Դեմոկրատական Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Democratic Republic of Armenia ←   ← 1918 – 1920 → Flag Coat of arms Motto None Anthem Mer Hayrenik ("Our Fatherland") Map of the Democratic Republic of Armenia from March 1919 to March 1920. Consult the legend for further information. Capital Yerevan Language(s) Armenian Religion Armenian Apostolic Christianity Government Republic Prime Minister Simon Vratsian Chairman of the Parliament Avetis Aharonyan Historical era Interwar period  - Independence 28 May, 1918  - Soviet invasion 29 November, 1920 Population  - 1918 est. c. 3,000,000 +  Currency Armenian ruble

The Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA; Armenian: Դեմոկրատական Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն, Demokratakan Hayastani Hanrapetutyun; also known as the First Republic of Armenia), 1918–1920, was the first modern establishment of an Armenian republic. The collapse of the Russian Tsarist empire with the Russian Revolution of 1917 gave chance to the Armenian Revolutionary Federation to create the new republic which the leadership and the 103 of delegates from former Romanov realm (total 203) belonged to the party.^[1]. When it was established borders were with the Democratic Republic of Georgia in the north, the Ottoman Empire to the west, the Persian Empire to the south, and Azerbaijan Democratic Republic to the east. The Kingdom of Cilician Armenia, 1199-1375. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Flag Russian Transcaucasia immediately prior to the formation of the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Transcaucasian_Federation. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Transcaucasian_SFSR.svg‎ Flag of the Transcaucasian SFSR File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Soviet Union Republics of the Soviet Union Estonian SSR Byelorussian SSR Kazakh SSR Turkmen SSR Karelo-Finnish SSR... The Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic was a short-lived (1922-1936) Soviet republic, consisting of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan, which were traditionally known as the Transcaucasian Republics in the Soviet Union. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_Armenia. ... Image File history File links Coat_of_Arms_of_the_DRA.png‎ Coat of Arms of the Democratic Republic of Armenia. ... The national flag of Armenia, the Armenian Tricolour, consists of three horizontal bands of equal width, red on the top, blue in the middle, and orange on the bottom. ... The Coat of Arms of Armenia The coat of arms of Armenia consists of an eagle and a lion supporting a shield. ... A motto (from Italian) is a phrase or a short list of words meant formally to describe the general motivation or intention of an entity, social group, or organization. ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that is evoking and eulogising the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognised either by a countrys government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people. ... Mer Hayrenik (Our Fatherland) is the national anthem of Armenia. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 646 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (950 × 881 pixel, file size: 574 KB, MIME type: image/png) The Democratic Republic of Armenia from March 1919 to March 1920. ... Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist, the capital was moved, or the capital city was renamed. ... Location of Yerevan in Armenia Coordinates: Country Armenia Established 782 BC Government  - Mayor Yervand Zakharyan Area  - City 227 km²  (87. ... Official standard of Karekin II Catholicos of Armenia The Armenian Apostolic Church (Armenian: Õ€Õ¡Õµ Ô±Õ¼Õ¡Ö„Õ¥Õ¬Õ¡Õ¯Õ¡Õ¶ Եկեղեցի, Hay Arakelagan Yegeghetzi), sometimes called the Armenian Orthodox Church or the Gregorian Church, is the worlds oldest national church[1] [2] and one of the most ancient Christian communities [3]. // Baptism of Tiridates III. The earliest... Look up republic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Prime Minister of Armenia is the most senior minister within the Armenian government, and is required by the constitution to oversee the Governments regular activities [and] coordinate the work of the Ministers. ... Order: 4th Prime Minister of Armenia Term: 25 November 1920 - 2 December 1920 Predecessor: Hamo Ohanjanyan Successor: Soviet control Simon Vratsian (1882 - 1969) was an Armenian political figure. ... Avedis Aharonian Avetis Aharonian (Armenian: ) (1866 - March 20, 1948) was an Armenian politician, writer, public figure and revolutionary, also part of the Armenian national movement. ... Europe between 1929 and 1938. ... May 28 is the 148th day of the year (149th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 333rd day of the year (334th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The ruble was the separate currency of Armenia between 1919 and 1922. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... Look up republic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposal of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Foundation: 1890 Founders: Christapor Mikaelian, Stepan Zorian, Simon Zavarian Head: Hrant Markarian Ideology: Socialism,[1] Nationalism,[2] United Armenia International alignment: Socialist International[1] Colours: Red Seats: Armenia – 16 seats out of 131 Nagorno-Karabakh – 3 seats out of 33 Lebanon – 2 seats out of 128 Website: Partys Official... Anthem: Dideba Zetsit Kurtheuls (Praise Be To The Heavenly Bestower of Blessings) Map of the Democratic Republic of Georgia from November 1918 to May 1920. ... For other uses, see Ottoman (disambiguation). ... The Persian Empire was a series of historical empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the old Persian homeland, and beyond in Western Asia, Central Asia and the Caucasus. ... Motto: None Anthem: AzÉ™rbaycan Respublikasının DövlÉ™t Himni March of Azerbaijan Map of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic from 1919 to 1920. ...

In 1918, the new republic faced off against the Ottoman Empire during the Caucasus Campaign, which concluded with the Treaty of Batum. This treaty was the first international agreement of the republic and signed at the same day of international declaration. With the defeat of the Ottoman Empire at the end of World War I, the United States and Woodrow Wilson proposed at the Paris Peace Conference to expand the DRA's borders to include historic Armenian regions, known as Wilsonian Armenia. This was ratified by the Treaty of Sèvres. However this treaty was never put into effect and the fate of the territories was determined by the Treaty of Alexandropol, then the Treaty of Kars and finally the Treaty of Lausanne. Combatants Ottoman Empire Russian Empire Democratic Republic of Armenia Central Caspian Dictatorship Democratic Republic of Georgia Commanders Enver Pasha Vehip Pasha Kerim Pasha Mustafa Kemal Kazım Karabekir Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein Illarion Vorontsov-Dashkov Nikolai Yudenich Andranik Ozanian Drastamat Kanayan Garegin Njdeh Movses Silikyan Lionel Dunsterville Strength •3rd... Treaty of Batum, June 4, 1918, a treaty between Democratic Republic of Armenia and Ottoman Empire. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856–February 3, 1924), was the twenty-eighth President of the United States. ... Map of the World with the Participants in World War I. The Allies are depicted in green, the Central Powers in orange, and neutral countries in grey. ... Foundation: May 1915 - Dec 1917 Head: Aram Manougian Armenian provisional government, First Armenian Republic or sometimes refered as Free Vaspurakan was set up in the city of Van and its provinces during the WWI [1] which had a setback during Battle of Van and reasteblished in June 1916 as Administration... The Treaty of Sèvres is a peace treaty that the Allies of World War I and the Ottoman Empire signed on 10 August 1920 after World War I. Representatives from the governments of the parties involved signed the treaty in Sèvres, France. ... The Treaty of Alexandropol was a peace treaty between the Democratic Republic of Armenia and TBMM ending the Turkish-Armenian War, before decleration of the Republic of Turkey on December 2, 1920. ... Soviet-Turkish border as per treaty The Treaty of Kars (Turkish: Kars AntlaÅŸması, Russian: Карсский договор) was a friendship treaty[1] between TBMM, (which was declared Turkey in 1923), and the Soviet Union by the representatives of Russian SFSR, Azerbaijan SSR, Armenian SSR, Georgian SSR. It was signed in Kars on... Borders as shaped by the treaty The Treaty of Lausanne (July 24, 1923) was a peace treaty that settle a part of the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire that reflected the consequences of the Turkish Independence War between Allies of World War I and Turkish national movement, (Grand National Assembly...

