Embryonic diapause is a reproductive strategy used by close to 100 different mammals in seven different orders. In embryonic diapause, the embryo (blastocyst) does not immediately implant in the uterus, but is maintained in a state of dormancy. No development takes place as long as the embryo remains unattached to the uterine lining. As a result, the normal gestation period is extended, sometimes up to a year. ^{[1] [2]} While much of the molecular regulation involved in activating dormant blastocysts has been characterized, little is still known about entry into diapause, and the conditions which enable a blastocyst to remain dormant. Orders Subclass Monotremata Monotremata Subclass Marsupialia Didelphimorphia Paucituberculata Microbiotheria Dasyuromorphia Peramelemorphia Notoryctemorphia Diprotodontia Subclass Placentalia Xenarthra Dermoptera Desmostylia Scandentia Primates Rodentia Lagomorpha Insectivora Chiroptera Pholidota Carnivora Perissodactyla Artiodactyla Cetacea Afrosoricida Macroscelidea Tubulidentata Hyracoidea Proboscidea Sirenia The mammals are the class of vertebrate animals primarily characterized by the presence of mammary... Scientific classification or biological classification refers to how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Embryos (and one tadpole) of the wrinkled frog (Rana rugosa). ... Embryogenesis is the process of cell division and cellular differentiation which leads to the development of an embryo. ... The uterus or womb is the major female reproductive organ of most mammals, including humans. ... Dormancy is a arrested plant growth. ... Gestation is the carrying of an embryo or fetus inside a female viviparous animal. ...

Some mammals that under go embryonic diapause include rodents, mustelids (e.g. badger), and marsupials, (e.g. kangaroo). Some groups only have one species that under go embryonic diapause, such as the roe deer in the order Artiodactyla. ^[3] Families Many, see text The order Rodentia is the most numerous of all the branches on the mammal family tree. ... Subfamilies Lutrinae Melinae Mellivorinae Taxidiinae Mustelinae Mustelidae is a family of carnivorous mammals. ... Genera  Arctonyx  Melogale  Meles  Mellivora  Taxidea For other uses, see Badger (disambiguation). ... Orders Superorder Ameridelphia Didelphimorphia Paucituberculata Superorder Australidelphia Microbiotheria Dasyuromorphia Peramelemorphia Notoryctemorphia Diprotodontia Marsupials are mammals in which the female typically has a pouch (called the marsupium, from which the name Marsupial derives) in which it rears its young through early infancy. ... Species Macropus rufus Macropus giganteus Macropus fuliginosus A kangaroo is any of several large macropods (the marsupial family that also includes the wallabies, tree-kangaroos, wallaroos, pademelons and the Quokka: 65 species in all). ... Binomial name Capreolus capreolus, Capreolus pygargus (Linnaeus, 1758) There are two species of Roe Deer. ... Scientific classification or biological classification refers to how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Families Suidae Hippopotamidae Tayassuidae Camelidae Tragulidae Moschidae Cervidae Giraffidae Antilocapridae Bovidae The even-toed ungulates form the mammal order Artiodactyla. ...

Purpose

Mammals use embryonic diapause to time the birth of their offspring for favorable metabolic and/or environmental conditions. Reproduction has a large energy cost and it is to a female's benefit to have ideal conditions (e.g. available food, mild weather, not before previous offspring have been weaned) to ensure the survival of her offspring before giving birth. [4] [5] Birth is the process in animals by which an offspring is expelled from the body of its mother. ... In biology, offspring are the product of reproduction, a new organism produced by one or more parents. ... Santorio Santorio (1561-1636) in his steelyard balance, from Ars de statica medecina, first published 1614 Metabolism (from μεταβολισμος(metavallo), the Greek word for change), in the most general sense, is the ingestion and breakdown of complex compounds, coupled with the liberation of energy, and the consequent generation of waste... For other uses, see Reproduction (disambiguation) Reproduction is the biological process by which new individual organisms are produced. ... The mirror of the Roman Goddess Venus is often used to represent the female sex. ... In biology, offspring are the product of reproduction, a new organism produced by one or more parents. ...

Types

Two types of embryonic diapause have been identified.

