| Deinotherium |
Head and jaw of Deinotherium giganteum | | Scientific classification | | | | Species | | Deinotherium bozasi Arambourg, 1934
Deinotherium giganteus Kaup, 1829
Deinotherium indicum Falconer, 1845 Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (600x819, 124 KB) Сл. 1. ...
Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms (as opposed to folk taxonomy). ...
Phyla Subregnum Parazoa Porifera (sponges) Subregnum Agnotozoa Placozoa (trichoplax) Orthonectida (orthonectids) Rhombozoa (dicyemids) Subregnum Eumetazoa Radiata (unranked) (radial symmetry) Ctenophora (comb jellies) Cnidaria (coral, jellyfish, anemones) Bilateria (unranked) (bilateral symmetry) Acoelomorpha (basal) Orthonectida (parasitic to flatworms, echinoderms, etc. ...
Typical Classes Subphylum Urochordata - Tunicatas Ascidiacea Thaliacea Larvacea Subphylum Cephalochordata - Lancelets Subphylum Myxini - Hagfishes Subphylum Vertebrata - Vertebrates Petromyzontida - Lampreys Placodermi (extinct) Chondrichthyes - Cartilaginous fishes Acanthodii (extinct) Actinopterygii - Ray-finned fishes Actinistia - Coelacanths Dipnoi - Lungfishes Amphibia - Amphibians Reptilia - Reptiles Aves - Birds Mammalia - Mammals Chordates (phylum Chordata) include the vertebrates, together with...
Orders Subclass Multituberculata (extinct) Plagiaulacida Cimolodonta Subclass Palaeoryctoides (extinct) Subclass Triconodonta (extinct) Subclass Eutheria (excludes extinct ancestors) Afrosoricida Anagaloidea (extinct) Artiodactyla Carnivora Cetacea Chiroptera Cimolesta (extinct) Creodonta (extinct) Condylarthra (extinct) Dermoptera Desmostylia (extinct) Dinocerata (extinct) Embrithopoda (extinct) Hyracoidea Insectivora Lagomorpha Litopterna (extinct) Macroscelidea Mesonychia (extinct) Notoungulata (extinct) Perissodactyla Pholidota Plesiadapiformes...
Groups Jozaria(extinct) Anthracobunidae(extinct) Moeritheriidae(extinct) Euproboscidea Numidotheriidae (extinct) Barytheriidae (extinct) Deinotheriidae (extinct) Elephantiformes Phiomiidae (extinct) Palaeomastodontidae (extinct) Hemimastodontidae (extinct) Euelephantoidea Choerolophodontidae (extinct) Amebelodontidae (extinct) Gnathabelodontidae (extinct) Gomphotheriidae (extinct) Elephantidae Mammutidae (extinct) For the plant genus Proboscidea see, Unicorn plant Proboscidea is an order containing only one family of...
Genera Subfamily Chilgatheriinae: Chilgatherium Subfamily Deinotheriinae: Prodeinotherium Deinotherium Deinotheriidae (terrible beasts) are a family of prehistoric elephant-like proboscideans that lived during the Tertiary period, appearing in Africa, and then speading across southern Asia (Indo-Pakistan), and Europe. ...
Johann Jakob Kaup (April 10, 1803 - July 4, 1873) was a German naturalist. ...
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 1829 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...
Johann Jakob Kaup (April 10, 1803 - July 4, 1873) was a German naturalist. ...
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 1829 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...
Hugh Falconer (February 29, 1808 - January 31, 1865) was a Scottish palaeontologist and botanist, and the younger brother of the notable merchant Alexander Falconer. ...
1845 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
| Deinotherium ("terrible beast") was a huge prehistoric proto-elephant that appeared in the Middle Miocene and continued until the Early Pleistocene. During that time it changed very little. In life it probably resembled modern elephants, except that its trunk was probably not as long, and it had downward curving tusks attached to the lower jaw. Genera and Species Elephantidae (the elephants) is a family of pachyderm, and the only remaining family in the order Proboscidea. ...
The Miocene epoch is a period of time that extends from about 23 to 5. ...
The Pleistocene epoch (pronounced like ply-stow-seen) is part of the geologic timescale. ...
Genera and Species Elephantidae (the elephants) is a family of pachyderm, and the only remaining family in the order Proboscidea. ...
