|
De-icing is the process of removing ice from a surface. Deicing can be accomplished by mechanical methods (scraping), through the application of heat, by use of chemicals designed to lower the freezing point of water (various salts or alcohols), or a combination of these different techniques. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x672, 163 KB) An American Airlines aircraft being deiced at Syracuse Hancock International Airport. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x672, 163 KB) An American Airlines aircraft being deiced at Syracuse Hancock International Airport. ...
American Airlines (AA) is the largest airline in the world in terms of total passengers-miles transported[1] and fleet size [2], and the second-largest airline in the world (behind Air France-KLM) in terms of total operating revenues[3]. A wholly owned subsidiary of the AMR Corporation, the...
The Douglas DC-9 is a twin-engined jet airliner, first manufactured in 1965 and, in much modified form and under a succession of different names, still in production today as the Boeing 717. ...
Syracuse Hancock International Airport (IATA: SYR, ICAO: KSYR) is a public airport located 4 miles (6 km) northeast of Syracuse, in Onondaga County, New York, off of Interstate 81 near Mattydale, New York. ...
Process (lat. ...
Snowflakes by Wilson Bentley, 1902 Ice is the name given to any one of the 14 known solid phases of water. ...
An open surface with X-, Y-, and Z-contours shown. ...
Aircraft
- See also: ice protection system
When there are freezing conditions and precipitation, it is critical that an aircraft be de-iced. Failure to do so means the surface of the aircraft's wings will be too rough to provide for the smooth flow of air and thereby greatly degrading the ability of the wing to generate lift, possibly resulting in a crash. If large pieces of ice separate once the aircraft is in motion, they can be ingested into turbine engines or impact moving propellers and cause catastrophic failure. Thick ice can also lock up the control surfaces and prevent them from moving properly. Because of this potentially severe consequence, de-icing is performed at airports where temperatures are likely to dip below the freezing point. Ice protection systems are designed to keep atmospheric ice from accumulating on aircraft flight surfaces while in flight. ...
In physics and chemistry, freezing is the process whereby a liquid turns to a solid. ...
The lift force, lifting force or simply lift is a mechanical force generated by a solid object moving through a fluid. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ...
Freezing Point (Chinese: 冰點, bing1 dian3) is a news journal in the Peoples Republic of China which has been the subject of controversy over its criticism of Communist Party officials and the sympathetic ear it lent to a Chinese historian who had criticized official history textbooks. ...
Deicing techniques are also employed to ensure that engine inlets and various sensors on the outside of the aircraft are clear of contamination caused by ice or snow.
De-icing on the ground is usually done by spraying aircraft with a deicing fluid such as monopropylene glycol, similar to the toxic ethylene glycol antifreeze used in some automobile engine coolants. Ethylene glycol is still in use for aircraft deicing in some parts of the world, but Monopropylene glycol is more common due to the fact that it is classified as non-toxic, unlike ethylene glycol. Nevertheless, it still must be used with a containment system to capture all of the used liquid, so that it cannot seep into the ground and streams. Even if it is classified as non-toxic, it still has negative effects in nature, as it uses oxygen as it breaks down, causing other life to suffocate. (In one case, a significant snow in Atlanta in early January 2002 caused an overflow of such a system, briefly contaminating the Flint River downstream of the Atlanta airport.) Many airports successfully recycle used deicing fluid, separating out water and solid contaminants in order to be able to reuse the fluid. Ground deicing of aircraft is commonly performed in both commercial and general aviation. ...
Propylene glycol, known also by the systematic name propane-1,2-diol, is an organic compound (a diol alcohol), usually a tasteless, odorless, and colorless clear oily liquid that is hygroscopic and miscible with water, acetone, and chloroform. ...
Ethylene glycol (monoethylene glycol (MEG), IUPAC name: ethane-1,2-diol) is an alcohol with two -OH groups (a diol), a chemical compound widely used as an automotive antifreeze. ...
Karl Benzs Velo model (1894) - entered into the first automobile race An automobile or motor car (usually shortened to just car) is a wheeled passenger vehicle that carries its own motor. ...
Ethylene glycol (monoethylene glycol (MEG), IUPAC name: ethane-1,2-diol) is an alcohol with two -OH groups (a diol), a chemical compound widely used as an automotive antifreeze. ...
