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The demographic dividend is a rise in the rate of economic growth due to a rising share of working age people in a population. This usually occurs late in the demographic transition when the fertility rate falls and the youth dependency rate declines. During this demographic window of opportunity, output per capita rises. It has been argued that the demographic dividend played a role in the "economic miracles" of the East Asian Tigers[1] [2]and that the economic boom in Ireland in the 1990s (the Celtic tiger) was in part due to the legalization of contraception in 1979 and subsequent decline in the fertility rate [3]. In Ireland the ratio of workers to dependents improved due to lower fertility but was raised further by increased female labor market participation and a reversal from outward migration of working age population to a net inflow. Africa, on the other hand continues to have high fertility and youth dependency rates, which contribute to its economic stagnation [4]. The magnitude of the demographic dividend appears to be dependent on the ability of the economy to absorb and productively employ the extra workers [5], rather than a pure demographic gift. In demography, the term demographic transition is a theory describing a possible transition from high birth rates and death rates to low birth and death rates as part of the economic development of a country from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economy. ...
The (total) fertility rate of a population is the average number of child births per woman. ...
Demographic Window is defined to be that period of time in a nations demographic evolution when the proportion of population of working age group is particularly prominent. ...
The term East Asian Tigers (Simplified Chinese: 亚洲四å°é¾™; Traditional Chinese: 亞洲四å°é¾; Hanyu Pinyin: yÇŽzhÅu sì xiÇŽo lóng (lit. ...
Cartoon of the Celtic Tiger - the press media in Ireland use pictures of green striped tigers to symbolise or sometimes mock the Celtic Tiger The Celtic Tiger is a nickname for the Republic of Ireland during its period of rapid economic growth between the 1990s and 2001 or 2002. ...
An Irish solution to an Irish problem was a term popularised by Charles Haughey during his career as Minister for Health in Ireland and refers to the Health (Family Planning) Act, 1979 which was considered a compromise solution. ...
Low fertility initially leads to low youth dependency and a high ratio of working age to total population. However as the relatively large working age cohort grows older, population aging sets in. The graph shows the ratio of working age to dependent population (those 15 to 64 yeas old, divided by those above or below this age range - the inverse of the dependency ratio) based on data and projections from the United Nations. In demographics population ageing occurs when the average age of a regions population gets older. ...
In economics, the dependency ratio is the ratio of the economically dependent part of the population, to the productive part. ...
References
- ^ Bloom, David E. and Jeffrey G. Williamson, 1998, Demographic Transitions and Economic Miracles in Emerging Asia, World Bank Economic Review, 12: 419 - 455.
- ^ Bloom, David E., David Canning and Pia Malaney, 2000, Demographic Change and Economic Growth in Asia, Population and Development Review, 26, supp. 257-290.
- ^ Bloom, David E. and David Canning, 2003, Contraception and the Celtic Tiger, Economic and Social Review, 34, pp 229-247.
- ^ Bloom, David E. and Jeffrey D. Sachs, 1998. Geography, Demography, and Economic Growth in Africa. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 2, 207-273.
- ^ Bloom, David E., David Canning and Jaypee Sevilla, 2003, The Demographic Dividend: A New Perspective on the Economic Consequences of Population Change, Population Matters Monograph MR-1274, RAND, Santa Monica.
Jeffrey Sachs Jeffrey D. Sachs (born 1954) is an American economist known for his work as an economic advisor to governments in Latin America, Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union, Asia, and Africa. ...
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