NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Demographics of Falkland Islands

The Falkland Islands, are an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean, located 300 miles (483 km) from the coast of Argentina, and consisting of two main islands, East Falkland and West Falkland, together with a number of smaller islands. Stanley, on East Falkland, is the capital and largest city. The islands are a self-governing Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom, but are the subject of a long-standing claim to sovereignty by Argentina. The formal name of the islands is a matter of dispute. Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands. ... Falkland Islands Coat of Arms. ... Flag ratio: 1:2 The flag of the Falkland Islands was adopted on September 29, 1948. ... The Coat of Arms of the Falkland Islands were granted on September 29, 1948. ... This page lists state and national mottos for the worlds independent states and their subdivisions. ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that is formally recognized by a countrys government as their official national song. ... God Save the Queen is a patriotic song whose origin remains a matter of speculation. ... Locator map for the Falkland Islands. ... In politics, a capital (also called capital city or political capital â€” although the latter phrase has an alternative meaning based on an alternative meaning of capital) is the principal city or town associated with its government. ... Official website: http://www. ... An official language is a language that is given a privileged legal status in a state, or other legally-defined territory. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Nowadays, the Governor of the Falkland Islands is the local representative of the British Crown in the Falkland Islands. ... A United Kingdom overseas territory (formerly known as a dependent territory or earlier as a crown colony) is a territory that is under the sovereignty and formal control of the United Kingdom but is not part of the United Kingdom proper (almost exclusively Great Britain and Northern Ireland). ... Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor), (born on 21 April 1926), is Queen of sixteen independent nations known as the Commonwealth Realms. ... His Excellency Howard John Stredder Pearce, CVO (born April 13, 1949 in Twickenham) is the Governor of the Falkland Islands and the Commissioner for South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (SGSSI). ... A United Kingdom overseas territory (formerly known as a dependent territory or earlier as a crown colony) is a territory that is under the sovereignty and formal control of the United Kingdom but is not part of the United Kingdom proper (almost exclusively Great Britain and Northern Ireland). ... June 14 is the 165th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (166th in leap years), with 200 days remaining. ... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ... To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here areas between 10,000 kmÂ² and 100,000 kmÂ². ... This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ... Ongoing events â€¢ 2005 Atlantic and Pacific hurricanes â€¢ 2005 Maharashtra floods â€¢ 2005 Gujarat Flood â€¢ Expo 2005 in Aichi, Japan â€¢ Fuel prices â€¢ Gomery Comm. ... Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. ... Map of countries by population This is a list of sovereign states and other territories by population, estimated for the year 2005. ... World map of the population density in 1994 List of countries/dependencies by population density in inhabitants/kmÂ². The figures in the following table are based on areas including inland water bodies (lakes, reservoirs, rivers). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Map of world GDP (PPP) by country using the IMF and World Bank lists for 2004 These are three lists of countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP), the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. ... Map of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita This is a list of countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP) at purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita for the year of 2004, the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a... World map indicating HDI of UN member states, 2003. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... World map indicating HDI of UN member states, 2003. ... The Falkland Islands issue their own currency, the pound. ... ISO 4217 is the international standard describing three letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ... A time zone is a region of the Earth that has adopted the same standard time, usually referred to as the local time. ... Daylight saving time (DST), often referred to as daylight savings time, is a widely used system of adjusting the official local time forward, usually one hour, from its official winter standard time for the duration of the spring and summer months. ... UTC redirects here. ... UTC redirects here. ... The following is a list of currently existing Internet Top-level domains (TLDs). ... .fk is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the Falkland Islands. ... // At a glance In depth Zone 1 â€“ North American Numbering Plan Area nanpa. ... UKP redirects here. ... An archipelago is a landform which consists of a chain or cluster of islands. ... For other uses, see Atlantic (disambiguation) The Atlantic Ocean is Earths second-largest ocean, covering approximately one-fifth of its surface. ... East Falkland (beige) shown within Falkland Islands East Falkland, the largest of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic, has an area of 6,605 square kilometres. ... West Falkland (shown in white) within the Falkland Islands group West Falkland, known as Gran Malvina in Spanish, is the second largest of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic, with an area of approximately 4,532 kmÂ² (5,413 kmÂ² including the adjacent small islands). ... Official website: http://www. ... Location of the British overseas territories (British Antarctic Territory and Sovereign Base Areas of Cyprus not shown) The British overseas territories are 14 territories throughout the world that are under the sovereignty of the United Kingdom. ... The Falkland Islands are an archipelago in the South Atlantic. ...

In 1982 the islands were invaded by Argentina, precipitating the two-month-long undeclared Falklands War between Argentina and the United Kingdom, which resulted in the defeat and withdrawal of Argentine forces. Since the war there has been strong economic growth in both fisheries and tourism. The Falklands War (Spanish: Guerra de las Malvinas), was a war between Argentina and the United Kingdom over the Falkland Islands (also known in Spanish as the Islas Malvinas) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, occurring between April and June of 1982. ...