Facultative diapause

Facultative diapause is a mechanism that is associated with metabolic stress, normally lactation. If a female copulates while still lactating for her original offspring, the sucking stimulus will cause the embryos to enter in to diapause. This is known to occur in some rodents, insectivores and marsupials. ^[6] Facultative diapause can also be referred to as facultative arrest. Lactation describes the secretion of milk from the mammary glands, the process of providing that milk to the young, and the period of time that a mother lactates to feed her young. ... A pair of lions having sexual intercourse in the Maasai Mara, Kenya. ... In biology, offspring are the product of reproduction, a new organism produced by one or more parents. ... Families Many, see text The order Rodentia is the most numerous of all the branches on the mammal family tree. ... Any organism with a diet that consists chiefly of insects and similar small creatures is an insectivore. ... Orders Superorder Ameridelphia Didelphimorphia Paucituberculata Superorder Australidelphia Microbiotheria Dasyuromorphia Peramelemorphia Notoryctemorphia Diprotodontia Marsupials are mammals in which the female typically has a pouch (called the marsupium, from which the name Marsupial derives) in which it rears its young through early infancy. ...

Obligate diapause

Obligate diapause is a mechanism that allows mammals to time the birth of their offspring for favorable environmental conditions. This mechanism occurs as a regular part of the reproductive cycle in many of the pinnipeds, mustelids, ursids, armadillos, one fruit bat and the roe deer. ^{[7] [8]} Obligate diapause can also be referred to as obligate arrest. subfamilies Otariidae Phocidae Odobenidae Pinnipeds are large marine mammals belonging to the Pinnipedia, a family (sometimes a suborder or superfamily, depending on the classification scheme) of the order Carnivora. ... Subfamilies Lutrinae Melinae Mellivorinae Taxidiinae Mustelinae Mustelidae is a family of carnivorous mammals. ... For other meanings, see Bear (disambiguation). ... Genera Chlamyphorus Cabassous Chaetophractus Dasypus Euphractus Priodontes Tolypeutes Zaedyus Armadillos are any of several small mammals of the family Dasypodidae, mostly known for having a bony armor shell. ... Large flying fox (Pteropus vampyrus) Megabats constitute the suborder Megachiroptera within the order Chiroptera (bats). ... Binomial name Capreolus capreolus, Capreolus pygargus (Linnaeus, 1758) There are two species of Roe Deer. ...

Remarks

Embryonic diapause can also be referred to as delayed implantation.

Diapause is a term used to refer to the temporary halt in development at an early life history stage in mammals, insects and plants. Orders Subclass Monotremata Monotremata Subclass Marsupialia Didelphimorphia Paucituberculata Microbiotheria Dasyuromorphia Peramelemorphia Notoryctemorphia Diprotodontia Subclass Placentalia Xenarthra Dermoptera Desmostylia Scandentia Primates Rodentia Lagomorpha Insectivora Chiroptera Pholidota Carnivora Perissodactyla Artiodactyla Cetacea Afrosoricida Macroscelidea Tubulidentata Hyracoidea Proboscidea Sirenia The mammals are the class of vertebrate animals primarily characterized by the presence of mammary... Orders Subclass Apterygota Symphypleona - globular springtails Subclass Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) Subclass Dicondylia Monura - extinct Thysanura (common bristletails) Subclass Pterygota Diaphanopteroidea - extinct Palaeodictyoptera - extinct Megasecoptera - extinct Archodonata - extinct Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) Infraclass Neoptera Blattodea (cockroaches) Mantodea (mantids) Isoptera (termites) Zoraptera Grylloblattodea Dermaptera (earwigs) Plecoptera (stoneflies) Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets... u fuck in ua ...

References

• ↑  J.C. Daniel, Jr. (1970). "Dormant embryos of mammals". BioScience 20: 411-415.

• ↑ Flavia L Lopes, Joëlle A Desmarais and Bruce D Murphy (2004). "Embryonic diapause and its regulation". Reproduction 128: 669-678.

• ↑  J.A. Desmarais, V. Bordignon, F.L. Lopes, L.C. Smith and B.D. Murph (2004). "The escape of the mink embryo from obligate diapause". Biology of Reproduction 70: 662-670.

• ↑  Renfree MB, Shaw B. (2000). "Diapause". Annual Review of Physiology 62: 353-375.

• Animal Diversity Web Class Mammalia

• Implantation University of Wyoming