents of the Republic of Turkey since its inception. ... This is a chronological list of every government formed by the Prime Ministers of the Republic of Turkey. ... The Grand National Assembly (TÃ¼rkiye BÃ¼yÃ¼k Millet Meclisi in Turkish) is the unicameral parliament of Turkey which carries out legislative functions. ... Political parties in Turkey lists political parties in Turkey. ... Elections in Turkey gives information on election and election results in Turkey. ... Turkeys primary political, economic, and security ties are with the Western world. ... // Overview Part Four, Section Two of the Turkish Constitution has established the Constitutional Court of Turkey that statutes on the conformity of laws and decrees to the Constitution, and it can be seized by the President of the Republic, the government, the members of Parliament or any judge before whom... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Anatolia lies east of the Bosphorus, between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Anatolia is a peninsula of Western Asia which forms the greater part of the Asian portion of Turkey, as opposed to the European portion (Thrace, or traditionally Rumelia). ... Provinces of Turkey are called iller in Turkish (singular is il, see Turkish alphabet for capitalization of i). ... This is a list of cities in Turkey by population (according to the 2000 census). ... Other Turkish Topics Culture - Education Geography - History - Politics Turkey Portal This is a list of companies from Turkey. ... // BayÄ±ndÄ±rbank A.Åž. Albaraka Turk Arap TÃ¼rk BankasÄ± A.Åž. BankEuropa BankasÄ± A.Åž. Kuveyt TÃ¼rk BankasÄ± A.Åž. Citibank A.Åž. Deutsche Bank A.Åž. Fortis Bank A.Åž. HSBC Bank A.Åž. ABN AMRO Bank N.V. Banca di Roma S.P.A. Bank Mellat Habib Bank Limited J P Morgan Chase... On 31 December 1995 the customs union between Turkey and the European Union came into effect. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... TRY banknotes and coins The Turkish new lira is the current currency of Turkey and of the de facto state Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. ... Modern Turkey spans bustling cosmopolitan centres, pastoral farming villages, barren wastelands, peaceful Aegean and Mediterannean coastlines, and steep mountain regions. ... Turkish (TÃ¼rkÃ§e) is a Turkic language spoken natively by the Turkish people in Turkey, which also has speakers in Cyprus, Bulgaria, Greece, Republic of Macedonia and other countries of the former Ottoman Empire, as well as by several million emigrants in the European Union. ... Interior of the Hagia Sofia, Istanbul, Turkey, June 1994. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Turkey is a signatory to the European Convention on Human Rights and the Turkish Constitution guarantees basic human rights to all Turkish citizens. ... Traditional Turkish coffee The culture of Turkey is a diverse one, derived from various elements of the Ottoman Empire, European, and the Islamic traditions. ... Turkish art is a term referring to the visual arts and plastic arts (often including architecture, woodwork, textiles and ceramics) originating from the geographical area of what is present day Turkey. ... A page from the DÃ®vÃ¢n-Ä± FuzÃ»lÃ®, the collected poems of the 16th-century Ottoman poet FuzÃ»lÃ® Turkish literature is the collection of written and oral texts composed in the Turkish language, either in its Ottoman form or in less exclusively literary forms, such as that spoken... Turkish theatre can be observed under two main titles: Traditional Turkish theatre and Westernized