Mexico's population pyramid (2000)

With a population of 103,263,388 in 2005, Mexico is the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world, and the second-most populous country in Latin America after Portuguese-speaking Brazil. Mexico's population is characterized by rapid growth, with a large cohort of youths. The most populous city in the country is the capital city, Mexico City, with a population of 8.7 million (2005), and its metropolitan area is also the most populous in the country with 19.2 million (2005), and the second in the world. This agglomeration is home of almost 18% of the country's population. Demographers and anthropologists placed Mexico as one of the top 11 populous nations in the world, and the highest number of racially-defined Native Americans of any country. Image File history File links Mexicopop. ... Image File history File links Mexicopop. ... A population pyramid is two back-to-back bar graphs, one showing the number of males and one showing females in a particular population in five-year age groups (also called cohorts). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ... For other meanings see cohort In statistics and demography, a cohort is a group of subjects — most often humans from a given population — defined by a condition on their date of birth. ... It has been suggested that Mexican Federal District be merged into this article or section. ... Metropolitan area in Western Tokyo as seen from Tokyo Tower A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large city and its adjacent zone of influence, or of several neighboring cities or towns and adjoining areas, with one or more large cities serving as its hub or... Native Americans are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States, including parts of Alaska. ...

The population of Mexico is ethnically and culturally diverse. Mexico has defined itself, in the second article of its constitution, as a "pluricultural" nation, in recognition of the diverse ethnic groups that constitute it, and in which the indigenous peoples are its foundation. The term indigenous peoples has no universal, standard or fixed definition, but can be used about any ethnic group who inhabit the geographic region with which they have the earliest historical connection. ...

Recent changes in legislation have allowed for a greater recognition of the indigenous culture and language (creating the concept of "national languages") and granted them greater cultural, social, economical and political autonomy. As a national identity, and from the Mexican Revolution the government has promoted a singular national identity, a socio-political phenomenon known as Mexicanidad, usually defined as a mestizo culture. Mexico has a surprising lingusitic diversity; apart from Spanish, the government recognizes 62 Indigenous Amerindian languages as national languages. ... This article is about the Mexican Revolution of 1910. ...

Demographic dynamics

Mexico's population growth

During the period of economic and social prosperity that has been dubbed by economists as the "Mexican Miracle", Mexico reduced its infant mortality rate and increased its life expectancy which jointly led to an intense demographic increase between 1930 and 1970. Since then, the population's annual growh rate has been reduced from a 3.5% peak (1965) to 0.99% (2005). Through a decentralization policy, though weak and mostly focused to reduce pollution in the Valley of Mexico, from 2000-2005 the net migration rate of the Federal District was negative, whereas the least-populated states (and the last states to be admitted to the Union) have been experiencing the highest growth and migration rates: Quintana Roo, Baja California and Baja California Sur. Image File history File linksMetadata MXPopgrowth. ... Image File history File linksMetadata MXPopgrowth. ... The international levels of infant mortality, depicted as the number of deaths in a thousand births. ... World map of life expectancy, 2005 Life expectancy is a statistical measure defined as the expected (mean) survival of human beings based upon a number of criteria such as gender and geographic location. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link is to a full 1930 calendar). ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ... 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Valley of Mexico is a highlands plateau in central Mexico roughly coterminous with the present-day Distrito Federal and the eastern half of Estado de Mexico. ... Quintana Roo is a state of Mexico, on the eastern part of the Yucatán Peninsula. ... Baja California (literally lower California in Spanish) is the northernmost state of Mexico. ... Baja California Sur is one of the 31 States of Mexico, occupying the part of the Baja California Peninsula south of the 28th parallel. ...

Annual growth rate of Greater Mexico City (0.8%) was the lowest of the five largest metro areas (Guadalajara 1.8%, Monterrey 1.9%, Puebla 2.0% and Toluca 1.8%).

While the national annual growth rate is still positive (0.9%), the national net migration rate is negative (-4.75/1000 inhabitants), given the intense flow of immigrants to the United States; an estimated 5.3 million undocumented Mexicans lived in the United States in 2004^[1] (equivalent to 5% of the nation's total population), and 18.2 million American citizens in the 2000 Census declared having Mexican ancestry (See Mexican-Americans on more details on that ethnic group).^[2] Mexico itself constitutes the second country of total number of immigrants to the United States from 1830 to 2000, after Germany. 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year 2000. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...