The islands are referred to by the islanders and in the United Kingdom as "(The) Falkland Islands". The Spanish name for the islands, "Islas Malvinas", is a translation of the French "Îles Malouines". This name is regarded as offensive by the islanders and by many other British citizens, who consider it part of Argentina's continued claim to sovereignty over the islands, a claim opposed by the islanders who are mainly of British descent and who hold British citizenship. Some English-language media sources use the ISO designation of "Falkland Islands (Malvinas)". ISO 3166 is a three-part geographic coding standard for coding the names of countries and dependent areas, and the principal subdivisions thereof. ...

History

The islands have had a complex history since their discovery, with France, Britain, Spain and Argentina all claiming possession and establishing as well as abandoning settlements on the islands. The Spanish claim was continued by Argentina upon the latter's independence in 1816, but after a period of instability the United Kingdom took control in 1833. Argentina has continued to claim sovereignty over the islands, and the dispute led them to invade and briefly occupy the islands before being defeated in the two-month-long 1982 Falklands War by a United Kingdom task force which returned the islands to British control. The Falkland Islands were uninhabited when discovered by Europeans, but the recent discovery of the remains of a wooden canoe is strong evidence that they had previously been visited, most probably by the Yaghan people of Tierra del Fuego. ... The Falklands War (Spanish: Guerra de las Malvinas), was a war between Argentina and the United Kingdom over the Falkland Islands (also known in Spanish as the Islas Malvinas) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, occurring between April and June of 1982. ...

The Falkland Islands were uninhabited when they were first discovered by European explorers. Disputed evidence exists of prior settlement by humans based on the existence of the Falkland Island fox, or Warrah, on the islands. It is thought this fox was brought to the island by humans, although it may have reached the islands by itself via a land bridge during the last ice age. Europe is conventionally considered one of the seven continents of Earth which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiographic one, leading to some dispute as to Europes actual borders. ... Binomial name Dusicyon australis (Kerr, 1792) The Falkland Island Fox (Dusicyon australis, formerly named Canis antarcticus), also known as the Warrah and occasionally as the Falkland Island Wolf or Antarctic Wolf and by Argentine writers as the Malvinas Zorro, was the only native land mammal of the Falkland Islands. ... Variations in CO2, temperature and dust from the Vostok ice core over the last 400 000 years For the animated movie, see Ice Age (movie). ...

The first European explorer widely credited with sighting the islands is Sebald de Weert, a Dutch sailor, in 1600. Although several English and Spanish historians maintain their own explorers discovered the islands earlier, some older maps, particularly Dutch ones, used the name 'Sebald Islands', after de Weert. However, the islands appear on numerous Spanish and other maps beginning in the 1520s. Sebald de Weert (born 15??, Netherlands, died 1602 in Ceylon) was a Dutch captain employed by the Dutch East India Company (known in Dutch as Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie, or by the anacronym VOC). ... 1597 1598 1599 - 1600 - 1601 1602 1603 |- | align=center colspan=2 | Decades: 1570s 1580s 1590s - 1600s - 1610s 1620s 1630s |- | align=center | Centuries: 15th century - 16th century - 17th century |} // Events January January 1 - Scotland adopts January 1st as being New Years Day February February 17 - Giordano Bruno burned at the... Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location (dark green) within the British Isles Languages English (de facto) Capital London de facto Largest city London Area â€“ Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 kmÂ² Population â€“ Total (mid-2004) â€“ Total (2001 Census) â€“ Density Ranked 1st... ...

In January 1690, English sailor John Strong, captain of the Welfare, was heading for Puerto Deseado (in Argentina), but driven off course by contrary winds, he reached the Sebald Islands instead and landed at Bold Cove. He sailed between the two principal islands and called the passage "Falkland Channel" (now Falkland Sound), after Anthony Cary, 5th Viscount Falkland (1659-1694), who as Commissioner of the Admiralty had financed the expedition and who later became First Lord of the Admiralty. From this body of water the island group later took its collective English name. Events Giovanni Domenico Cassini observes differential rotation within Jupiters atmosphere. ... Puerto Deseado, originally called Port Desire, is a fishing port in Patagonia in the Santa Cruz Province of Argentina on the estuary of the RÃo Deseado, located at 47Â°22â€²S 63Â°49â€²W. It was named Port Desire by the privateer Thomas Cavendish in 1586 after the name... The Falkland Sound is a sea strait in the Falkland Islands. ... Anthony Cary, 5th Viscount Falkland (1656-1694) was a British politician who served as First Lord of the Admiralty from 1693 to 1694. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Old Admiralty House, Whitehall, London, Thomas Ripley, architect, 1723-26, was not admired by his contemporaries and earned him some scathing couplets from Alexander Pope The Admiralty was historically the authority in the United Kingdom responsible for the command of the Royal Navy. ...