Turkish theatre. ... History (Timeline and Samples) Genres: Alternative - Classical - Dance - Folk - Hip hop - Jazz - Military - Ottoman - Pop - Religious - Rock Music awards Kral - MÃœ-YAP - MGD Charts Powerturk 40 - Kral 20 Annual festivals Istanbul International Music Festival - Istanbul International Jazz Festival - Ankara IMF - Izmir European Jazz Festival Media Bant magazine - Mix! - Adante - BlueJean... See these examples of Ottoman Architecture: The Topkapi Palace The DolmabahÃ§e Palace The Sultan Ahmed Mosque (Sultanahmet Camii; also known as the Blue Mosque) The Suleiman Mosque (SÃ¼leymaniyye Camii) The Ottoman residential buildings, YalÄ±s See also: Islamic architecture Mosques. ... Water Fountain in Istanbul, 1878 Ottoman architecture is the architecture of the Ottoman Empire which emerged in Bursa and Edirne in 14th and 15th centuries. ... Ahi Evren Ahriyan Al Basti Alaturbi Ancomah Bardi Cazi GermakoÃ§i Karakoncolos Karakura Kolot Tavara // Breaking vine In Trabzon region folklore (Ã‡arÅŸÄ±baÅŸi town) For testing whether the new bride is propitious, when she comes to the house, she is asked to break a vine from three points and... Turkish cuisine is the cuisine of the Turkish people who controlled the eastern Mediterranean Sea region and the Middle East during the reign of the Ottoman Empire from the 14th century to the end of the World War I. Turkic cuisine elements brought from Central Asia were mixed with the... Other Turkish Topics Culture - Education Geography - History - Politics Turkey Portal Tourism in Turkey is focused largely on a variety of archaeological and historical sites, and on seaside resorts along its Aegean and Mediterranean coasts. ... The official holidays in Turkey are established by the Act 2429 of March 19, 1981 that replaced the Act 2739 of May 27, 1935. ... More than 100 festivals are held in Turkey every year. ... Flag ratio: 2:3 The flag of Turkey consists of a white crescent moon and a star on a red background. ... The Coat of Arms of Turkey is a red oval containing a vertically-oriented crescent and star from the Turkish flag surrouned by the official name of the country in Turkish. ... The Ä°stiklÃ¢l MarÅŸÄ± (i. ... The Ottoman Dynasty (or the Imperial House of Osman) ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1281 to 1923, beginning with Osman I (not counting his father, ErtuÄŸrul), though the dynasty was not proclaimed until 1383 when Murad I declared himself sultan. ... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Ø¯ÙˆÙ„Øª Ø§Ø¨Ø¯ Ù…Ø¯Øª Devlet-i Ebed-mÃ¼ddet (The Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power (1683) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital SÃ¶ÄŸÃ¼t (1299-1326), Bursa (1326-1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah... In the late 13th century the Seljuq empire had collapsed and Anatolia was divided into many small states. ... Events Osman I declares the independence of the Ottoman Principality The County of Holland is annexed by the County of Hainaut April 1, 1299 Kings Towne on the River Hull granted city status by Royal Charter of King Edward I of England. ... Events May 29 - Fall of Constantinople to Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II the Conqueror, marking the end of the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire). ... Sultan Osman I Osman I (1258â€“1326) (Ottoman: Ø¹Ø«Ù…Ø§Ù† Ø¨Ù† Ø£Ø±Ø·ØºÙ„) was born in 1258 and inherited the title bey (chief) from his father, ErtuÄŸrul, as the ruler of the village of SÃ¶ÄŸÃ¼t in 1281. ... Orhan (Turkish: also Orhan Gazi or