In 1920, the DRA administered an area that covered most of present-day Armenia, and Kars, Iğdır, and Ardahan , while the regions of Nakhchivan, Nagorno-Karabakh, Zangezur (today the Armenian province of Syunik), and Qazakh were disputed and fought over with Azerbaijan. The Oltu region (shortly administered by Georgia in 1920) was also claimed by the DRA. The majority-Armenian area of Lori was disputed with and administered by Georgia. The Armenian Army managed to control the regions except for Karabakh which came under stable but temporary Armenian control, though Azerbaijan continued to assert its claims over the areas. Kars is a province of Turkey, and is located in the northeastern part of the country, next to the border with Armenia. ... shows the Location of the Province IÄŸdır Igdir is a province in eastern Turkey, located along the border with Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran. ... shows the Location of the Province Ardahan Ardahan is a province in the northwestern-most corner of Turkey, along part of the border with Georgia. ... Map of Azerbaijan, showing Naxçıvan to the bottom-left Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (or Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası) is an exclave of Azerbaijan. ... Nagorno-Karabakh (Azerbaijani: Dağlıq Qarabağ or Yuxarı Qarabağ, literally mountainous black garden or upper black garden; Russian: Нагорный Карабах, translit. ... Syunik (also called Siunik or Syunia) is one of the provinces (marz) of Armenia. ... Syunik (also called Siunik or Syunia) is one of the provinces (marz) of Armenia. ... Qazakh (Qazax) is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Oltu is a district of Erzurum Province of Turkey. ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... Lori (Armenian: ) is one of the provinces (marz) of Armenia. ... Light armor in the Armenian army is complemented with several variants which serve in both ground attack and air defense roles. ...

The new state faced fatal internal and external problems. Following the collapse of the independent Armenian state, the Russian SFSR Red Armies invaded and incorporated the DRA into the Transcaucasian SFSR ^[2] In 1922, Joseph Stalin, acting commissar of Nationalities for the Soviet Union ceded Nagorno-Karabakh to Azerbaijan as an autonomous oblast. The areas of Qazakh and the Artsvashen corridor were finally ceded to Azerbaijan in 1931. In compensation, however, Armenia received Lori from Georgia during that same year. With the dissolution of the TSFSR in 1936, Armenia with its present-day borders was proclaimed a Soviet republic. State motto: Russian: Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! Translation: Workers of the world, unite! Capital Moscow Official language Russian Established In the USSR:  - Since  - Until November 7, 1917 November 7, 1917 December 12, 1991 (dissolution) Area  - Total  - Water (%) Ranked 1st in the USSR 17,075,200 km² 13% Population  - Total   - Density Ranked 1st in the... For other organizations known as the Red Army, see Red Army (disambiguation). ... The Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic was a short-lived (1922-1936) Soviet republic, consisting of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan, which were traditionally known as the Transcaucasian Republics in the Soviet Union. ... Josef Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili (Georgian: , Ioseb Besarionis Dze Jughashvili; Russian: , Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili) (December 18 [O.S. December 6] 1878[1] – March 5, 1953), better known by his adopted name, Joseph Stalin (alternatively transliterated Josef Stalin), was General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Unions Central Committee from... Nagorno-Karabakh (Azerbaijani: Dağlıq Qarabağ or Yuxarı Qarabağ, literally mountainous black garden or upper black garden; Russian: Нагорный Карабах, translit. ... An oblast (Russian, Ukrainian: о́бласть) is a name for the subnational entity of Russian Federation, Ukraine, and the former Soviet Union. ... State motto: ÕŠÖ€Õ¸Õ¬Õ¥Õ¿Õ¡Ö€Õ¶Õ¥Ö€ Õ¢Õ¸Õ¬Õ¸Ö€ Õ¥Ö€Õ¯Ö€Õ¶Õ¥Ö€Õ«, միացեք! (Workers of the world, unite!) Official language None. ...

Establishment

Further information: Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire

See also: Sykes-Picot Agreement and London Pact

Visions of liberation flourished with the 1916 Russian offensive and subsequent occupation of the eastern half of Anatolia - or Western Armenia (see:Administration for Western Armenia), including most of the provinces of Van, Bitlis, and Erzurum and coastal regions of the Black Sea Trabzon. Armenian visions of liberation with Russian help from the Ottoman Empire were the main reason Armenians in these provinces were helping the Russian army. As soon as the Imperial army reached its goals, they disbanded the Armenian volunteer regiments that had participated in these offensives. To prevent the regrouping of the Armenians migrated to the deep Russian territories (Caucasus) they were disbanded, to return to their homelands newly freed from the Ottoman Empire. The Armenians in the Caucasus were faced with Russian censorship. Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire is direct consequence of the World War I with the Ottomans involvement in the Middle Eastern theatre. ... Zones of French and British influence and control established by the Sykes-Picot Agreement The Sykes-Picot Agreement of May 16, 1916 was a secret understanding between the governments of Britain and France defining their respective spheres of post-World War I influence and control in the Middle East (then... London Pact (Italian Patto di Londra) was a secret pact between Italy and Triple Entente, signed in London on April 26, 1915 by Italy, Great Britain, France and Russia. ... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... This article is about the historical subregion in Eurasia. ... Flag Capital Van, Turkey Language(s) Armenian Political structure Provisional Governor Aram Manougian Historical era WWI period  - Independence 28 May, 1915  - Ottoman take over 1918 The Armenian provisional government (see Western) with the progressive autonomous region[1] that initially set up around of Lake Van, which later at the end... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Bitlis is a city in Turkey, capital of Bitlis Province. ... Erzurum (Ô¿Õ¡Ö€Õ«Õ¶ (Karin) in Armenian) is a city in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. ... Trabzon, formerly known as Trebizond (Greek: ), is a city on the Black Sea coast of north-eastern Turkey and the capital of Trabzon Province. ... For other uses, see Ottoman (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Caucasus Mountains. ...

