Democratic security or Democratic security policy refers to a Colombian security policy implemented during the administration of President Álvaro Uribe (2002-2006). It was unveiled in June 2003. [1] (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3030768.stm) Álvaro Uribe Vélez (born July 4, 1952) is the President of Colombia (since 2002). ... 2002 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... June is the sixth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four with the length of 30 days. ... 2003 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Objectives

It has been stated that this policy seeks to achieve the following objectives, among others:

• Consolidate State control throughout Colombia to deny sanctuary to terrorists and perpetrators of violence.
• Protect the population through the increase of State presence and a reduction in violence.
• Destroy the illegal drug trade in Colombia to eliminate the revenues which finance terrorism and generate corruption and crime
• Transparently and efficiently manage resources as a means to reform and improve the performance of government.

[2] (http://www.presidencia.gov.co/sne/visita_bush/documentos/security.pdf)

Several of theses objectives stem from a belief in that the Colombian government should protect Colombian society from the effects of terrorism and the illegal drug trade, and in turn society as a whole should have a more active and comprehensive role in the government's struggle against illegal armed groups such as the FARC and ELN guerrillas or the paramilitary AUC, in order to ensure the defense and continued existence of the opportunity for both leftwing and rightwing political parties to engage in free and open debate, along with all the other aspects of democratic life. Terrorism is a controversial term with multiple definitions. ... These lollipops, above, were found to contain heroin when inspected by the US Drug Enforcement Administration In jurisdictions where legislation restricts or prohibits the sale of certain popular drugs, it is common for an illegal drugs trade to develop. ... The Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia – Ejército del Pueblo (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – Peoples Army, or FARC-EP) was established in 1964 as the paramilitary wing of the Colombian Communist Party, and is Colombias oldest, largest, most capable, and best-equipped insurgent force. ... Ejército de Liberación Nacional (usually abbreviated to ELN), or National Liberation Army, is a revolutionary, Marxist, insurgent guerrilla group that has been operating in several regions of Colombia since 1966. ... Guerrilla (also called a partisan) is a term borrowed from Spanish (from guerra meaning war) used to describe small combat groups. ... AUC is a Latin abbreviation for calculation of dates. ...

Application

The previously mentioned objectives would be achieved through:

1. engaging the civilian population more actively
2. supporting soldiers
3. increasing intelligence capacity
4. reinstating control over national roads
5. demobilizing illegal groups
6. integrating the armed forces services
7. increasing defense spending.

[3] (http://www.colombiaemb.org/opencms/opencms/defense/) [4] (http://www.mindefensa.gov.co/politica/politica.html)

Results

According to official government statistical information from August 2004, the application of the democratic security policy has achieved the following results: within two years, homicides, kidnappings, and terrorist attacks in Colombia decreased by as much as 50% - their lowest levels in almost twenty years. In 2003, there were 7,000 fewer homicides than in 2002 - a decrease of 27%. By April 2004, the government had established a permanent police or military presence in every Colombian municipality for the first time in decades. [5] (http://www.presidencia.gov.co/Ingles/columns/august/column2.htm) Note: as an adjective (stressed on the second syllable instead of the first), august means honorable. ... 2004 is a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... April is the fourth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four with the length of 30 days. ... 2004 is a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Colombian Embassy in Washington states that, as a result of this policy, the Colombian armed forces would now have: "60% more combat ready soldiers than four years ago; Helicopters which have significantly improved the mobility of Armed Forces throughout the national territory; Attack helicopters ensuring means to be more aggressive in the fight against FARC and AUC; Increased basic combat supplies, including rifles and ammunition; and [has received] significant less human rights complaints against them." [6] (http://www.colombiaemb.org/opencms/opencms/defense/)

Controversy

The democratic security policy has become controversial inside and outside Colombia since the beginning of its application. Most of the critics and detractors of this policy, including human rights NGOs (such as Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International) and political opposition groups (such as the Colombian Liberal Party and the Independent Democratic Pole), share the assessment that it focuses too much on the military aspects of the Colombian Armed Conflict, relegating complex social, human rights and economic concerns to a secondary role, superceded by the perceived need for increased security. Human rights are rights which some hold to be inalienable and belonging to all humans. ... NGO is an abbreviation or code for: Non-governmental organization Nagoya Airport (IATA code) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Human Rights Watch is an international NGO based in New York City, USA, that works with human rights issues. ... Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization, the stated purpose of which is to promote all the human rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international standards. ... Politics of Colombia Categories: Politics stubs | Liberal related stubs | Colombian political parties | Liberal parties ... The Independent Democratic Pole (Polo Democrático Independiente) or (PDI), is a leftwing social democratic Colombian political party. ... Colombian Armed Conflict or Colombian Civil War are terms that are employed to refer to the current low intensity conflict in Colombia that has been in existence since approximately 1964, which was when the FARC was founded and subsequently started its guerrilla insurgency against successive Colombian government administrations. ...

