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Delftware, or Delft pottery, denotes blue and white pottery made in and around Delft in the Netherlands and the tin-glazed pottery made in the Netherlands from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries. Image File history File links 204px-Delft,_delftsblauw_paneel_aan_de_Voldersgracht. ...
Image File history File links 204px-Delft,_delftsblauw_paneel_aan_de_Voldersgracht. ...
Coordinates: Country Netherlands Province South Holland Area (2006) - Municipality 24. ...
Tin-glazing is the process of giving ceramic items a tin-based glaze which is white, shiny and opaque. ...
Delftware in the latter sense is a type of pottery in which a white glaze is applied, usually decorated with metal oxides. Delftware includes pottery objects of all descriptions such as plates, ornaments and tiles. Ironically, Delftware has lost most of its appeal in the Netherlands itself due to mass production for the tourist market.[citation needed]
The earliest tin-glaze pottery in the Netherlands was made in Antwerp by Guido da Savino in 1512. The manufacture of painted pottery may have spread from the south to the northern Netherlands sometime during the 1560s. It was made in Middleburg and Haarlem in the 1570s and in Amsterdam in the 1580s.[1] Much of the finer work was produced in Delft, but simple everyday tin-glazed pottery was made in places such as Gouda, Rotterdam, Amsterdam and Dordrecht.[2]
The main period of tin-glaze pottery in the Netherlands was 1640-1730. From about 1640 Delft potters began using personal monograms and distinctive factory marks. The Guild of St Luke, to which painters in all media had to belong, admitted ten master potters in the thirty years between 1610 and 1640 and twenty in the nine years 1651 to 1660. In 1654 a gunpowder explosion in Delft destroyed many breweries and as the brewing industry was in decline they became available to pottery makers looking for larger premises; some retained the old brwery names, making them famous throughout northern Europe, e.g. The Double Tankard, The Young Moors' Head and The Three Bells.[3] Jan Gossaert, , c. ...
The use of marl clay (earthenware high in lime) allowed the Dutch potters to refine their technique and to make finer items. The usual clay body of Delftware was a blend of three natural clays, one local, one from Tournai and one from the Rhineland.[4] Marls are calcium carbonate or lime rich muds or mudstones which contain variable amounts of clays and calcite or aragonite. ...
Tournai (in Dutch: Doornik in Latin: Tornacum) is a municipality located 85 kilometres southwest of Brussels, on the river Scheldt (in French: Escaut, in Dutch: Schelde), in the Belgian province of Hainaut. ...
The Rhineland (Rheinland in German) is the general name for the land on both sides of the river Rhine in the west of Germany. ...
From about 1615, the potters began to coat their pots completely in white tin glaze instead of covering only the painting surface and coating the rest with clear glaze. They then began to cover the tin-glaze with clear glaze, which gave depth to the fired surface and smoothness to cobalt blues, ultimately creating a good resemblance to porcelain.[5] Events June 2 - First Récollet missionaries arrive at Quebec City, from Rouen, France. ...
During the Dutch Golden Age, the Dutch East India Company had a lively trade with the East and imported millions of pieces of Chinese porcelain in the early 1600s.[6] The Chinese workmanship and attention to detail impressed many. Only the rich could afford the early imports. Although Dutch potters did not immediately imitate Chinese porcelain, they began to do after the death of the Emperor Wan-Li in 1619, when the supply to Europe was interrupted.[7] Delftware inspired by Chinese originals persisted from about 1630 to the mid-eighteenth century alongside European patterns. Rembrandt The Nightwatch (1642) The Golden Age (1584-1702) was a period in Dutch history, roughly spanning the 17th century, in which Dutch trade, science, and art were among the most acclaimed in the world. ...
This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ...
Chinese export porcelain refers to a wide range of porcelain that was made and decorated in China exclusively for export to Europe between the 16th and the 20th century. ...
Many inventions and institutions are created, including Hans Lippershey with the telescope (1608, used by Galileo the next year), the newspaper Avisa Relation oder Zeitung in Augsburg, and Cornelius Drebbel with the thermostat (1609). ...
Wan Li (Traditional Chinese: è¬é‡Œ; Simplified Chinese: 万里) (born 1916, died 1996) was the Chairman of the National Peoples Congress before his retirement in 1993, and was generally considered to be a moderate. ...