Armenians learned the logic of all these activities over them after the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917. (see: mainly London Pact, also Sykes-Picot Agreement) The tsarist regime had secret wartime agreements with the Triple Entente on the partition of the Ottoman Empire. While The tsarist regime was giving consent to the splitting of the Middle East, Western Anatolia, and Cilicia, they wanted to replace the Muslim residents of the Northern Anatolia (the front line in 1916 as a guide) and Istanbul with more reliable Cossack settlers. ^[3] The Armenian Plateau was never intended to be Armenian. These documents were made public by the February/March revolution in 1917 to gain the support of the Armenian public. Armenians hailed the end of the Romanov dynasty. Haik, the legendary ancestor of the Armenians. ... The name Armenia is an exonym, the Armenian language name for the country being Hayk‘ (see Haik for a discussion of that name). ... Haik is the legendary establisher of the first Armenian nation. ... Hayasa-Azzi or Azzi-Hayasa was a confederation formed between the Kingdoms of Hayasa located South of Trabzon and Azzi, located North of the Euphrates and to the South of Hayasa. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... Urartu at its greatest extent 743 BC Urartu (Biainili in Urartian) was an ancient kingdom in the mountainous plateau between Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, and Caucasus mountains, later known as the Armenian Highland, and it centered around Lake Van (present-day eastern Turkey). ... The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (sometimes referred to as Armenia Minor) was a state formed in the Middle Ages by Armenian refugees fleeing the Seljuk invasion of Armenia. ... The Orontid Dynasty was the first Armenian dynasty. ... The Artaxiad Dynasty ruled Armenia from 189 BC until their overthrow by the Romans in AD 12. ... The Arsacid Dynasty (Arshakuni Dynasty) ruled the Kingdom of Armenia from AD 54 to 428. ... The medieval history of Armenia covers the history of Armenia during the Middle Ages. ... Marzpanate period is the time in Armenian history after the fall of the Arshakuni Dynasty of Armenia in 428, when most of Armenia was governed by Marzbans (Governors-general of the boundaries), nominated by the Sassanid Persian King. ... Byzantine Armenia is the name given to the Armenian part of the Byzantine Empire. ... The Arab conquest of Armenia was a part of the Muslim conquests which began after the death of the prophet Muhammad. ... The Bagratuni or Bagratid royal dynasty of Armenia (Armenian: Բագրատունյաց Ô±Ö€Ö„Õ¡ÕµÕ¡Õ¯Õ¡Õ¶ Տոհմ or Bagratunyac Arqayakan Tohm) is a royal family whose branches formerly ruled many regional polities, including Armenian lands of Syunik, Lori, Vaspurakan, Kars, Taron, and Tayk. ... Vaspurakan was a province and then kingdom of Greater Armenia during the Middle Ages. ... Zakarid Armenia Ca. ... The Kingdom of Cilician Armenia, 1199-1375. ... Persian Armenia, AD 387-591 Persian Armenia corresponds to the Armenian territory controlled by Persia throughout history. ... It has been suggested that Ottoman Armenian be merged into this article or section. ... Eastern Armenia or Russian Armenia is the portion of Ottoman Armenia that was ceded to the Russian Empire following the Russo-Turkish War, 1828-1829. ... Contemporary political cartoon portraying Hamid as a butcher of the Armenians During the long reign of Sultan Hamid, unrest and rebellion occurred in many areas of the Ottoman Empire. ... Armenian Genocide photo. ... State motto: ÕŠÖ€Õ¸Õ¬Õ¥Õ¿Õ¡Ö€Õ¶Õ¥Ö€ Õ¢Õ¸Õ¬Õ¸Ö€ Õ¥Ö€Õ¯Ö€Õ¶Õ¥Ö€Õ«, միացեք! (Workers of the world, unite!) Official language None. ... The military history of Armenia encompasses a period of several thousand years, as the Armenian people have existed as a nation since the Early Bronze Age. ... // 883 BC: Foundation of the Kingdom of Urartu with Aramé. 834-828 BC: Reign of Sarduri I who constructs Tushpa (Van). ... London Pact (Italian Patto di Londra) was a secret pact between Italy and Triple Entente, signed in London on April 26, 1915 by Italy, Great Britain, France and Russia. ... Zones of French and British influence and control established by the Sykes-Picot Agreement The Sykes-Picot Agreement of May 16, 1916 was a secret understanding between the governments of Britain and France defining their respective spheres of post-World War I influence and control in the Middle East (then... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ... Anatolia and Europe Anatolia (Turkish: from Greek: Ανατολία - Anatolia) is a peninsula of Western Asia which forms the greater part of the Asian portion of Turkey, as opposed to the European portion (Thrace, or traditionally Rumelia). ... Cilicia as Roman province, 120 AD In Antiquity, Cilicia (Κιλικία) was the name of a region, now known as Çukurova, and often a political unit, on the southeastern coast of Asia Minor (modern Turkey), north of Cyprus. ... Anatolia and Europe Anatolia (Turkish: from Greek: Ανατολία - Anatolia) is a peninsula of Western Asia which forms the greater part of the Asian portion of Turkey, as opposed to the European portion (Thrace, or traditionally Rumelia). ... Istanbul (Turkish: , Greek: , historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see other names) is Turkeys most populous city, and its cultural and financial center. ... Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of Ottoman Empire. ... The Armenian Highland (Armenian Upland) is part of the Transcaucasian Highland and constitutes the continuation of the Caucasus mountains. ... The House of Romanov (Рома́нов, pronounced Ro-MAH-nof), the second and last royal dynasty of Russia, which ruled Muscovy and the Russian Empire for five generations from 1613 to 1762. ...

The DRA celebrates its first independence day on May 28, 1919. Today, that date is still celebrated in Armenia as Republic Day.