Deinotherium was the second largest land mammal; only Indricotherium was larger. A large male stood about 3 to 4.5 meters tall at the shoulders. Its range covered parts of Asia, Africa, and Europe. Adrienne Mayor, in The First Fossil Hunters: Paleontology In Greek and Roman Times, has suggested that Deinothere fossils found in Greece helped generate myths of archaic giant beings. A tooth of a deinothere found on the island of Crete, in shallow marine sediments of the Miocene (see link) raises questions: was Crete connected to the mainland during that time, or did Deinotheres share the often underrated swimming abilities of modern elephants? Binomial name Baluchitherium grangeri Baluchitherium (also called Indricotherium; full name: Baluchitherium grangeri) was a gigantic hornless rhinoceros. ...
Adrienne Mayor is a classical folklorist whose main interests have been pre-Darwinian interpretations of paleontological remains (in The First Fossil Hunters) and the use of biochemical weapons in the ancient world (in Greek Fire, Poison Arrows & Scorpion Bombs). ...
The Miocene epoch is a period of time that extends from about 23 to 5. ...
Evolutionary Relationships Deinotherium is the type genus of the family Deinotheriidae, evolving from the smaller, early Miocene Prodeinotherium. These proboscideans represent a totally distinct line of evolutionary descent to that of other elephants, one that probably diverged very early in the history of the group as a whole. The large group to which elephants belong formerly contained several other related groups: besides the deinotheres there were the gomphotheres (some of which had shovel-like lower front teeth), and the mastodonts. Only elephants survive today. Genera Subfamily Chilgatheriinae: Chilgatherium Subfamily Deinotheriinae: Prodeinotherium Deinotherium Deinotheriidae (terrible beasts) are a family of prehistoric elephant-like proboscideans that lived during the Tertiary period, appearing in Africa, and then speading across southern Asia (Indo-Pakistan), and Europe. ...
Species (Sahni& Tripathi, 1957) (Falconer, 1868) (von Meyer, 1831) Ehik, 1930 (Andrews, 1911) Harris, 1973 Prodeinotherium (pro - before terrible beast) is an early representative of the family Deinotheriidae, that lived in Africa, Europe, and Asia in the early and middle Miocene. ...
Genera and Species Elephantidae (the elephants) is a family of pachyderm, and the only remaining family in the order Proboscidea. ...
The Gomphotheres are a diverse group of extinct elephant-like animals (proboscideans) that were widespread in North America during the Miocene and Pliocene epochs, 12-1. ...
Mastodon is also a Heavy Metal Band. ...
Paleoecology The way Deinotherium used its curious tusks has been much debated. It may have rooted in soil for underground plant parts like roots and tubers, pulled down branches to snap them and reach leaves, or stripped soft bark from tree trunks. Deinotherium fossils have been uncovered at several of the African sites where remains of prehistoric hominid relatives of modern human beings have also been found. Genera The hominids are the members of the biological family Hominidae (the great apes), which includes humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans. ...
Human beings are defined variously in biological, spiritual, and cultural terms, or in combinations thereof. ...
Characteristics The following description, from Sanders 2003, is for D. giganteus but in general applies to the other two species as well Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1736x2075, 1655 KB) Summary Photographer: User:Ballista Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1736x2075, 1655 KB) Summary Photographer: User:Ballista Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ...
The Oxford University Museum of Natural History, sometimes known simply as the Oxford University Museum, is a museum displaying many of the University of Oxfords natural history specimens. ...
Permanent tooth formula 0-0-2-3/1-0-2-3 (deciduous 0-0-3/1-0-3), with vertical cheek tooth replacement. Two sets of bilophodont and trilophodont teeth. Molars and rear premolars tapiroid, vertical shearing teeth; other premolars used for crushing. The cranium is short, low, and flattened on the top (in contrast to more advanced elephants, which have a higher and more domed forehead; the implication may be that deinotheres were less intelligent than other elephants), with very large, elevated occipital condyles. The nasal opening is retracted and large, indicating a large trunk. The rostrum is long and the rostral fossa broad. Mandibular symphyses (the lower jaw-bone) is very long and curved downward, which, with the backward curved tusks, is a distinguishing feature of the group. Deciduous means temporary or tending to fall off (deriving from the Latin word decidere, to fall off). ...
Cranium can mean: The brain and surrounding skull, a part of the body. ...
Rostrum can mean one of several different things: A rostrum (Latin beak) is an anatomical structure resembling a birds beak, such as the snout of crocodiles or dolphins or the part of the carapace of a crustacean. ...