Orkhan) (1284â€“1359), was the second bey (chief) of the newborn Ottoman Empire (at the time known as the Osmanli tribe) from 1326 to 1359. ... Sultan Murad I (à¸¡à¸¹à¹‰à¸«à¸¥à¸±à¸”à¸—à¸µà¹ˆà¸«à¸™à¸¶à¹ˆà¸‡) Murad I (nick-named HÃ¼davendigÃ¢r, the God-liked one) (1319 (or 1326) â€“ 1389) was the ruler of the Ottoman Empire from 1359 to 1389. ... Bayezid I (Ottoman: Ø¨Ø§ÙŠØ²ÙŠØ¯ Ø§ÙˆÙ„, Modern Turkish: BeyazÄ±t, nicknamed YÄ±ldÄ±rÄ±m (Ottoman: ÛŒÛŒÙ„Ø¯ÛŒØ±Ù…), the Thunderbolt; Arabic: Ø¨Ø§ÙŠØ²ÙŠØ¯ Ø§Ù„Ø£ÙˆÙ„; ca 1354â€“1403) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1389 to 1402. ... Sultan Mehmet I Mehmed I Ã‡elebi (nicknamed Kirisci, the Executioner) (1389 â€“ May 26, 1421) was a sultan of the Ottoman Empire. ... Murad II Murad II (1404 â€“ February 3, 1451) (Arabic: Ù…Ø±Ø§Ø¯ Ø§Ù„Ø«Ø§Ù†ÙŠ) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1421 to 1451 (except for a period from 1444 to 1446). ... Mehmed II (also known as el-Fatih (Ø§Ù„ÙØ§ØªØ), the Conqueror, in Ottoman Turkish, or, in modern Turkish, Fatih Sultan Mehmet) (March 30, 1432 â€“ May 3, 1481) (Ottoman Turkish: Ù…ØÙ…Ø¯ Ø«Ø§Ù†Ù‰ Meá¸¥med-i sÄnÄ«) was first the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire for a short time from 1444 to 1446, and later... This article is in need of attention. ... Events May 29 - Fall of Constantinople to Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II the Conqueror, marking the end of the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire). ... Events June 6 - The Ashmolean Museum opens as the worlds first university museum. ... Sultan Beyazid II Bayezid II (1447/48 â€“ May 26, 1512) (Arabic: Ø¨Ø§ÙŠØ²ÙŠØ¯ Ø§Ù„Ø«Ø§Ù†ÙŠ) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1481 to 1512. ... Selim I (October 10, 1465 â€“ September 22, 1520); also known as the Grim or the Brave, (Yavuz in Turkish; Arabic: Ø³Ù„ÙŠÙ… Ø§Ù„Ø£ÙˆÙ„) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1512 to 1520. ... Suleiman I (Modern Turkish: SÃ¼leyman; Arabic: â€Ž SulaymÄn) (November 6, 1494 â€“ September 5/6, 1566), was the tenth Osmanli Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, and its longest-serving, reigning from 1520 to 1566. ... Selim II Selim II (May 28, 1524 – December 12, 1574) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1566 until his death. ... Murad III Murad III (July 4, 1546 – January 15, 1595) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1574 until his death. ... Mehmed III Mehmed III (May 26, 1566 â€“ December 22, 1603) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1595 until his death. ... Sultan Ahmed I Ahmed I (April 18, 1590 – November 22, 1617) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1603 until his death. ... Mustafa I (1592 â€“ January 20, 1639) (Arabic: Ù…ØµØ·ÙÙ‰ Ø§Ù„Ø£ÙˆÙ„) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1617 to 1618 and from 1622 to 1623. ... Osman II (also known as GenÃ§ Osman â€“ meaning Young Osman â€“ in Turkish) (in Arabic Ø¹Ø«Ù…Ø§Ù† Ø§Ù„Ø«Ø§Ù†ÙŠ) (November 3, 1604 â€“ May 20, 1622) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1618 until his death on 20 May 1622. ... Murad IV (Arabic: Ù…Ø±Ø§Ø¯ Ø§Ù„Ø±Ø§Ø¨Ø¹) (June 16, 1612 â€“ February 9, 1640) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1623 to 1640, known both for restoring the authority of the state and for the brutality of his methods. ... The Battle of Vienna of 1683 was the real point at which the Empire began its decline. ... Events June 6 - The Ashmolean Museum opens as the worlds first university museum. ... Naval Battle of Navarino by Carneray 1827 