After the set of Russian Provisional Government, Armenians learned again that Grand Duke Nicholas with the Special Transcaucasian Committee (особый Закавказский Комитет (ОЗАКОМ), osobyy Zakavkazskiy Komitet (OZAKOM)) committee, Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic, and their promise in helping Armenians to move back to their homeland from Caucasus refugee camps was again to be left on cold. The ones (in thousands) who moved to their hometowns with their own resources found out that Russian soldiers left their posts and return their hometowns. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... May 28 is the 148th day of the year (149th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich. ... Flag Russian Transcaucasia immediately prior to the formation of the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic. ...

This is the first time Armenians recognized that they have to build their own control system. Bolshevik slogan of the time ‘peace without annexations and indemnities’ was turning into ‘land, peace, and bread’. The Armenians under the Russian control devised a national congress at October of 1917. The convention in Tiflis was concluded in September of 1917 with delegates from former Romanov realm (203), which 103 belonged to the Armenian Revolutionary Federation. Foundation: 1890 Founders: Christapor Mikaelian, Stepan Zorian, Simon Zavarian Head: Hrant Markarian Ideology: Socialism,[1] Nationalism,[2] United Armenia International alignment: Socialist International[1] Colours: Red Seats: Armenia – 16 seats out of 131 Nagorno-Karabakh – 3 seats out of 33 Lebanon – 2 seats out of 128 Website: Partys Official...

The Armenian Congress of Eastern Armenians devised policies to control (direct) the war efforts, the relief and repatriation of refuges. The council pass the law to organize the defense of the Caucasus against the Turks using the vast quantity of supplies and ammunition left from the Russian army. The congress specifically devised a local control and administrative structure of the Transcaucasia. Even if the Congress did not devised specific solutions for the soldiers left in Baku, Tiflis and Kars and many militias in eastern Anatolia, they did not resist the ongoing reality of these soldiers serving for the other forces. The Congress also selected a fifteen member permanent executive committee, known as the Armenian National Council. The leader was Avetis Aharonian. This committee’s first task was set the stage and then declare the Democratic Republic of Armenia.VE BİR DE ERMENİ TERÖR ÖRGÜTÜ ASALA BULUNMAKTADIR. Armenian Congress of Eastern Armenians was established at October 1917. ... Armenian National Council is a general term that might refer to Armenian National Council of Karabagh, Armenian National Council of Baku or Armenian National Council of Tiflis which all of them are united under Armenian Congress of Eastern Armenians. ... Avedis Aharonian Avetis Aharonian (Armenian: ) (1866 - March 20, 1948) was an Armenian politician, writer, public figure and revolutionary, also part of the Armenian national movement. ...

First Government

The members of the First Cabinet, during the James Guthrie Harbord's interview for the Harbord report on Middle East

The DRA had four Prime Ministers during its existence, all of whom belonged to the Armenian Revolutionary Federation. Hovhannes Katchaznouni was the first of these. Aram Manougian was the first minister of Interior. The Armenian Police was created in 1918. Independent Armenia established the Ministry of Interior, of which the Police was an integral part. In addition to enforcing law and order, the Interior Ministry was initially also responsible for communications and telegraph, railroad, and the public school system. The Armenian parliament passed a law on the police on April 21, 1920, specifying its structure, jurisdiction, and responsibilities. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... James Guthrie Harbord (March 21, 1866 – August 20, 1947) was a Lieutenant General in the U.S. Army and President and Chairman of the Board of RCA. Harbord was born in Bloomington, Illinois, and raised in Bushong, Kansas and Manhattan, Kansas. ... The Prime Minister of Armenia is the most senior minister within the Armenian government, and is required by the constitution to oversee the Governments regular activities [and] coordinate the work of the Ministers. ... Foundation: 1890 Founders: Christapor Mikaelian, Stepan Zorian, Simon Zavarian Head: Hrant Markarian Ideology: Socialism,[1] Nationalism,[2] United Armenia International alignment: Socialist International[1] Colours: Red Seats: Armenia – 16 seats out of 131 Nagorno-Karabakh – 3 seats out of 33 Lebanon – 2 seats out of 128 Website: Partys Official... Hovhannes Katchaznouni (Armenian: ) (Akhaltsikhe, Georgia 1868 – Yerevan, Armenia 1938) was the first Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Armenia from May 30, 1918 to May 28, 1919. ... Aram Manougian Aram Manougian, (born:1879) or less known as Sarkis Hovanessian. He is also known as Aram of Van. He is an Armenian patriot and revolutionary who is credited as a political, military and spiritual leader of Armenian people. ... The Interior Minister is a member of a Cabinet in a Government. ...

World War I

For more details on this topic, see Armenian Genocide.

During the first year of the new republic, Armenians were flooding from Anatolia to safe havens. Roads were clogged with refugees. Further southeast, in Van, the Armenians resisted the Turkish army until April, 1918, but eventually were forced to evacuate it and withdraw to Persia. When the Azerbaijanis sided with the Turks and seized the communication lines, thus cutting off the Armenian National Councils in Baku and Erevan from the National Council in Tiflis. Armenian Genocide photo. ...

Caucasus Campaign

For more details on this topic, see Caucasus Campaign.