The first settlement on the Falkland Islands, called Port Saint Louis, was founded by the French navigator and military commander Louis Antoine de Bougainville in 1764 on Berkeley Sound, in present-day Port Louis, East Falkland. Bougainville went on to name the islands Îles Malouines, after the French mariners and fishermen from the Breton port of Saint-Malo, who became the island's first known human settlers. Afterwards, the Spanish took the original French name, calling the islands first Islas Malouinas, which eventually evolved into its current Spanish-language denomination of Islas Malvinas. Louis-Antoine de Bougainville (1729â€“1811) Louis-Antoine de Bougainville Louis Antoine de Bougainville, Comte de Bougainville (November 12, 1729 â€“ August 20, 1811) was a French navigator and military commander. ... 1764 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Port Louis is a settlement on northeastern East Falkland. ... East Falkland (beige) shown within Falkland Islands East Falkland, the largest of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic, has an area of 6,605 square kilometres. ... Traditional coat of arms This article is about the historical duchy and French province, as well as the cultural area of Brittany. ... Categories: France geography stubs | Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine ...

Unaware of the French presence, in January 1765, English captain John Byron explored and claimed Saunders Island, at the western end of the group, where he named the harbour of Port Egmont, and sailed near other islands, which he also claimed for King George III of Great Britain. A British settlement was built at Port Egmont in 1766. Also in 1766, Spain acquired the French colony, and after assuming effective control in 1767, placed the islands under a governor subordinate to Buenos Aires. Spain attacked Port Egmont, ending the British presence there in 1770, but Britain returned in 1771 and remained until 1774. Upon her withdrawal in 1774 Britain left behind a plaque asserting her claims, but from then on Spain ruled unchallenged, maintaining a settlement until 1811. On leaving in 1811, Spain, too, left behind a plaque asserting her claims. 1765 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... John Byron (November 8, 1723 â€“ April 10, 1786) was a British vice-admiral. ... Saunders Island is the name of more than one place: Saunders Island, an island in the Falkland Islands Saunders Island, an island in the South Sandwich Islands This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Port Egmont is a settlement on Saunders Island, within the Falkland Islands Categories: | ... George III (George William Frederick) (4 June 1738–29 January 1820) was King of Great Britain, and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until 1 January 1801, and thereafter King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death. ... 1766 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1767 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Buenos Aires (English: Fair Winds, originally Ciudad de la SantÃsima Trinidad y Puerto de Santa MarÃa de los Buenos Aires, City of the Holy Trinity and Port of Saint Mary of the Fair Winds) is the capital of Argentina and its largest city and port, as well as... 1770 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1771 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1774 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... A commemorative plaque, or simply plaque, is a plate of metal attached to a wall or other vertical surface and bearing text in memory of an important figure or event. ... Joyce Rollins is a lesbian. ...

When Argentina declared its independence from Spain in 1816, it laid claim to the islands according to the uti possidetis principle, as they had been under the administrative jurisdiction of the Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata. Actual occupation began in 1820 with the foundation of a settlement and a penal colony. The settlement was destroyed by United States warship in 1831 after the Argentinian governor of the islands Luis Vernet seized U.S. Seal hunting ships during a dispute over fishing rights. They left behind escaped prisoners and pirates. In November 1832, Argentina sent another governor who was killed in a mutiny. In January 1833, British forces returned, took control, repatriated the remainder of the Argentine settlement, and began to repopulate the islands with British citizens. Uti possidetis (Latin: as you possess) is a principle in international law that territory and other property remains with its possessor at the end of a conflict, unless provided for by treaty. ... Created in 1776, the Viceroyalty of the RÃo de la Plata was the last and most shortlived viceroyalty created by Spain. ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1831 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Louis Vernet Luis Vernet was the 4th and last Argentine Governor of Puerto Soledad, and Argentine colony in the Falkland Islands from 1829 until 1831. ... Seal hunting or sealing refers to the practice, history and industries associated with the hunting and killing of seals. ... 1832 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1833 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The United Kingdom mounted an invasion of the Falkland Islands on January 2, 1833, after the destruction of the Argentine Puerto Soledad settlement by the American corvette Lexington (December 28, 1831). ...