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Sultan Ibrahim I Ibrahim I (November 5, 1615 – August 12, 1648) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1640–1648. ... Sultan Mehmed IV Mehmed IV (also known as DÃ¶rdÃ¼ncÃ¼, fourth, and Avci, hunter) (January 2, 1642â€“1693) (Arabic: Ù…ØÙ…Ø¯ Ø§Ù„Ø±Ø§Ø¨Ø¹) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1648 to 1687. ... Suleiman II (April 15, 1642 – 1691) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1687 to 1691. ... Ahmed II (in Arabic Ø£ØÙ…Ø¯ Ø§Ù„Ø«Ø§Ù†Ù‰) (February 25, 1643 â€“ 1695) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1691 to 1695. ... Sultan Mustafa II Mustafa II (February 6, 1664 â€“ December 28, 1703) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1695 to 1703. ... Sultan Ahmed III KÃ¶Ã§eks at a fair. ... Sultan Mahmud I Mahmud I (August 2, 1696 â€“ December 13, 1754) was the sultan of the Ottoman empire from 1730 to 1754. ... Osman III (in Arabic Ø¹Ø«Ù…Ø§Ù† Ø§Ù„Ø«Ø§Ù„Ø«) (January 2, 1699 â€“ October 30, 1757) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1754 to 1757. ... Sultan Mustafa III Mustafa III (January 28, 1717 – January 21, 1774) was the sultan of the Ottoman empire from 1757 to 1774. ... Sultan Abdul Hamid I Abd-ul-Hamid I (March 20, 1725 â€“ April 7, 1789), also known as Abdulhamid, Abdul Hamid or Abdul-Hamid, was the 27th sultan of the Ottoman Empire. ... Sultan Selim III Selim III (December 24, 1761 â€“ July 28/29, 1808) was a sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1789â€“1807). ... Sultan Mustafa IV Mustafa IV (September 8, 1779 – November 15, 1808) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1807 to 1808. ... Sultan Mahmud II Animation showing the structure of the Tughra of Mahmud II Mahmud II (in Arabic Ù…ØÙ…ÙˆØ¯Ø§Ù„Ø«Ø§Ù†Ù‰ ) (July 20, 1785â€“July 1, 1839) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1808 until his death. ... 1828 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Sultan Abdul Mejid I AbdÃ¼lmecit (also with various alternate spellings, including Abd-ul-Mejid, Abd Ã¼l-Mecid and AbdÃ¼lmecid; in Arabic Ø¹Ø¨Ø¯ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø¬ÙŠØ¯ Ø§Ù„Ø£ÙˆÙ„) (April 23, 1823 â€“ June 25, 1861) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire and succeeded his father Mahmut II on July 2, 1839. ... AbdÃ¼lÃ¢ziz (Ottoman Turkish: Ø¹Ø¨Ø¯ Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø²ÙŠØ² â€˜AbdÃ¼â€™l-â€˜AzÄ«z) was the 32nd sultan of the Ottoman Empire and reigned between June 25, 1861 and May 30, 1876. ... Sultan Mehmed Murad V (September 21, 1840 â€“ August 29, 1904) (Arabic: Ù…Ø±Ø§Ø¯ Ø§Ù„Ø®Ø§Ù…Ø³) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire who reigned from May 30, 1876 to August 31 of the same year. ... Sultan Abdul Hamid II Abd-ul-Hamid II also Abdulhamid, AbdÃ¼lhamit, Abdul Hamid, Abd al-Hamid II, or Abdul-Hamid (Arabic: Ø¹Ø¨Ø¯ Ø§Ù„ØÙ…ÙŠØ¯ Ø§Ù„Ø«Ø§Ù†ÙŠ) Wednesday, (September 21, 1842 â€“ February 10, 1918) was the last real Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. ... Sultan Mehmed V Mehmed V (sometimes also Mahommed V; known as Mehmed V ReÅŸad (or ReÅŸat) or Reshid Effendi) (November 2, 1844 â€“ July 3, 1918) was the 39th Ottoman Sultan. ... // Balkan Wars The Ottoman army in the balkans was large and appeared on the surface to be modern. ... 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Sultan Mehmed VI Mehmed VI, original name Mehmed Vahdettin or Mehmed Vahideddin, (January 14, 1861 â€“ May 16, 1926) was the last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, reigning from 1918â€“1922. ...