Meanwhile, The government of Ottoman Empire, Ittihad (Unionist), moved to win the friendship of the Bolsheviks. The signing of the Ottoman-Russian friendship treaty (January 1, 1918), helped Vehib Pasha to attack the Armenian Republic. General Tovmas Nazarbekian was the commander on the Caucasus front and Andranik Toros Ozanian took the command of Armenia within the Ottoman Empire. Under heavy pressure from the combined forces of the Ottoman army and the Kurdish irregulars, the Republic was forced to withdraw from Erzincan to Erzurum. Van was abandoned as well in 1918 and hundreds of thousands of Armenians followed the retreating troops. Vehib Pasha also occupied Trabzon, where the Russians had left huge quantities of supplies. The Republicans in the end were evacuated from Erzurum and Sarikamis after resisting at the Battle of Kara Killisse (1918), the Battle of Sardarapat, and Battle of Bash Abaran. These conflicts concluded with the Treaty of Batum. Combatants Ottoman Empire Russian Empire Democratic Republic of Armenia Central Caspian Dictatorship Democratic Republic of Georgia Commanders Enver Pasha Vehip Pasha Kerim Pasha Mustafa Kemal Kazım Karabekir Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein Illarion Vorontsov-Dashkov Nikolai Yudenich Andranik Ozanian Drastamat Kanayan Garegin Njdeh Movses Silikyan Lionel Dunsterville Strength •3rd... For other uses, see Ottoman (disambiguation). ... Tovmas Nazarbekian (Nazarbekov) (1855 - 1928) armenian, general in the Russain Army who was the governor of Free Vaspurakan. ... Combatants Ottoman Empire Russian Empire Democratic Republic of Armenia Central Caspian Dictatorship Democratic Republic of Georgia Commanders Enver Pasha Vehip Pasha Kerim Pasha Mustafa Kemal Kazım Karabekir Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein Illarion Vorontsov-Dashkov Nikolai Yudenich Andranik Ozanian Drastamat Kanayan Garegin Njdeh Movses Silikyan Lionel Dunsterville Strength •3rd... Andranik Toros Ozanian, or Zoravar Andranik, (Armenian: or Ô¶Õ¸Ö€Õ¡Õ¾Õ¡Ö€ Ô±Õ¶Õ¤Ö€Õ¡Õ¶Õ«Õ¯) (February 25, 1865 – August 31, 1927) was an Armenian general and freedom fighter who was a national hero with big admiration. ... For other uses, see Ottoman (disambiguation). ... Erzincan (also Erzingan or Erzinjan, ÔµÖ€Õ¦Õ¶Õ¯Õ¡ (Erznka) in Armenian) is the capital of Erzincan Province in the eastern Anatolian region of Turkey. ... Erzurum (Ô¿Õ¡Ö€Õ«Õ¶ (Karin) in Armenian) is a city in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. ... Trabzon, formerly known as Trebizond (Greek: ), is a city on the Black Sea coast of north-eastern Turkey and the capital of Trabzon Province. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Combatants Ottoman Empire Democratic Republic of Armenia Commanders Vahib Pasha Movses Silikian Strength Third Army 100,000 [2] 40,000 Casualties 30,000 30,000 30,000 Armenian civilian casualties The Battle of Sardarabad was a battle of the Caucasus Campaign of World War I that took place in the... Combatants Ottoman Empire Democratic Republic of Armenia Commanders  ? Drastamat Kanayan Strength Third Army  ? Casualties  ?  ? The Battle of Bash Abaran was a battle of Caucasus Campaign of World War I that took place in the vicinity of Bash Abaran, in 1918. ... Treaty of Batum, June 4, 1918, a treaty between Democratic Republic of Armenia and Ottoman Empire. ...

Georgian-Armenian war

For more details on this topic, see Georgian-Armenian War 1918.

The proposed Armenian state created by the Treaty of Sèvres.

In December 1918, Armenia and Georgia engaged in a brief military conflict over the disputed marshlands in the largely Armenian-populated Lori district which, along with some other neighboring regions, was claimed by both nations but had been taken by Georgia after the Ottomans' evacuation of the area. The fighting continued with varying success for two weeks. Despite initial success, Armenian offensive under Drastamat Kanayan was finally halted and the war ended through the British mediation, establishing a joint Armeno-Georgian civil administration in the "Lori neutral zone" or the "Shulavera Condominium". The factual accuracy of this article is disputed. ... Image File history File links First_republic_of_Armenia-west_boarders_by_Woodrow_Wilson. ... Image File history File links First_republic_of_Armenia-west_boarders_by_Woodrow_Wilson. ... Lori (Armenian: ) is one of the provinces (marz) of Armenia. ... General Drastamat Kanayan (Armenian: , known as General Dro, Դրո, May 31, 1884 – March 8, 1956), was an Armenian politician, revolutionary, general and commander of the Armenian Legion of the Wehrmacht, the armed forces of Nazi Germany. ...

Armenian-Azeri wars

For more details on this topic, see Armenian-Azeri war 1918.

This period started with the declaration of Armenia and Azerbaijan as separate states, just after the Russian Revolution of 1917. Here, one can distinguish a series of brutal and hard to classify wars ( 1918, then again, 1920 to 1922). Combatants Democratic Republic of Armenia Azerbaijan Democratic Republic Commanders Andranik Samedbey Mehmandarov With the declarion of Armenia and Azerbaijan after the Russian Revolution of 1917 ended with a series of brutal and hard to classify wars between 1918, than 1920 to 1922. ...

Treaty of Sèvres

For more details on Wilsonian Armenia, see Treaty of Sèvres.

The Treaty was signed between the Allied and Associated Powers and Ottoman Empire at Sèvres, France on August 10, 1920. The treaty had a clause on Armenia. It made all parties signing the treaty to recognize Armenia as a free and independent State. The borders drawn for the Republic on the treaty reflected the efforts given by Armenians upon the defeat of the Ottoman Empire on the Caucasus Campaign. This treaty was signed by the Ottoman Government, but Sultan Mehmed VI never signed the treaty; hence the treaty had never come into effect. Turkish Revolutionaries began a Turkish National Movement which, in turn, confronted with the new Republic. Foundation: May 1915 - Dec 1917 Head: Aram Manougian Armenian provisional government, First Armenian Republic or sometimes refered as Free Vaspurakan was set up in the city of Van and its provinces during the WWI [1] which had a setback during Battle of Van and reasteblished in June 1916 as Administration... The Treaty of Sèvres is a peace treaty that the Allies of World War I and the Ottoman Empire signed on 10 August 1920 after World War I. Representatives from the governments of the parties involved signed the treaty in Sèvres, France. ... For other uses, see Ottoman (disambiguation). ... Road to Sèvres, Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot, 1855-1865. ... is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... For other uses, see Ottoman (disambiguation). ... Combatants Ottoman Empire Russian Empire Democratic Republic of Armenia Central Caspian Dictatorship Democratic Republic of Georgia Commanders Enver Pasha Vehip Pasha Kerim Pasha Mustafa Kemal Kazım Karabekir Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein Illarion Vorontsov-Dashkov Nikolai Yudenich Andranik Ozanian Drastamat Kanayan Garegin Njdeh Movses Silikyan Lionel Dunsterville Strength •3rd... Mehmed VI (Arabic: محمد السادس), original name Mehmed Vahdettin or Mehmed Vahideddin, (January 14, 1861 – May 16, 1926) was the 36th and last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, reigning from 1918–1922. ... The people who master mind the Turkish National Movement: Mustafa Kemal Ataturk Ismet Inonu Fevzi Cakmak Kazim Karabekir Ali Fuat Cebesoy ... Turkish National Movement is the political and military activities of Turkish revolutionaries aftermath of the World War I that resulted in decleration of the Republic of Turkey. ...

See Turkish-Armenian War. Combatants Democratic Republic of Armenia Turkish Revolutionaries Commanders Drastamat Kanayan Movses Silikyan Kazım Karabekir Strength 50,000. ...