The Royal Navy built a base at Stanley, and the islands became a strategic point for navigation around Cape Horn. The World War I naval battle, the Battle of Falkland Islands took place in December 1914, with a British victory over the Germans. During World War II, Stanley served as a Royal Navy station and serviced ships which took part in the Battle of the River Plate. Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 193 KB)Port Stanley, from the air, 2005/02, by Tom L-C. File links The following pages link to this file: Port Stanley Categories: GFDL images ... Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 193 KB)Port Stanley, from the air, 2005/02, by Tom L-C. File links The following pages link to this file: Port Stanley Categories: GFDL images ... Official website: http://www. ... The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the senior service of the British armed services, being the oldest of its three branches. ... Official website: http://www. ... Cape Horn from the South. ... Combatants Allies: Serbia, Russia, France, Romania, Belgium, British Empire, United States, Italy, and others Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire Casualties Military dead:5 million Civilian dead:3 million Total dead:8 million Military dead:4 million Civilian dead:3 million Total dead:7 million The First World... This is about the First World War naval battle. ... 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Combatants Allies: Poland, British Commonwealth, France/Free France, Soviet Union, United States, China, and others Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan, and others Casualties Military dead:17 million Civilian dead:33 million Total dead:50 million Military dead:8 million Civilian dead:4 million Total dead:12 million World War II... Combatants Germany United Kingdom & New Zealand Commanders Hans Langsdorff Henry Harwood Strength 1 pocket battleship 1 heavy cruiser, 2 light cruisers Casualties pocket battleship Admiral Graf Spee scuttled after battle, 36 killed dead heavy cruiser Exeter heavily damaged, 72 killed The Battle of the River Plate (December 13, 1939) was...

Sovereignty over the islands became an issue again in the latter half of the 20th century. Argentina, which had never renounced its claim to the islands, saw the creation of the United Nations as an opportunity to present its case before the rest of the world. In 1945, upon signing the UN Charter, Argentina stated that it reserved its right to sovereignty of the islands, as well as its right to recover them. The United Kingdom responded in turn by stating that, as an essential precondition for the fulfilment of UN Resolution 1514, regarding the de-colonization of all territories still under foreign occupation, the Falklanders first had to vote for the British withdrawal at a referendum to be held on the issue. United Nations - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... United Nations Charter Opened for signature June 26, 1945 at San Francisco Entered into force October 24, 1945 Conditions for entry into force Ratification by the Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of... Colonialism in 1945 Decolonization is the process by which a colony gains its independence from a colonial power, a process opposite to colonization. ...

Talks between British and Argentine foreign missions took place in the 1960s, but failed to come to any meaningful conclusion. A major sticking point in all the negotiations was the 2,000 inhabitants of mainly British descent who preferred that the islands remained British territory.

On April 2, 1982, Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands and other British territories in the South Atlantic (South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands), encouraged in part by the United Kingdom's reduction in military capacity in the South Atlantic and as a diversion from poor economic performance at home. The invasion was condemned by the United Nations Security Council, although world reaction ranged from support in the Latin American countries (with the exception of Chile), to opposition in Europe, the Commonwealth, and eventually the United States. The British sent a large expeditionary force to retake the islands leading to the Falklands War. After a short but fierce naval and air war, the British landed at San Carlos Water on May 21 and a land war followed until the Argentinean forces surrendered on June 14. April 2 is the 92nd day of the year (93rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 273 days remaining. ... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Argentina mounted an invasion of the Falkland Islands on April 2, 1982 after the civilian occupation of South Georgia on March 19, before the Falklands War proper started. ... Motto: Leo Terram Propriam Protegat (Latin: The Lion shall protect his own land) Official language English Capital Grytviken Commissioner Howard Pearce Area - Total - % water not ranked 3,093 kmÂ² - Population - Total (2006 E) - Density not ranked ~20 n/a; Currency GBP Time zone UTC/GMT -2 National anthem God Save... Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ... The Falklands War (Spanish: Guerra de las Malvinas), was a war between Argentina and the United Kingdom over the Falkland Islands (also known in Spanish as the Islas Malvinas) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, occurring between April and June of 1982. ... May 21 is the 141st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (142nd in leap years). ... June 14 is the 165th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (166th in leap years), with 200 days remaining. ...

Following the war, the British increased their military presence on the islands, constructing RAF Mount Pleasant and increasing the military garrison. Falkland Islanders were also granted full British citizenship. Although the UK and Argentina since resumed diplomatic relations in 1989, no further negotiations on sovereignty have taken place. RAF Mount Pleasant in the Falkland Islands is the most recent purpose-built airfield in the Royal Air Force. ...

Politics

Executive authority comes from the Queen and is exercised by the Governor on her behalf. The Governor is also responsible for the administration of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, as these islands have no native inhabitants. Defence and Foreign Affairs are the responsibility of the United Kingdom. Country name: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Data code: FA Dependency status: overseas territory of the United Kingdom, also claimed by Argentina Government type: NA Capital: Stanley Administrative divisions: none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) Independence: none (overseas territory of... A database query syntax error has occurred. ... A database query syntax error has occurred. ... His Excellency Howard John Stredder Pearce, CVO (born April 13, 1949 in Twickenham) is the Governor of the Falkland Islands and the Commissioner for South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (SGSSI). ... Nowadays, the Governor of the Falkland Islands is the local representative of the British Crown in the Falkland Islands. ... Nowadays, the Governor of the Falkland Islands is the local representative of the British Crown in the Falkland Islands. ... Motto: Leo Terram Propriam Protegat (Latin: The Lion shall protect his own land) Official language English Capital Grytviken Commissioner Howard Pearce Area - Total - % water not ranked 3,093 kmÂ² - Population - Total (2006 E) - Density not ranked ~20 n/a; Currency GBP Time zone UTC/GMT -2 National anthem God Save...