Containment refers to the foreign policy strategy of the United States in the early years of the Cold War in which it was to stop what it called the domino effect of nations moving politically towards Soviet Union-based communism, rather than European-American-based capitalism. ...
STREAMS is the Unix System V networking architecture. ...
Snow is a type of precipitation in the form of crystalline water ice, consisting of a multitude of snowflakes that fall from clouds. ...
This article is about the state capital of Georgia. ...
2002 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December A timeline of events in the news for January, 2002. ...
Look up Overflow in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
The Lachine Canal, in Montreal, is badly polluted Pollution is the release of harmful environmental contaminants, or the substances so released. ...
The Flint River is an approximately 150 mi (240 km) long river, in the U.S. state of Georgia. ...
The term downstream has several possible meanings: In geography, downstream means literally away from the source of a stream or river, along the normal direction of water flow. ...
FAA diagram of Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (ATL) Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (IATA: ATL, ICAO: KATL, FAA LID: ATL), locally known as Atlanta Airport, Hartsfield Airport, Hartsfield-Jackson, or simply Hartsfield, is located seven miles (11 km) south of the central business district of Atlanta, Georgia, United States. ...
Though there are several different formulations of deicing fluid, they fall into two basic categories: Heated glycol diluted with water for deicing and snow/frost removal, also referred to as "Newtonian fluids", and unheated, undiluted glycol that has been thickened (imagine half-set gelatin), also referred to as "Non-Newtonian fluids", that is applied as an agent to retard the future development of ice or to prevent falling snow or sleet from accumulating. In some cases both types of fluid are applied, first the heated glycol/water mixture to remove contaminants, followed by the unheated thickened fluid to keep ice from reforming before the aircraft takes off. This is referred to as "a two-step procedure".
Inflight ice buildups are most frequent on the leading edges of the wings, tail and engines (including the propellors or fan blades). Lower speed aircraft frequently use pneumatic boots on the leading edges of wings and tail to affect de-icing in flight. The rubber coverings are periodically inflated, causing ice to crack and flake off in the slipstream. Once the system is activated by the pilot, the inflation/deflation cycle is automatically controlled. In the past, it was thought such systems can be defeated if they are inflated too soon; that the pilot must allow a fairly thick layer of ice to form before inflating the boots. More recent research shows “bridging” does not occur with any modern boots (ref: http://www.aopa.org/asf/publications/sa11.pdf). A deicing boot is a device installed on aircraft surfaces to permit a mechanical deicing in flight. ...
Some aircraft may also use electrically heated resistive elements embedded in a rubber sheet cemented to the leading edges of wings and tail surfaces, propeller leading edges, and helicopter rotor blade leading edges. Such systems usually operate continuously. When ice is detected, they first function as de-icing systems, then as anti-icing systems for the duration of flight in icing conditions. Some aircraft use chemical de-icing systems which pump antifreeze such as alcohol or propylene glycol through small holes in the wing surfaces and at the roots of propeller blades, causing the ice to melt and making the surface inhospitable to further ice formation. A fourth system, developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration detects ice on the surface by sensing a change in resonant frequency. Once an electronic control module has determined that ice has formed, a large current spike is pumped into the transducers to generate a sharp mechanical shock, cracking the ice layer and causing it to be peeled off by the slipstream. Resistor symbols (non-European) Resistor symbols (Europe, IEC) Axial-lead resistors on tape. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
A helicopter is an aircraft which is lifted and propelled by one or more horizontal rotors, each rotor consisting of two or more rotor blades. ...
NASA Logo Listen to this article · (info) This audio file was created from the revision dated 2005-09-01, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. ...
Many modern civil fixed-wing transport aircraft use anti-ice systems on the leading edge of wings, engine inlets and air data probes using warm air. This is bled off the powerplants and is ducted into a cavity just under the surface to be anti-iced. The warm air heats the surface up to a few degrees above zero, preventing ice from forming on that surface. The system may operate completely autonomously, switching itself on and off as the aircraft enters and leaves icing conditions.
