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The Defenestrations of Prague can refer to either of two incidents in the history of Bohemia. The first occurred in 1419 and the second in 1618, although the term "Defenestration of Prague" is more commonly used to refer to the second incident. Both helped to trigger prolonged conflict within Bohemia and beyond. Defenestration is the act of throwing someone or something out of a window. Look up defenestration in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Flag of Bohemia Bohemia (Czech: ; German: ) is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western and middle thirds of the Czech Republic. ... Look up defenestration in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Contents 1 First Defenestration of Prague 1.1 Background 2 Second Defenestration of Prague 3 Further “defenestrations” 4 Notes 5 References 6 External links [edit] First Defenestration of Prague The First Defenestration of Prague involved the killing of seven members of the city council by a crowd of radical Czech Hussites on July 30, 1419. For other uses, see Prague (disambiguation). ... The Hussites comprised an early Protestant Christian movement, followers of Jan Hus. ... is the 211th day of the year (212th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 19 – Hundred Years War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England which brings Normandy under the control of England. ... [edit] Background Jan Želivský, a Hussite priest at the church of the Virgin Mary of the Snows, led his congregation on a procession through the streets of Prague to the Town Hall - Novoměstská radnice - on Charles Square. The town council members had refused to exchange their Hussite prisoners. While they were marching a stone was thrown at Želivský from the window of the town hall. [1] The mob became enraged at this event and led by Jan Žižka stormed the town hall. Once inside the hall the group threw the judge, the burgomaster, and several members of the town council out of the windo and into the street, where they were killed by the fall.[2] Jan Želivský (1380 - 9 March 1422) was a Czech priest and a radical representative of the Hussite reformation. ... The Hussites were a Christian movement following the teachings of the reformer Jan Hus (circa 1369–1415), who was influenced by John Wyclif and became one of the forerunners of the Protestant Reformation. ... This article is about religious workers. ... The New Town Hall (Czech: NovomÄ›stská radnice) is the administrative centre of Pragues (medieval) New Town Quarter, or Nové MÄ›sto. In 1419 it was the site of the first of the three defenestrations of Prague. ... Jan Žižka (or John Zizka of Trocnov or Johann Ziska Czech: Jan Žižka z Trocnova) (c. ... King Wenzel, upon hearing this news, was so excited that he supposedly died a little time after supposedly due to the shock.[3] The procession was a result of the growing discontent at the inequality between the peasants and the Church, the Church's prelates, and the nobility. This discontentment combined with rising feelings of nationalism and increased the influence of "radical" preachers like Jan Želivský, who saw the current state of the Catholic Church as a corruption of the Christian faith. These preachers urged their congregations to action, including taking up arms, to combat these perceived transgressions. The First Defenestration was thus the turning point between talk and action leading to the prolonged Hussite Wars. The wars broke out shortly afterward and lasted until 1436. Crusades First – Peoples – German – 1101 – Second – Third – Fourth – Albigensian – Childrens – Fifth – Sixth – Seventh – Shepherds – Eighth – Ninth – Aragonese – Alexandrian – Nicopolis – Northern – Hussite – Varna – Otranto Hussite Wars Nekmer - SudomÄ•Å™ – Vítkov – VyÅ¡ehrad – Nebovidy - NÄ›mecký Brod – HoÅ™ice – Ústí nad Labem – Tachov – Lipany – Grotniki The Hussite Wars, also called... A contemporary woodcut of the defenestration in 1618.