Under the constitution, the latest version of which came into force in 1985, there is an Executive Council and a Legislative Council. The Executive Council, which advises the Governor, is also chaired by the Governor. It consists of the Chief Executive, Financial Secretary and three Legislative Councillors, who are elected by the other Legislative Councillors. The Legislative Council consists of the Chief Executive, Financial Secretary and the eight Legislative Councillors, of whom five are elected from Stanley and three from Camp, for four year terms. It is presided over by the Speaker, currently Geoffrey Lionel Blake. An Executive Council in Commonwealth constitutional practice based on the Westminster system exercizes executive power and is the top tier of a government led by a Governor-General, Governor, Lieutenant-Governor or Administrator (all governors). Until the advent of responsible government, Executive Councils existed primarily to advise the governor of... A Legislative Council in British constitutional thought is the second-to-top tier of a government led by a Governor-General, Governor or a Lieutenant-Governor, inferior to an Executive Council and equal to or superior to a Legislative Assembly. ... Camp is the term used in the Falkland Islands to refer to any part of the islands outside of the islands only significant town, Stanley. ...

The loss of the war against Britain over control of the islands led to the collapse of the Argentine military dictatorship in 1983. Disputes over control of the islands continue. In 2001, British Prime Minister Tony Blair became the first to visit Argentina since the war. On the 22nd anniversary of the war, Argentina's President Néstor Kirchner gave a speech insisting that the islands would once again be part of Argentina. Kirchner, campaigning for president in 2003, regarded the islands a top priority. In June 2003 the issue was brought before a United Nations committee, and attempts have been made to open talks with Britain to resolve the issue of the islands. As far as the Falkland Islands Government and people are concerned there is no issue to resolve. The Falkland Islanders themselves are almost entirely British and maintain their allegiance to the United Kingdom. (See also Sovereignty of the Falkland Islands.) Augusto Pinochet (sitting) was an army general who led a military coup in Chile in 1973. ... Anthony Charles Lynton Blair (born 6 May 1953) is the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service. ... (helpÂ· info) (born 25 February 1950) is the current President of Argentina. ... The Falkland Islands are an archipelago in the South Atlantic. ...

Falkland Islanders were granted full British citizenship from 1 January 1983 under the British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983. January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983 was an Act of Parliament passed by the British Parliament and came into force on January 1, Falkland Islands, a British Dependent Territory in the South Atlantic. ...

Geography

The islands are 300 miles (483 km) from the South American mainland. There are two main islands, East Falkland and West Falkland and about 700 small islands. The total land area is 4,700 square miles (12,173 km²), approximately the same area as Connecticut or Northern Ireland, and a coastline estimated at 800 miles (1,288 km). Image File history File links Falklands_Map. ... Image File history File links Falklands_Map. ... A mile is a unit of distance (or, in physics terminology, length) currently defined as 5,280 feet, 1,760 yards, or 63,360 inches. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... East Falkland (beige) shown within Falkland Islands East Falkland, the largest of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic, has an area of 6,605 square kilometres. ... West Falkland (shown in white) within the Falkland Islands group West Falkland, known as Gran Malvina in Spanish, is the second largest of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic, with an area of approximately 4,532 kmÂ² (5,413 kmÂ² including the adjacent small islands). ... A square mile is an Imperial unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (5,280 feet, 1,760 yards, 1,609. ... Official language(s) English Capital Hartford Largest city Bridgeport Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 48th 14,371 kmÂ² 113 km 177 km 12. ... Dieu et mon droit (motto) (French for God and my right)2 Northern Irelands location within the UK Main language English Other recognised languages Irish, Ulster Scots Capital and largest city Belfast First Minister Office suspended Secretary of State for Northern Ireland Peter Hain MP Area - Total Ranked 4th...