By about 1700 several factories were using enamel colours and gilding over tin-glaze, requiring a third kiln firing at a lower temperature.
Delftware ranged from simple household items - plain white earthenware with little or no decoration - to fancy artwork. Most of the Delft factories made sets of jars, the kast-stel set. Pictorial plates were made in abundance, illustrated with religious motifs, native Dutch scenes with windmills and fishing boats, hunting scenes, landscapes and seascapes. Sets of plates were made with the words and music of songs; dessert was served on them and when the plates were clear the company started singing.[8] The Delft potters also made tiles in vast numbers (estimated at eight hundred million[9])over a period of two hundred years; many Dutch houses still have tiles that were fixed in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Pitstone Windmill, believed to be the oldest windmill in the British Isles A windmill is an engine powered by the energy of wind. ...
Fishing is the activity of hunting for fish by hooking, trapping, or gathering. ...
A boat is a watercraft designed to float on, and provide transport over, water. ...
Delftware became popular and was widely exported in Europe and even reached China and Japan. Chinese and Japanese potters made porcelain versions of Delftware for export to Europe.
 "Delftblue Daybreak" tailfin from a British Airways Boeing 767 Some regard Delftware from about 1750 onwards as artistically inferior. Caiger-Smith says that most of the later wares "were painted with clever, ephemeral decoration. Little trace of feeling or originality remained to be lamented when at the end of the eighteenth century the Delftware potteries began to go out of business."[10] By this time Delftware potters had lost their market to British porcelain and the new white earthenware. One or two remain: the Tichelaar factory in Makkum, Friesland, founded in 1594 and De Koninklijke Porceleyne Fles ("The Royal Porcelain Bottle") founded in 1653. Image File history File links Delftware_tailfin. ...
Image File history File links Delftware_tailfin. ...
Events February 27 - Henry IV is crowned King of France at Rheims. ...
The Koninklijke Porceleyne Fles is the only remaining factory of the 32 earthenware factories that were established in Delft during the 17th century. ...
Events February 2 - New Amsterdam (later renamed New York City) is incorporated. ...
Today, Delfts Blauw (Delft Blue) is the brand name hand painted on the bottom of ceramic pieces identifying them as authentic and collectible. Although most Delft Blue borrows from the tin-glaze tradition, it is nearly all decorated in underglaze blue on a white clay body and very little uses tin glaze, a more expensive product. Delft Blue pottery formed the basis of one of British Airways' ethnic tailfins. The design, Delftblue Daybreak, was applied to 17 aircrafts.
References
- ^ Caiger-Smith, Alan, Tin-Glaze Pottery in Europe and the Islamic World: The Tradition of 1000 Years in Maiolica, Faience and Delftware (Faber and Faber, 1973) ISBN 0-571-09349-3, p.127
- ^ Caiger-Smith, p.131
- ^ Caiger-Smith pp.130-131
- ^ Caiger-Smith, p.130
- ^ Caiger-Smith, p.129
- ^ Volker, T. Porcelain and the Dutch East India Company, 1602-1683, Leiden, 1955) p.22.
- ^ Caiger-Smith, p.129
- ^ Caiger-Smith, p.136.
- ^ Caiger-Smith, p.137 n.21
- ^ Caiger-Smith, p.140
See also A boerenbont plate. ...
Coordinates: Country Netherlands Province South Holland Area (2006) - Municipality 24. ...
Rembrandt The Nightwatch (1642) The Golden Age (1584-1702) was a period in Dutch history, roughly spanning the 17th century, in which Dutch trade, science, and art were among the most acclaimed in the world. ...
English Delftware was made in London from about the 1640s and the shapes of these jars are very distinctive with clear lettering and cartoon-like painted panels of angels heads and flying cherubs. ...
Faience or faïence is the conventional name in English for fine tin-glazed earthenware on a delicate pale buff body. ...
A vase in the Chryso pattern, circa 1925, manufactured by Kunstaardewerkfabriek Regina of Gouda, Holland. ...
Majolica is earthenware with a white tin glaze, decorated by applying colorants on the raw glazed surface. ...
Tin-glazing is the process of giving ceramic items a tin-based glaze which is white, shiny and opaque. ...
Pitstone Windmill, believed to be the oldest windmill in the British Isles A windmill is an engine powered by the energy of wind. ...
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