[a] Image File history File links Second Defenestration of Prague, contemporary woodcut File links The following pages link to this file: Defenestrations of Prague ... Image File history File links Second Defenestration of Prague, contemporary woodcut File links The following pages link to this file: Defenestrations of Prague ... [edit] Second Defenestration of Prague The Second Defenestration of Prague was central to the start of the Thirty Years' War in 1618. Combatants Sweden  Bohemia Denmark-Norway[1] Dutch Republic France Scotland England Saxony  Holy Roman Empire Catholic League Austria Bavaria Spain Commanders Frederick V Buckingham Leven Gustav II Adolf â€  Johan Baner Cardinal Richelieu Louis II de Bourbon Vicomte de Turenne Christian IV of Denmark Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar Johann Georg I... Some members of the Bohemian aristocracy rebelled following the 1617 election of Ferdinand (Duke of Styria and a Catholic) as King of Bohemia to succeed the aging Emperor Matthias. In 1617, Roman Catholic officials ordered the cessation of construction of some Protestant chapels on land that the Catholic clergy claimed ownership of. Protestants contended the land in question was royal, rather than owned by the Catholic Church, and was thus available for their own use. Protestants interpreted the cessation order as a violation of the right to freedom of religious expression granted in the Letter of Majesty issued by Emperor Rudolf II in 1609. They also feared that the fiercely Catholic Ferdinand would revoke the Protestant rights altogether once he came to the throne. Aristocrat redirects here. ... Emperor Ferdinand II Ferdinand II (July 9, 1578 – February 15, 1637), of the House of Habsburg, reigned as Holy Roman Emperor from 1620-1637. ... Coat of arms of the Dukes of Styria, crowned with the ducal hat, today state coat The Duchy of Styria (German: Herzogtum Steiermark, Slovenian Å tajerska) was a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806, and a crownland of Austria-Hungary until its dissolution in 1918. ... Holy Roman Emperor Matthias Matthias (February 24, 1557 - March 20, 1619) of the House of Habsburg reigned as Holy Roman Emperor from 1612-1619, as King of Hungary from 1608-1619 (as Matthias II), and as King of Bohemia from 1611-1617. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II Rudolf II Habsburg was an emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, king of Bohemia, and king of Hungary. ... At Prague Castle on May 23, 1618, an assembly of Protestants, led by Count Thurn, tried two Imperial governors, Vilem Slavata of Chlum (1572–1652) and Jaroslav Borzita of Martinice (1582–1649), for violating the Letter of Majesty (Right of Freedom of Religion), found them guilty, and threw them, together with their scribe Philip Fabricius, out of the high windows of the Bohemian Chancellery. They landed on a large pile of manure in a dry moat and survived. Philip Fabricius was later ennobled by the emperor and granted the title "von Hohenfall" (lit. translating to "of Highfall"). Entrance to the Prague Castle at night The Prague Castle (Czech: Pražský hrad) is the castle in Prague where the Czech kings, Holy Roman Emperors and presidents of Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic have had their offices. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For a bill proposed in USA in 1998, see Bill 1618. ... Vilem Slavata of Chlum (1572 – 1652), writer of an important History about the Thirty Years War. ... Jaroslav BoÅ™ita z Martinic (IPA: ; Jaroslav Borsita von Martinic/Martinitz in German) was a Czech nobleman and a representative of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor who was involved, along with Wilhelm Grav Slavata, in the 1618 Defenestration of Prague (also known as The Second Defenestration of Prague). ... Animal manure is often a mixture of animals feces and bedding straw, as in this example from a stable. ... Roman Catholic Imperial officials claimed that the three men survived due to the mercy of angels assisting the righteousness of the Catholic cause. Protestant pamphleteers asserted that their survival had more to do with the horse excrement in which they landed than the benevolent acts of the angels. Polish soldiers reading a German leaflet during the Warsaw Uprising A pamphlet is an unbound booklet (that is, without a hard cover or binding). ... [edit] Further “defenestrations” More events of defenestration have occurred in Prague during its history, but they are not usually called defenestrations of Prague. A defenestration (chronologically the second defenestration of Prague) happened on September 24, 1483, when a violent overthrow of the municipal governments of the Old and New Towns ended with throwing the Old-Town portreeve and the bodies of seven killed aldermen out of the windows of the respective townhalls. is the 267th day of the year (268th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events The São Tomé settlement is founded. ... This article refers to the political appointment portreeve; for the town in Canada see Portreeve, Saskatchewan. ... An alderman is a member of a municipal assembly or council in many jurisdictions. ... Sometimes, the name the third defenestration of Prague is used, although it has no standard meaning. For example, it has been used [4] to describe the death of