Much of the land is part of the two main islands separated by the Falkland Sound: East Falkland, home to the capital of Stanley and the majority of the population, and West Falkland. Both islands have mountain ranges, rising to 2,313 feet (705 m) at Mount Usborne on East Falkland. There are also some boggy plains, most notably Lafonia, the southern half of East Falkland. Virtually the entire area of the islands is used as pasture for sheep. The Falkland Sound is a sea strait in the Falkland Islands. ... East Falkland (beige) shown within Falkland Islands East Falkland, the largest of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic, has an area of 6,605 square kilometres. ... Official website: http://www. ... West Falkland (shown in white) within the Falkland Islands group West Falkland, known as Gran Malvina in Spanish, is the second largest of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic, with an area of approximately 4,532 kmÂ² (5,413 kmÂ² including the adjacent small islands). ... The most general definition of a mountain range is a group of mountains bordered by lowlands. ... A foot (plural: feet) is a non-SI unit of distance or length, measuring around a third of a metre. ... The metre, or meter, is a measure of length. ... Mount Usborne is a mountain on East Falkland Island; at 705m (2312 feet) above sea level, it is the highest point in the Falkland Islands. ... Bog detail LÃ¼tt-Witt Moor, a bog in Henstedt-Ulzburg, northern Germany. ... In geography, a plain is a large area of land with relatively low relief. ... Lafonia is the southern part of East Falkland, the largest of the Falkland Islands. ... Pastureland Pasture is land with lush herbaceous vegetation cover used for grazing of ungulates as part of a farm or ranch. ... Binomial name Ovis aries Linnaeus, 1758 The domestic sheep (Ovis aries) is the most common species of the sheep genus. ...

Smaller islands surround the main two. They include Barren Island, Beaver Island, Bleaker Island, Carcass Island, George Island, Keppel Island, Lively Island, New Island, Pebble Island, Saunders Island, Sealion Island, Speedwell Island, Staats Island, Weddell Island, West Point Island. The Jason Islands lie to the north west of the main archipelago, and Beauchene Island some distance to its south. Speedwell Island and George Island are split from East Falkland by Engle Passage. Barren Island is one of the Falkland Islands, lying south west of East Falkland and south east of George Island. ... Beaver Island is one of the Falkland Islands, lying west of Weddell Island and south of New Island. ... Bleaker Island is one of the Falkland Islands, lying southeast of East Falkland. ... Carcass Island is one of the Falkland Islands, lying north west of West Falkland and south east of the Jason Islands. ... This article is about George Island in the Falkland Islands. ... For the Keppel Islands of Australia, including Great Keppel Island, see Keppel Bay Islands National Park Keppel Island is one of the Falkland Islands, lying between Saunders Island and Pebble Island. ... Lively Island is one of the Falkland Islands, lying west of West Falkland. ... New Island is one of the Falkland Islands, lying north of Beaver Island. ... Pebble Island is one of the Falkland Islands, lying north of West Falkland. ... Saunders Island is one of the Falkland Islands, lying north west of West Falkland. ... Sea Lion Island is one of the Falkland Islands, lying eight miles south of East Falkland. ... Speedwell Island is one of the Falkland Islands, lying in the Falkland Sound, southwest of East Falkland. ... Staats Island is one of the Falkland Islands, lying between Beaver Island and Weddell Island. ... Weddell Island shown within Falkland Islands Weddell Island is the third largest of the Falkland Islands, with an area of 98 square miles (254 kmÂ²). Until the late nineteenth century, it was known as Swan Island. ... West Point Island is one of the Falkland Islands, lying west of West Falkland, from which it is separated by the Wooly Cut channel. ... The Jason Islands are an archipelago in the Falkland Islands, lying north west of the main island group, and about 250 miles east of Argentina. ... Beauchene Island is one of the Falkland Islands, lying thirty miles south of Sea Lion Island, the nearest land. ... Engle Passage is a stretch of water between East Falkland and George Island in the Falkland Islands. ...

The islands claim a territorial sea of 12 nautical miles (22 km) and an exclusive fishing zone of 200 nautical miles (370 km), which has been a source of disagreement with Argentina. A nautical mile is a unit of length. ...

The Falkland Islands have a cold marine climate with strong westerly winds. It is generally cloudy and humid; rain occurs on more than half the days in a typical year. Snow is rare, but can occur at almost any time of year. Islanders themselves talk about two main areas of the islands, namely Stanley and the rest, which they call "the Camp", from the Spanish campo ("countryside"). Cumulus of fair weather A cloud is a visible mass of condensed droplets or ice crystals suspended in the atmosphere above the surface of the Earth or another planetary body. ... Humidity is the quantity of moisture in the air. ... Rain falling For other uses see Rain (disambiguation). ...

Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands. ... Barren Island is one of the Falkland Islands, lying south west of East Falkland and south east of George Island. ... Beaver Island is one of the Falkland Islands, lying west of Weddell Island and south of New Island. ... Beauchene Island is one of the Falkland Islands, lying thirty miles south of Sea Lion Island, the nearest land. ... Bleaker Island is one of the Falkland Islands, lying southeast of East Falkland. ... Carcass Island is one of the Falkland Islands, lying north west of West Falkland and south east of the Jason Islands. ... East Falkland (beige) shown within Falkland Islands East Falkland, the largest of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic, has an area of 6,605 square kilometres. ... This article is about George Island in the Falkland Islands. ... The Jason Islands are an archipelago in the Falkland Islands, lying north west of the main island group, and about 250 miles east of Argentina. ... For the Keppel Islands of Australia, including Great Keppel Island, see Keppel Bay Islands National Park Keppel Island is one of the Falkland Islands, lying between Saunders Island and Pebble Island. ... Lively Island is one of the Falkland Islands, lying west of West Falkland. ... New Island is one of the Falkland Islands, lying north of Beaver Island. ... Pebble Island is one of the Falkland Islands, lying north of West Falkland. ... Saunders Island is one of the Falkland Islands, lying north west of West Falkland. ... Sea Lion Island is one of the Falkland Islands, lying eight miles south of East Falkland. ... Speedwell Island is one of the Falkland Islands, lying in the Falkland Sound, southwest of East Falkland. ... Staats Island is one of the Falkland Islands, lying between Beaver Island and Weddell Island. ... Weddell Island shown within Falkland Islands Weddell Island is the third largest of the Falkland Islands, with an area of 98 square miles (254 kmÂ²). Until the late nineteenth century, it was known as Swan Island. ... West Falkland (shown in white) within the Falkland Islands group West Falkland, known as Gran Malvina in Spanish, is the second largest of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic, with an area of approximately 4,532 kmÂ² (5,413 kmÂ² including the adjacent small islands). ... West Point Island is one of the Falkland Islands, lying west of West Falkland, from which it is separated by the Wooly Cut channel. ...

Economy

Sheep farming was formerly the main source of income for the islands, and still plays an important part with high quality wool exports going to the UK, but efforts to diversify introduced in 1984 have made fishing the largest part of the economy and brought increasing income from tourism. The government sale of fishing licences to foreign countries has brought in more than £40 million a year in revenues, and local fishing boats are also in operation. More than 75% of the fish taken are squid, and most exports are to Spain. Tourism has shown rapid growth, with more than 30,000 visitors in 2001. The islands have become a regular port of call for the growing market of cruise ships. Attractions include the scenery and wildlife conservation with penguins, seabirds, seals and sealions, and visits to battlefields, golf, fishing and wreck diving. Image File history File links Falkland1. ... Image File history File links Falkland1. ... Economy - overview: The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. ... Binomial name Ovis aries Linnaeus, 1758 The domestic sheep (Ovis aries) is the most common species of the sheep genus. ... Fishing is the activity of hunting for fish. ... Tourist redirects here; for the album by Athlete, see Tourist (album) For the Roxette album, see Tourism (album) Tourism is the act of travel for the purpose of recreation and business, and the provision of services for this act. ... Suborders Myopsina Oegopsina Squids are the large, diverse group of marine cephalopods popular as food in cuisines as widely separated as Korean and Italian. ... MV Pride of Aloha docked in Port of NÄwiliwili, Kauaâ€˜i in the Hawaiian Islands A cruise ship, or less commonly cruise liner or luxury liner, is a passenger ship used for pleasure voyages, where the voyage itself and the amenities of the ship are considered an essential part... Modern Genera Aptenodytes Eudyptes Eudyptula Megadyptes Pygoscelis Spheniscus Extinct Genera, see Classification Penguins (order Sphenisciformes, family Spheniscidae) are an order of aquatic, flightless birds living in the southern hemisphere. ... Look up seal in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Genera Eumetopias Zalophus Otaria Neophoca Phocarctos A sea lion rookery at Monterey, California A sea lion is any of several marine mammals of the family Otariidae. ...

An agreement with Argentina has set the terms for exploitation of offshore resources including large oil reserves, but climatic conditions of the southern seas mean that exploitation will be difficult task, though economically viable, and the continuing sovereignty dispute with Argentina is hampering progress. Defence is provided by the UK and British military expenditure makes a significant contribution to the economy. The islands are self sufficient except for defence, exports account for more than £125 million a year.

The largest company in the islands is the Falkland Islands Company, a publicly quoted company on the London Stock Exchange and responsible for the majority of the economic activity on the islands, though its farms were sold in 1991 to the Falkland Islands Government. Falkland Islands Holdings Plc (FIH) is a company which plays a key role in the economy of the Falkland Islands. ... The Source by Greyworld, in the new LSE building Paternoster Square. ...

The currency in use is the Falkland Pound, which remains in parity with Pounds Sterling. The Falkland Islands also mint their own coins, and issue stamps which forms a source of revenue from overseas collectors. The Falkland Islands issue their own currency, the pound. ... UKP redirects here. ...