After World War I

Location of regional Armed forces after Armistice of Mudros

Armenian passport issued in Constantinople to two teenagers entering Canada in 1920

The Ottoman Empire advances against the new Republic ended with the Treaty of Batum. Treaty of Batum did not give any freedom to the government of Hovhannes Katchaznouni. The Ottoman Empire signed the Armistice of Mudros on 30 October 1918. With the Armistice of Mudros, British forces came ashore at Batum and Baku and occupied the Transcaucasian railway. The new state found a solution to the Ottoman Empire problem with the help of British forces after the Armstice. The Ottoman Armies left the Transcaucasia, including Baku, Elizavetpol, Tiflis, Batum and Yerevan. Than later in early 1919 they were pulled back from Kars and Ardahan. This gave a chance to the Armenian Republic to triple its size. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 480 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (717 × 895 pixel, file size: 776 KB, MIME type: image/png) This image is in the public domain in the United States. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 480 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (717 × 895 pixel, file size: 776 KB, MIME type: image/png) This image is in the public domain in the United States. ... The Armistice of Mudros (30 October 1918), which ended the hostilities on Middle Eastern theatre of World War I between Ottoman Empire and Allies, was signed by the Minister of Marine Affairs Rauf Bey) and the British Admiral Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe), on the aboard HMS Agamemnon in Moudros port... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 417 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (952 × 1367 pixel, file size: 235 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Republic of Armenia passport issued in Constantinople to two teenagers entering Canada in 1920. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 417 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (952 × 1367 pixel, file size: 235 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Republic of Armenia passport issued in Constantinople to two teenagers entering Canada in 1920. ... Treaty of Batum, June 4, 1918, a treaty between Democratic Republic of Armenia and Ottoman Empire. ... Hovhannes Katchaznouni (Armenian: ) (Akhaltsikhe, Georgia 1868 – Yerevan, Armenia 1938) was the first Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Armenia from May 30, 1918 to May 28, 1919. ... The Armistice of Mudros (30 October 1918), which ended the hostilities on Middle Eastern theatre of World War I between Ottoman Empire and Allies, was signed by the Minister of Marine Affairs Rauf Bey) and the British Admiral Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe), on the aboard HMS Agamemnon in Moudros port... is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... The Armistice of Mudros (30 October 1918), which ended the hostilities on Middle Eastern theatre of World War I between Ottoman Empire and Allies, was signed by the Minister of Marine Affairs Rauf Bey) and the British Admiral Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe), on the aboard HMS Agamemnon in Moudros port... For other uses, see Ottoman (disambiguation). ... Coordinates: , Country Azerbaijan Government  - Mayor Hajibala Abutalybov Area  - City 260 km²  (100. ... Ganja (Gəncə or Ҝәнҹә) is an ancient town now in the Republic of Azerbaijan. ... View of Tiflis from the Grounds of Saint David Church, ca. ... A view of Batumi, circa, 1911, towards the mountains Batumi (also Batum or Batoum) is a seaside city (population: approximately 137,000) on the Black Sea coast and capital of Ajaria, an autonomous republic in southwest Georgia. ... Location of Yerevan in Armenia Coordinates: Country Armenia Established 782 BC Government  - Mayor Yervand Zakharyan Area  - City 227 km²  (87. ... Kars (Armenian: Ô¿Õ¡Ö€Õ½) is a city in northeast Turkey and the capital of the Kars Province, formerly at the head of a sanjak in the Turkish vilayet of Erzurum. ... Ardahan ( Ardı han in old Turkish, Ô±Ö€Õ¤Õ¡Õ°Õ¡Õ¶ in Armenian) is the capital of Ardahan Province in north-eastern Turkey. ...

With the involvement of British forces the Bolsheviks clashed with Armenian Revolutionary Federation. On July 26, 1918, Bolsheviks were clearly outvoted in the Baku Soviet and were forced out of power. A new government, known as Central Caspian Dictatorship (Diktatura Tsentrokaspiya) was formed with the Armenian representation, and British forces under General Thompson occupied Baku the same day. The Baku Commissar Stepan Shahumyan was executed by British troops in September 1918. While the problem at Baku was developing, South West Caucasian Republic was a new state headed by Fakhr al-Din Pirioghlu and centered in Kars. Its territory was to include the regions of Kars and Batum, parts of the Erivan district in the province of the same name, and the Akhaltsikhe and Akhalkalaki districts of the Tiflis province. It existed alongside with the British general governorship created during the Entente's intervention in Transcaucasia. ^[4] It was abolished by British High Commissioner Admiral Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe and the region was assigned to ADR. Foundation: 1890 Founders: Christapor Mikaelian, Stepan Zorian, Simon Zavarian Head: Hrant Markarian Ideology: Socialism,[1] Nationalism,[2] United Armenia International alignment: Socialist International[1] Colours: Red Seats: Armenia – 16 seats out of 131 Nagorno-Karabakh – 3 seats out of 33 Lebanon – 2 seats out of 128 Website: Partys Official... is the 207th day of the year (208th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Flag Capital Baku Government Dictatorship Historical era World War I  - Established August 1, 1918  - Battle of Baku August 26-September 14  - Fall of Baku September 15, 1918  - Armistice of Mudros November 30, 1918 The Centrocaspian Dictatorship (Russian: , Diktatura Tsentrokaspiya) was a British-backed anti-Soviet government founded in Baku on... The 26 Baku Commissars were Bolshevik and Left SR members of the Baku Soviet Commune that was established in Baku after the October Revolution. ... Stepan Shaumyan Stepan Georgevich Shaumyan (or Stepan Shahumyan; 1878—20 September 1918) was an Armenian communist politician and revolutionary. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Flag Capital Kars Language(s) Turkish Government Republic President CihangiroÄŸlu Ä°brahim Bey Historical era Interwar period  - Partition 1 December, 1918  - British Occupation 19 April, 1919 Currency KuruÅŸ, Lira The Democratic Republic of South West Caucasus (December 1, 1918 – April 19, 1919) (Turkish: Cenubî Garbi Kafkas Cumhuriyeti) or the Kars... Kars (Armenian: Ô¿Õ¡Ö€Õ½) is a city in northeast Turkey and the capital of the Kars Province, formerly at the head of a sanjak in the Turkish vilayet of Erzurum. ... A view of Batumi, circa, 1911, towards the mountains Batumi (also Batum or Batoum) is a seaside city (population: approximately 137,000) on the Black Sea coast and capital of Ajaria, an autonomous republic in southwest Georgia. ... Yerevan (Armenian: Երեվան or Երևան; sometimes written as Erevan; former names include Erivan and Erebuni) (population: 1,201,539 (1989 census); 1,088,300 (2004 estimate)[1]) is the largest city and capital of Armenia. ... Akhaltsikhe (old name - Lomsia and Ahıska) is a small city in southwestern Georgia, Mkhare (Province) of Samtskhe-Javakheti. ... Akhalkalaki (Georgian for New City) is a small Armenian (and old) city in the Georgias southern region of Javakheti. ... View of Tiflis from the Grounds of Saint David Church, ca. ... Entente, meaning a diplomatic understanding, may refer to a number of agreements: The Entente Cordiale, 1904 between France and the United Kingdom. ... Transcaucasia is the name given to a region south of the Caucasus Mountains that covers Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. ... Admiral of the Fleet the Honourable Sir Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe (1865–1937) was a British Royal Navy admiral. ...