Roads De-icing of roads has traditionally been done with salt, spread by snowplows or other dump trucks designed to spread it, along with sand and gravel, on slick roads. Sodium chloride (rock salt) is normally used, as it is inexpensive and readily available in large quantities. However, since salt water still freezes at -18°C or 0°F (the basis for Fahrenheit's thermometer scale), it is of no help when the temperature falls below this point. It also has a strong tendency to cause corrosion, rusting the steel used in most vehicles and the rebar used in concrete bridges. More recent snowmelters use other salts, such as calcium chloride and magnesium chloride, which not only depress the freezing point of water to a much lower temperature, but also produce an exothermic reaction. They are somewhat safer for concrete sidewalks, but excess should still be removed. Mountain road with hairpin turns in the French Alps For other uses, see Road (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Salt (disambiguation). ...
A small sidewalk clearing plow in Ottawa, Canada A snowplow (or snow plow, US Engish; in UK English, snowplough or snow plough) is a vehicle, or a device intended for mounting on a vehicle, for removing snow and sometimes ice from outdoor surfaces, typically those serving transportation purposes. ...
A dump truck or production truck is a truck used for transporting loose material (such as sand, gravel, or dirt) for construction. ...
Patterns in the sand Sand is a granular material made up of fine rock particles. ...
Gravel being unloaded from a barge Gravel is rock that is of a certain grain size range. ...
Jordanian and Israeli salt evaporation ponds at the south end of the Dead Sea Sodium chloride, also known as common salt, table salt, or halite, is a chemical compound with the formula NaCl. ...
In economics, business, and accounting, a cost is the value of inputs that have been used up to produce something, and hence are not available for use anymore. ...
Brine is water saturated or nearly saturated with salt. ...
Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after the German-Dutch physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736), who proposed it in 1724. ...
It has been suggested that List of temperature sensors be merged into this article or section. ...
See corrosive for the hazard. ...
A blacksmith removing rust with sand prior to welding Rust damage in automobiles can create hidden dangers. ...
The steel cable of a colliery winding tower. ...
A tied rebar beam cage. ...
Calcium chloride is a chemical compound of calcium and chlorine. ...
Magnesium chloride is composed of magnesium and chlorine and is a typical ionic halide, being highly polar and soluble in water. ...
In chemistry, an exothermic reaction is one that releases heat . ...
Concrete being poured, raked and vibrated into place in residential construction in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
More recently, organic compounds have been developed that reduce the environmental issues connected with salts and have longer residual effects when spread on roadways, usually in conjunction with salt brines or solids. These compounds are generated as byproducts of agricultural operations such as sugar beet refining or the distillation process that produces ethanol.[1] Two sugar beets - the one on the left has been cultivated to be smoother than the traditional beet, so that it traps less soil. ...
Laboratory distillation set-up using, without a fractionating column 1: Heat source 2: Still pot 3: Still head 4: Thermometer/Boiling point temperature 5: Condenser 6: Cooling water in 7: Cooling water out 8: Distillate/receiving flask 9: Vacuum/gas inlet 10: Still receiver 11: Heat control 12: Stirrer speed...
Grain alcohol redirects here. ...
Since the 1990s, use of liquid chemical melters has been increasing, being sprayed on roads by nozzles instead of a spinning spreader. Liquid melters are more effective at preventing the ice from bonding to the surface than melting through existing ice. For the band, see 1990s (band). ...
Spray can refer to: A slang adjective used to describe something positively. ...
In Nagano, Japan, relatively inexpensive hot water bubbles up through holes in the pavement to melt snow, though this solution is only practical within a city or town. Some individual buildings may melt snow and ice with electric heating elements buried in the pavement, or even on a roof to prevent ice dams under the shingles, or to keep massive chunks of snow and dangerous icicles from collapsing on anyone below. Small areas of pavement can be kept ice-free by circulating heated liquids in embedded piping systems. Categories: Host cities of the Winter Olympic Games | Cities in Nagano Prefecture | Japan geography stubs ...
Look up city, City in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Ronda, Spain Main street in Bastrop, Texas, a small town A town is a community of people ranging from a few hundred to several thousands, although it may be applied loosely even to huge metropolitan areas. ...
For delivered electrical power, see Electrical power industry. ...
A heating element converts electricity into heat through the process of Joule heating. ...
The roofs of Olomouc, Czech Republic. ...
Look up shingle in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Icicle on a tree An icicle is a spike of ice formed when water dripping or falling from another object freezes. ...
See also Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Deicing |
Feeds |
Contact