Jan Masaryk, who was found under the bathroom window of the building of the Czechoslovak Ministry of Foreign Affairs on March 10, 1948, almost certainly murdered by Communists, though the official Communist line claimed this to be a suicide. The Czech novelist Bohumil Hrabal died from a fall from a window, apparently after trying to feed birds. Jan Masaryk (September 14, 1886 – March 10, 1948) was a Czechoslovak diplomat and politician. ... Motto Czech: Pravda vítÄ›zí (Truth prevails; 1918-1989) Latin: Veritas Vincit (Truth prevails; 1989-1992) Anthem Kde domov můj and Nad Tatrou sa blýska Capital Prague Language(s) Czech, Slovak Government Republic President  - 1918-1935 Tomáš G. Masaryk  - 1935-1938, 1945-1948 Edvard BeneÅ¡  - 1948-1953... is the 69th day of the year (70th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about communism as a form of society, as an ideology advocating that form of society, and as a popular movement. ... Bohumil Hrabal (March 28, 1914, Brno - February 3, 1997, Prague) was a famous Czech writer. ... [edit] Notes ^ Catholic Encyclopedia ^ Catholic Encyclopedia ^ Catholic Encyclopedia ^ Johnston, Ian. "Some Introductory Historical Observations" (lecture transcript) a. ^  The room in which this occurred still exists and you can visit it in the Hradcany Castle. The windows on one side shown in the illustration, are set high and the fall is at least one story. On the opposite wall, there are also windows and since the castle is on a hill, the fall from these windows is much shorter - about 5m into a courtyard. Although this contemporary illustration and another one of a panorama, shows the ambassadors being thrown out of the steep drop. This is a good example of even contemporary illustrations being economical with the truth, presumably to gain political advantage. Although, another reading may simply be the fact that a woodcut print is laterally reversed when printed, so unless it was initially drawn in reverse on the wood-block by the artist, it would read reversed when printed on paper. Admittedly though, most artists would have reversed the drawing when tracing it onto the wood-block, so other information within the image would have to be read to determine correct point of view. Four horsemen of the Apocalypse by Albrecht Dürer Ukiyo-e woodcut, Ishiyama Moon by Tsukioka Yoshitoshi (1889) Woodcut is a relief printing artistic technique in printmaking in which an image is carved into the surface of a block of wood, with the printing parts remaining level with the surface... [edit] References An English translation of part of Slavata's report of the incident is printed in Henry Frederick Schwarz, The Imperial Privy Council in the Seventeenth Century (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1943, issued as volume LIII of Harvard Historical Studies), pp. 344–347. The Harvard University Press is a publishing house, a division of Harvard University, that is highly respected in academic publishing. ... [edit] External links Descendants of those defenestrated include Ferdinand II of Portugal, Sophie Chotek, and Johann Josef I, Prince of Liechtenstein. Czech Tradition of Defenestration Categories: Czech history | History of Prague | Hussite Wars | Thirty Years' War | Deaths by defenestration | 1419 | 1618 Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (October 29, 1816 - December 15, 1885) was king consort to Maria II of Portugal from their marriage in 1836 to her death in 1853. ... Countess Sophie With family. ... Johann Josef I (1760 - 1836) was a prince of Liechtenstein between 1805 and 1806 and again from 1814 until 1836. ...

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	Prague (355 words) Prague (Praha in Czech) is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Founded in the latter part of the 9th century, Prague soon became the seat of the kings of Bohemia, some of whom later reigned also as emperors of the Holy Roman Empire. Prague suffered serious flooding in August 2002, with parts of the city having to be evacuated. Defenestrations of Prague (675 words) The First Defenestration of Prague involved the killing of seven members of the city council by a crowd of radical Czech Hussites on July 30, 1419. The Second Defenestration of Prague was an event central to the initiation of the Thirty Years' War in 1618. A defenestration (chronologically the second defenestration of Prague) happened on September 24, 1483, when a violent overthrow of the municipal governments of the Old and New Towns ended with throwing the Old-Town portreeve and the bodies of seven killed aldermen out of the windows of the respective townhalls.
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