Establishment of Order

During the 1919, the leaders of the Republic had to deal with issues on three fronts: domestic, regional, and international. The Armenian Congress of Eastern Armenians that took control in 1918 fell apart and in June 1919, the first national elections were held. The establishment of law was a problem: Armenians had the most organized structure in their homeland; however, it was undeniable that several other ethnic groups had been settled for many centuries in these lands (Kurds and Azeri’s were the major ones). Armenian Congress of Eastern Armenians was established at October 1917. ... Kurds are one of the Iranian peoples and speak Kurdish, a north-Western Iranian language related to Persian. ... The Azeri, also referred to as Azerbaijanian Turks, are a Turkic-Muslim people. ...

During 1920's, which began under the premiership of Hovannes Kachaznuni, Armenians from the former Russian Empire and United States developed the judicial system. January 1919 was an important milestone as the first University was founded. The subject of this article was previously also known as Russia. ...

Refugee problem

There was also an Armenian settlement problem that brought conflict with other ethnic residents. In all, there were 300,000 embittered and impatient refugees escaping from the Ottoman Empire which were now the government's responsibility; this proved an insurmountable humanitarian issue for it. For other uses, see Ottoman (disambiguation). ...

The second winter after the declaration of the state, winter of the government of Hovhannes Kachaznuni had come face to face with a most sobering reality. The newly formed government was responsible for over half a million Armenian refugees in the Caucasus. The 393,700 refugees were under their jurisdiction as follows: Hovhannes Katchaznouni (Armenian: ) (Akhaltsikhe, Georgia 1868 – Yerevan, Armenia 1938) was the first Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Armenia from May 30, 1918 to May 28, 1919. ...

It was a long and harsh winter. The homeless masses, lacking food, clothing, and medicine had to endure the elements. Many who survived the exposure and famine, succumbed to the ravaging diseases (note: Spanish Flu Pandemic of 1918). Typhus was also a major sickness, because of its effect on children. The 1918 flu pandemic, commonly referred to as the Spanish flu, was a category 5 influenza pandemic caused by an unusually severe and deadly Influenza A virus strain of subtype H1N1. ...

Conditions in the outlying regions, not necessarily consisting of refugees, weren't any better. The Ottoman governing structure and Russian army had already withdrawn from the region. Armenian government had neither time, nor resources, to rebuild the infrastructure. A report in early 1919 noted that the lives had been claimed of: 65% of the population of Sardarabad, 40% of the population of eight villages near Etchmiadzin, 25% of the population of Ashtarak, and this continues...

By the spring of 1919, the typhus epidemic had run its course, the weather improved and the first American shipment of wheat reached Batum, with the British army transporting the aid to Yerevan. Yet by that time some 150,000 of the refugees had perished. (Vratsian, Hanrapetium put this figure at around 180,000) That was nearly 20% of the entire nascent Republic.

Turkish-Armenian War

For more details on this topic, see Turkish-Armenian War.

At this point, Turkish Revolutionaries claimed that the Turks inside DRA were being mistreated and oppressed by the Armenians. On September 20, 1920, Turkish General Kazım Karabekir moved his forces into Wilsonian Armenia and near the pre-Sèvres Armenian-Turkish frontier. In response, the DRA declared war on Turkey in September 24 and the Turkish-Armenian War began. In the regions of Oltu, Sarikamis, Kars, Alexandropol (Gyumri) Armenian forces clashed with those of Turkish General Kazım Karabekir. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk then sent several delegations to Moscow in search of an alliance. This proved disastrous for the Armenians. Combatants Democratic Republic of Armenia Turkish Revolutionaries Commanders Drastamat Kanayan Movses Silikyan Kazım Karabekir Strength 50,000. ... Combatants Democratic Republic of Armenia Turkish Revolutionaries Commanders Drastamat Kanayan Movses Silikyan Kazım Karabekir Strength 50,000. ... Combatants Turkish revolutionaries Democratic Republic of Armenia Commanders  ?  ? Strength  ?  ? Casualties  ?  ? Categories: | | | | ... Combatants Democratic Republic of Armenia Turkish revolutionaries Commanders Unknown Kazım Karabekir The Battle of Sarıkamış was a conflict between the Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA) and Turkish Revolutionaries of the Turkish National Movement which was on September 29, 1920 at Sarıkamış. // Main article: Turkish-Armenian War By... Combatants Turkish revolutionaries Democratic Republic of Armenia Commanders Kazim Karabekir  ? Strength  ?  ? Casualties  ?  ? Categories: | | | | ... Combatants Turkish revolutionaries Democratic Republic of Armenia Commanders Kazim Karabekir  ? Strength  ?  ? Casualties  ?  ? Categories: | | | | | ... The people who master mind the Turkish National Movement: Mustafa Kemal Ataturk Ismet Inonu Fevzi Cakmak Kazim Karabekir Ali Fuat Cebesoy ... is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... Musa Kazım Karabekir (1882, Ä°stanbul – January 26, 1948, Ankara) Kazim Karabekir Pasha was a Turkish general and politician. ... Foundation: May 1915 - Dec 1917 Head: Aram Manougian Armenian provisional government, First Armenian Republic or sometimes refered as Free Vaspurakan was set up in the city of Van and its provinces during the WWI [1] which had a setback during Battle of Van and reasteblished in June 1916 as Administration... is the 267th day of the year (268th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Combatants Democratic Republic of Armenia Turkish Revolutionaries Commanders Drastamat Kanayan Movses Silikyan Kazım Karabekir Strength 50,000. ... Oltu is a district of Erzurum Province of Turkey. ... Sarıkamış (Armenian: Սարիկմիսհ (Latin transliteration: Sarikamish)) is a district of Kars Province of Turkey. ... Kars (Armenian: Ô¿Õ¡Ö€Õ½) is a city in northeast Turkey and the capital of the Kars Province, formerly at the head of a sanjak in the Turkish vilayet of Erzurum. ... Location of Gyumri in Armenia Coordinates: , Country Marz Established 401 BC Government  - Mayor Vartan Ghukasyan Area  - City 36 km²  (13. ... Musa Kazım Karabekir (1882, Ä°stanbul – January 26, 1948, Ankara) Kazim Karabekir Pasha was a Turkish general and politician. ... Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881 – November 10, 1938) was an army officer, revolutionary statesman, the founder of the Republic of Turkey and its first President. ...