Deinotherium is distinguished from its predecessor Prodeinotherium by its much greater size, greater crown dimensions, and reduced development of posterior cingula ornamentation in the second and third molar. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
The cingulum is a collection of white matter fibers projecting from the cingulate gyrus to the entorhinal cortex in the brain. ...
Molar 47 (left), molar 46 and premolar 45(right) Molars are the rearmost and most complicated kind of tooth in most mammals. ...
Deinotherium and cryptozoology The cryptozoologist Bernard Heuvelmans suggested in his book "On the Track of Unknown Animals" that Deinotherium still survives in Central Africa and was a source of the strange killings of hippos reported from Africa in the early 20th century. Bernard Heuvelmans (October 10, 1916 – August 22, 2001) was a scientist, explorer, researcher, and a writer probably best known as a founder of cryptozoology. ...
Africa is the worlds second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia. ...
(19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the...
Species Three species are recognised, all of great size. Image File history File links Deinotherium_-_Dinoterio. ...
Image File history File links Deinotherium_-_Dinoterio. ...
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Deinotherium giganteus Kaup 1929 Deinotherium giganteus is the type species, and is described above. It is primarily a late Miocene species, most common in Europe, and is the only species known from the circum-Mediterranean. Its last reported occurrence is from the middle Pliocene of Romania. Type specimens When a new species is discovered, more important than creating a new and unique name for the species is developing a reasonably detailed description. ...
The Pliocene epoch (spelled Pleiocene in some older texts) is the period in the geologic timescale that extends from 5. ...
An entire skull, found in the Lower Pliocene beds of Eppelsheim, Hesse-Darmstadt in 1836, measured 4 ft (1.2 meters) in length and 3 ft (90 cm) in breadth, indicating an animal exceeding modern elephants in size. The Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt came into existence in 1568, as the portion of George, youngest of the four sons of Landgrave Philipp of Hesse. ...
Charles Darwin 1836 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...
Deinotherium indicum Falconer 1945 Deinotherium indicum is the Asian species, known from India and Pakistan. It is distinguished by a more robust dentry and p4-m3 intravalley tubercles. D. indicum appears in the middle Miocene, and is most common in the late Miocene. It disappears from the fossil record about 7 million years ago (late Miocene).
Deinotherium bozasi Arambourg 1934 Deinotherium bozasi is the African species. It is characterised by a narrower rostral trough and smaller but higher nasal aperture, and a higher and narrower cranium, and shorter mandibular symphysis, than the other two species. D. bozasi appears at the beginning of the late Miocene, and continues there after the other two species have died out elsewhere. The youngest fossils are from the Kanjera Formation, Kenya, about a million years old (early Pleistocene) This article is about nares, the scientific term for a birds or a frogs([[for Mr. ...
The Pleistocene epoch (pronounced like ply-stow-seen) is part of the geologic timescale. ...
References - Carroll, R.L. (1988), Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, WH Freeman & Co.
- Colbert, E. H. (1969), Evolution of the Vertebrates, John Wiley & Sons Inc (2nd ed.)
- Harris, J.M. (1976) Evolution of feeding mechanisms in the family Deinotheriidae (Mammalia: Proboscidea). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 56: 331-362
- Bernard Heuvelmans (1958), On the Track of Unknown Animals.
- Sanders, W.J., 2003, chap 10, Proboscidea, in Mikael Fortelius (ed) Geology and paleontology of the Miocene Sinap Formation, Turkey, Columbia University Press, New York
- Athanassios Athanassiou, On a Deinotherium (Proboscidea) finding in the Neogene of Crete: abstract
- "Dinotherium", 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
Robert L. Carroll (b. ...
Edwin H. Colbert (1905 – 2001) was a distinguished vertebrate paleontologist and prolific researcher and author. ...
Bernard Heuvelmans (October 10, 1916 – August 22, 2001) was a scientist, explorer, researcher, and a writer probably best known as a founder of cryptozoology. ...
William J. Sanders is a vertebrate paleontologist and Research Scientist/Preparator at the University of Michigan. ...
Mikael Fortelius (born 1st February 1954 in Helsinki, Finland) is Professor of Evolutionary Palaeontology at the University of Helsinki. ...
Supporters contend that the Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1910-1911) represents the sum of human knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century; indeed, it was advertised as such. ...
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