Several critical analysts haved accepted that there have been some factual improvements in the areas of security (for the most part) and human rights (to a lesser degree) [7] (http://www.hchr.org.co/documentoseinformes/informes/altocomisionado/informes.php3?cod=8&cat=11) , but they also question the exact validity and application of some of the statements, pointing out serious problems, in particular (but not only) paramilitary related, which remain a source of grave concern. [8] (http://hrw.org/english/docs/2005/01/13/colomb9847.htm) It is argued that any limited short term results achieved in this manner would not be sufficient to effectively resolve the country's prolonged state of violence, and in fact may actually worsen the situation by alienating or intimidating part of the population, directly or indirectly.

Several of the critics also argue that, due to the increased degree of involvement of the civilian population, that this policy overexposes civilians to the dangers of the conflict, becoming potential targets for any abuses committed both by the illegal armed groups and the government's security forces. From this point of view, the resulting polarization caused by the long term application of the policy would also be considered an obstacle to the achievement of a negotiated solution of the conflict with FARC and ELN guerrillas. [9] (http://www.humanrightswatch.org/doc?t=americas&c=colomb) [10] (http://www.wola.org/Colombia/hr_secmeasures.htm) The Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia – Ejército del Pueblo (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – Peoples Army, or FARC-EP) was established in 1964 as the paramilitary wing of the Colombian Communist Party, and is Colombias oldest, largest, most capable, and best-equipped insurgent force. ... Ejército de Liberación Nacional (usually abbreviated to ELN), or National Liberation Army, is a revolutionary, Marxist, insurgent guerrilla group that has been operating in several regions of Colombia since 1966. ...

A number of the more radical critics, in particular leftwing extremists and sympathizers or members of FARC, also consider that "democratic security" may be an euphemism for the controversial national security policy that existed throughout South America during the later stages of the Cold War, seeking to stop the spread of Communism. This would imply that the application this policy would also lead to the repression of any form of dissent and opposition to the current administration, including student movements and political parties. Supporters of the policy (and most other critics) tend to not consider the previous argument to be accurate, arguing that there are several differences between both policies, in particular that the democratic security policy is being implemented by a legally elected government, in an environment where a number of democratic and political liberties are guaranteed, despite the continuing conflict. The Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia – Ejército del Pueblo (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – Peoples Army, or FARC-EP) was established in 1964 as the paramilitary wing of the Colombian Communist Party, and is Colombias oldest, largest, most capable, and best-equipped insurgent force. ... Security measures outside the Houses of Parliament, London, England. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... A cold war is a state of conflict between nations that does not involve direct military action but is pursued primarily through economic and political actions, acts of espionage or conflict through surrogates. ... Communism is a term that can refer to one of several things: a social and economic system, an ideology which supports that system, or a political movement that wishes to implement that system. ...

External Links

• Colombia - Democratic Security & Defense Policy (http://www.colombiaemb.org/opencms/opencms/defense/)
• Política de Seguridad Democrática (http://alpha.mindefensa.gov.co/dayTemplates/images/seguridad_democratica.pdf) (in Spanish, .PDF)
• Amnesty International - Colombia : The "democratic security" policy is not a human rights policy (http://web.amnesty.org/library/index/engAMR231422002?open&of=eng-COL)
• BBC Talking Point- Uribe defends security policies  (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4021213.stm)
• The International Crisis Group - Colombia: President Uribe’s Democratic Security Policy (http://www.reliefweb.int/library/documents/2003/icg-col-13nov.pdf) (.PDF)
• UN High Commissioner for Human Rights - Colombia 2005 Report (http://www.hchr.org.co/documentoseinformes/informes/altocomisionado/informes.php3?cod=8&cat=11) (Spanish and English)
• Alternet - Human Rights Crumble in Colombia (http://www.alternet.org/story/15844/)
• The Miami Herald - Colombia - Democratic Security program not a failure (http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/news/world/americas/10909710.htm)
• HACER - Colombia's security policy: You do the math (http://www.hacer.org/current/Colo022.php)