A deflocculant is a thinning agent used to reduce viscosity or prevent flocculation; incorrectly called a "dispersant." Most deflocculants are low-molecular weight anionicpolymers that neutralize positive charges on clay edges. Examples include polyphosphates, lignosulfonates, quebracho and various water-soluble synthetic polymers. The pitch drop experiment at the University of Queensland. ... Flocculation refers to a process where a solute comes out of solution in the form of floc or flakes. The term is also used to refer to the process by which fine particulates are caused to clump together into floc. ... In chemistry, an anionic species is one that contains a full negative charge. ... A polymer is a long, repeating chain of atoms, formed through the linkage of many molecules called monomers. ... Polyphosphates are phosphate polymers linked between hydroxyl groups and hydrogen atoms. ... Lignosulfonates, or sulfonated lignin, are water-soluble anionic polyelectrolyte polymers, byproducts of the Kraft process and sulfite process for production of wood pulp. ... Quebracho is one of the common names, in Spanish, of at least three similar species of trees that grow in the Gran Chaco region of South America: Schinopsis lorentzii (quebracho colorado santiagueño), of the family Anacardiaceae; Schinopsis balansae (quebracho colorado chaqueño), of the same family; Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco...
The deflocculent oxides counterbalance the effect of the flocculent alkaline earths to the extent they are respectively leached from the frit upon dispersal in a ceramic slip and maintain the slip at a workable viscosity.
Deflocculent oxides include any metal oxide that may be made a component of the glass frit and which counteracts as described the flocculating action of the alkaline earths.
After leaching from the glass, the deflocculent oxides are usually present in the slip as silicates such as sodium silicate, potassium silicate, and lithium silicate.
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