Demographics

The population is 2,967 (July 2003 estimate), the majority of which are of British descent (approximately 70%). Those people from the United Kingdom who have obtained Falkland Island status, became what are known locally as 'belongers'. However, a few are of Scandinavian descent. Some are the descendants of whalers who reached the Islands during the last two centuries. Furthermore there is a small minority of South American, mainly Chilean origin, and in more recent times many people from St Helena have also come to work in the Islands. The Falkland Islands have been a centre of English language learning for South Americans. Download high resolution version (1200x1600, 176 KB)Church and Whalebone arch at Port Stanley. ... Download high resolution version (1200x1600, 176 KB)Church and Whalebone arch at Port Stanley. ... The cathedral and whalebone arch. ... Official website: http://www. ... Scandinavia is a region in Northern Europe named after the Scandinavian Peninsula. ...

Islanders call themselves "Islanders". Outsiders often call Islanders "Kelpers", from the kelp which grows profusely around the islands, but the name is no longer used in the Islands. Families Alariaceae Chordaceae Laminariaceae Lessoniaceae Phyllariaceae Pseudochordaceae Kelp are large seaweeds, belonging to the brown algae and classified in the order Laminariales. ...

The main religion is Christianity. The main denominations are Church of England, Roman Catholicism, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheranism, and Seventh-day Adventism. The extra-provincial Anglican parish of the Falkland Islands is under the direct jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Canterbury. The Falklands Islands form an Apostolic Prefecture of the Catholic Church. Christianity is a monotheistic religion centered on Jesus of Nazareth, known by Christians as Jesus Christ, and the New Testament accounts of his life, teachings, and actions. ... The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion, as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... â€¹ The template below has been proposed for deletion. ... Luthers seal Lutheranism is a Christian tradition based upon the main theological insights of Martin Luther. ... This article or section contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ... The term Anglican (from Anglia, the Latin name for England) describes the people and churches that follow the religious traditions developed by the established Church of England. ... Arms of the see of Canterbury The Archbishop of Canterbury is the senior clergyman of the established Church of England and symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion. ... An apostolic prefecture is a particular church of the Roman Catholic Church for non-Catholic or missionary regions and countries which do not have a diocese yet. ...

Transport

The Falkland Islands has two airports with paved runways. RAF Mount Pleasant, 30 miles west of Stanley acts as the main international airport, with flights operated by the Royal Air Force to RAF Brize Norton in Oxfordshire, United Kingdom with a refueling stop at RAF Ascension Island. RAF flights are on Tri-Stars although it is common for charter aircraft to be used if the Tri-Stars are required for operational flights. Flights are also available to Chile operated by LAN. Port Stanley Airport is a smaller airport outside the city, and is used for internal flights. Most settlements have grass air strips which are served by Islander aircraft. The internal flight schedule is decided a day in advance according to passenger needs and an announcement made on the radio detailing arrival and departure times the night before. Some flights also operate to British bases in the British Antarctic Territory. ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1800x600, 103 KB) The Dash-7 belonging to BAS at Stanley, 2005/02, by Tom L-C. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1800x600, 103 KB) The Dash-7 belonging to BAS at Stanley, 2005/02, by Tom L-C. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... A Dash-7 at Stanley The de Havilland Canada DHC-7, popularly the Dash 7, is a turboprop powered regional airliner with STOL capabilities. ... BAS headquarters The British Antarctic Survey (BAS), formerly the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS), is an institute of the Natural Environment Research Council, and has, for the last fifty years, undertaken the majority of Britains scientific research on and around the Antarctic continent. ... Official website: http://www. ... RAF Mount Pleasant in the Falkland Islands is the most recent purpose-built airfield in the Royal Air Force. ... The Royal Air Force (often abbreviated to RAF) is the air force branch of the British Armed Forces. ... RAF Brize Norton is a Royal Air Force station in Oxfordshire about 50 miles west of London, England, United Kingdom. ... Ascension Island Base is a British station on Ascension Island in the Atlantic Ocean. ... LAN Airlines S.A. NYSE: LFL (formerly Lan Chile S.A.) is an airline based in Santiago, Chile. ... Port Stanley Airport (IATA: PSY) is an airport in the Falkland Islands, two miles outside the capital, Stanley. ... Flag of the British Antarctic Territory The British Antarctic Territory is the British claim to land and islands in Antarctica, and is the oldest territorial claim on the continent. ...

The road network has been improved in recent years, however, few paved roads exist outside Stanley and the RAF base.

Mines and Ordnance

Thousands of land mines remain from the 1982 war which are securely and clearly fenced off with free maps available from the EOD (Explosive Ordnance Disposal) office in Stanley. Care should still be taken as some beaches were mined and there have been concerns the tides could have moved some mines. The same applies where mine fields are close to rivers. Care should be taken in case mines have been washed out of the marked area by flooding. There is also ordnance left over from the war, although finds of this type are becoming rarer with the passage of time. Ordnance is a general term for a quantity of military equipment, usually specifying the ammunition for artillery, bombs, or other large weapons. ...