End of the Republic, 1920

See also: Turkish-Armenian War

The Soviet 11th Red Army enters Yerevan in 1920, effectively ending Armenian self-rule.

Armenia gave way to communist power in late 1920. In September 1920, the Turkish revolutionaries moved in on the capital. First an armistice was concluded, on November 18, and then a full peace treaty - Treaty of Alexandropol on 2nd and/or 3rd of December 1920. Combatants Democratic Republic of Armenia Turkish Revolutionaries Commanders Drastamat Kanayan Movses Silikyan Kazım Karabekir Strength 50,000. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1768x1302, 2103 KB) From Soviet Armenian Encylopedia; article: Yerevan. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1768x1302, 2103 KB) From Soviet Armenian Encylopedia; article: Yerevan. ... The 11th Soviet Red Army was a contingent of the then newly created Russian Red Army improvised by the Bolsheviks. ... Location of Yerevan in Armenia Coordinates: Country Armenia Established 782 BC Government  - Mayor Yervand Zakharyan Area  - City 227 km²  (87. ... Communism is an ideology that seeks to establish a classless, stateless social organization based on common ownership of the means of production. ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... The people who master mind the Turkish National Movement: Mustafa Kemal Ataturk Ismet Inonu Fevzi Cakmak Kazim Karabekir Ali Fuat Cebesoy ... The Treaty of Alexandropol was a peace treaty between the Democratic Republic of Armenia and TBMM ending the Turkish-Armenian War, before decleration of the Republic of Turkey on December 2, 1920. ...

During that time, the Soviet 11th Red Army invasion started on the 29th of November 1920. The actual transfer of power took place on December 2 in Yerevan. Armenian leadership approved a ultimatum, presented to it by the Soviet plenipotentiary Boris Legran - who was at work as one of major Russian diplomats on Caucasus at that time. Armenia decided to join the Soviet sphere, while the Soviet Russia agreed to protect its remaining territory from the advancing Turkish army. Soviets also pledged to take steps to rebuild the army, protect the Armenians, not to pursue non-communist Armenians, etc. The 11th Soviet Red Army was a contingent of the then newly created Russian Red Army improvised by the Bolsheviks. ... Boris Vasilievich Legran or Legrand (Russian: Борис Васильевич Легран, 1884-1936) was a Soviet revolutionary and politician who represented the interests of Soviet Russia in Armenia and Transcaucasia, beginning in 1920. ...

When on December 4, 1920, the Red Army entered Yerevan, the government of Armenian Republic effectively stopped working. On December 5, the Armenian Revolutionary Committee (Revkom; made up of mostly Armenians from Azerbaijan) also entered the city. Finally, on the following day, December 6, Felix Dzerzhinsky's dreaded secret police, the Cheka, entered Yerevan, thus effectively ending the existence of the Democratic Republic of Armenia.^[5] Now, what was left of Armenia was under the control of a communist government. The part occupied by Turkey remained for the most part theirs - by the subsequent Treaty of Kars. Soon, the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed, under the leadership of Aleksandr Miasnikyan. It was to be included into the newly created Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic. Soviet-Turkish border as per treaty The Treaty of Kars (Turkish: Kars Antlaşması, Russian: Карсский договор) was a friendship treaty[1] between TBMM, (which was declared Turkey in 1923), and the Soviet Union by the representatives of Russian SFSR, Azerbaijan SSR, Armenian SSR, Georgian SSR. It was signed in Kars on... Coat of arms of the TSFSR The Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic was a short-lived (1922-1936) Soviet republic, consisting of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan, which were traditionally known as the Transcaucasian Republics in the Soviet Union. ...

• • • • ERMENI SOYKIRIM IDDIALARI:*****

TAMAMİYLE BIR PALAVRADAN IBARETTIR,TEK BIR GERCEK VARDIR, TURK MILLETI KENDINI SAVUNMUSTUR, TURK KOYLERİNE SALDIRAN ERMENILERIN IDAMA CARPTIRILARAK OLDURULMUSTUR,İDAM YERLERINDEN EN BUYUKLERINDEN BIRI DİYARBAKIRIN ILCESI CUNGUS YENIKOYDE BIR CUKURDUR DUR,GUNUMUZDE HALEN BULUNMAKTADIR,

Government structure

Prime Ministers

• Hovhannes Katchaznouni
• Alexander Khatisyan
• Hamo Ohanjanyan
• Simon Vratsian

Hovhannes Katchaznouni (Armenian: ) (Akhaltsikhe, Georgia 1868 – Yerevan, Armenia 1938) was the first Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Armenia from May 30, 1918 to May 28, 1919. ... Alexander Khatisyan (Armenian: ; alternatively spelled as Alexsandr Khatisyan) was born in Tiflis, Georgia in 1874 and died in Paris, France in 1945. ... Hamo Ohanjanyan (Armenian: ) was an Armenian politician of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation. ... Order: 4th Prime Minister of Armenia Term: 25 November 1920 - 2 December 1920 Predecessor: Hamo Ohanjanyan Successor: Soviet control Simon Vratsian (1882 - 1969) was an Armenian political figure. ...

Footnotes

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Moscow (Moskva) (Russian: , romanised: Moskva, IPA: see also other names) is the capital of Russia and the countrys economic, financial, educational, and transportation centre. ...

References

• The Struggle for Transcaucasia, 1917-21, by Kazemzadeh, F.
• The Republic of Armenia, Hovannisian, R.G.

Publications

• The Free Republic of Armenia 1918. Armenian National Committee, San Francisco. [1980].

See also

• Armenian militia
• Van Resistance
• Treaty of Sèvres
• Treaty of Kars
• Treaty of Lausanne
• Battle of Sardarapat
• Turkish War of Independence
• Aftermath of World War I
• Democratic Republic of Georgia
• Azerbaijan Democratic Republic

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