The states and the Federal District that conform the Mexican federation are called "federal entities" in Mexico. The five most populated federal entities are the State of Mexico (14.4 million), the Federal District (8.7 million), Veracruz (7.1 million), Jalisco (6.7 million) and Puebla (5.4 million) which collectively contain 40.7% of the national population. Mexico City, being coextensive with the Federal District, is the most populated city in the country, and Mexico City is the world's second largest city in terms of population. Greater Mexico City refers to the conurbation around Mexico City, oficially called Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México or ZMCM (Metropolitan Zone of Mexico City) in Mexico. ... The Mexican Federal District, known in Spanish as Distrito Federal (D.F.), is an area within Mexico that is not part of any of the Mexican states, but an independent self-governing city-state and the seat of the Federal Government. ... The United Mexican States, or Mexico, is a federal republic, comprising 31 states. ... Hidalgo is a state in central Mexico, with an area of 20,502 km². In 2000 the state had a population of some 2,231,000 people. ... The Guadalajara Metropolitan Area (Spanish: Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara) is the most populous metropolitan area of the Mexican state of Jalisco and the second largest in the country after Mexico City. ... Jalisco is one of the states of the United Mexican States (Mexico). ... The Monterrey metropolitan area refers to the conurbation around the city of Monterrey, officially called Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de Monterrey or ZMM (English: Metropolitan Zone of Monterrey). ... Nuevo León (Spanish for New León, after the former kingdom in Spain) is a state located in north-eastern Mexico. ... Aerial view of the Metropolitan area of Puebla, towards Tlaxcala The Metropolitan area of Puebla or Greater Puebla is the fourth largest agglomeration in Mexico with a population of 2. ... The Mexican state of Puebla is located in the center of the country, to the east of Mexico City. ... Tlaxcala is the name of both a state of Mexico and of that states capital city. ... The United Mexican States, or Mexico, is a federal republic, comprising 31 states. ... Tijuana (Spanish [tixwana], English usually [ËŒtiːəˈwÉ‘nÉ™]), is the largest city in the Mexican state of Baja California and the seat of the municipality of Tijuana of which the current municipal president is Jorge Hank Rhon of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). ... Baja California (literally lower California in Spanish) is the northernmost state of Mexico. ... Guanajuato is a state in the central highlands of Mexico. ... La Catedral in downtown Ciudad Juárez Ciudad Juárez, or simply Juárez, is a city in the Mexican state of Chihuahua with an estimated population of 1,512,354. ... For other uses, see Chihuahua (disambiguation). ... Comarca Lagunera is the 8th largest metropolitan area in Mexico, and is located between two states, Coahuila and Durango. ... Coahuila (formal name: Coahuila de Zaragoza) is one of Mexicos 31 component states. ... Durango (IPA pronunciation ) is one of the constituent states of Mexico. ... Greater San Luis Potosí is the urban conglomerated which results of the fusion of the cities of San Luis Potosí and Soledad with other comunities around the zone. ... The Mexican state of San Luis Potosí has an area of 62,848 km² (24,266 mi²). It is in the north-central part of the Mexican republic, bordered by the states of Jalisco, Guanajuato, Querétaro, Hidalgo, Veracruz, Tamaulipas, Nuevo León, Coahuila, and Zacatecas. ... The Mexican Federal District, known in Spanish as Distrito Federal (D.F.), is an area within Mexico that is not part of any of the Mexican states, but an independent self-governing city-state and the seat of the Federal Government. ... The United Mexican States are a federation made up by thirty-one free and sovereign states. ... The United Mexican States. ... Federal districts are subdivisions of a federal system of government. ... The state of Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave is one of the 31 states that compose Mexico (does not include the Mexican Federal District). ... Jalisco is one of the states of the United Mexican States (Mexico). ... The Mexican state of Puebla is located in the center of the country, to the east of Mexico City. ...

The five most populated municipalities are Ecatepec de Morelos (1.660 million), Guadalajara (1.601 million), Puebla (1.486 million), Tijuana (1.410 million) and León (1.254 million).^[4] Ecatepec de Morelos is part the conurbation around Mexico City (the Greater Mexico City, more properly called the Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico), which also includes the seventh most populated municipality, Nezahualcóyotl (1.140 million). Greater Mexico City had a total population of 19.25 million in 2005. Municipalities in Central Mexico are usually coextensive with the cities (as is the case of Guadalajara, Puebla and León), whereas municipalities in Northern and Southeastern Mexico are much larger and usually contain more than one city or town that may not necessarily conform a single urban agglomeration (as is the case of Tijuana). Seal of the municipal government Ecatepec de Morelos is a municipio in the the State of México, its seat is San Cristóbal Ecatepec de Morelos. ... Nickname: City of Roses Western Pearl Coordinates: Country Mexico State Jalisco Boroughs Guadalajara Zapopan Tlaquepaque Tonala Tlajomulco de Zuñiga Foundation 1542 Mayor Ernesto A. Espinosa Guarro Area    - City 187. ... The city of Puebla – known more formally as Heróica Puebla de Zaragoza or less formally as La Angelópolis or Puebla de los Ángeles – is the capital and largest city of the Mexican state of the same name, and the fourth largest city in Mexico, after Mexico City, Guadalajara... Tijuana (Spanish [tixwana], English usually [ËŒtiːəˈwÉ‘nÉ™]), is the largest city in the Mexican state of Baja California and the seat of the municipality of Tijuana of which the current municipal president is Jorge Hank Rhon of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). ... Calle Madero Plaza de los Leones Arco de la Calzada The city of León – officially named León de los Aldama – is the fifth most populous city in Mexico and the largest city in the state of Guanajuato; it is also the seat of León municipality. ... Greater Mexico City refers to the conurbation around Mexico City, oficially called Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México or ZMCM (Metropolitan Zone of Mexico City) in Mexico. ... Nezahualcóyotl (also: Ciudad Nezahualcóyotl or Ciudad Neza, which is strictly the name of the municipal seat; informally: mi Nezota) is a municipality of the State of México adjacent to the eastern fringe of Mexicos Federal District: it is thus part of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The five most populous metropolitan areas in Mexico are: Greater Mexico City, Greater Guadalajara, Greater Monterrey, Greater Puebla and Greater Toluca, whose added population is equivalent to 30% of the nation's population. Intense population growth in the Northern states, especilaly in the US-Mexican border, changed the country's demographic profile in the second half of the 20th century since the 1967 US-Mexico maquiladora agreement through which all products manufactured in the border cities could be imported duty-free to the US. Since NAFTA, however, in which all products are allowed to be imported duty free regardless of their origin within Mexico, non-border maquiladora share of exports has increased while that of border cities has decreased.^[5] allowing for the growth of middle-size cities in different regions in Mexico Greater Mexico City refers to the conurbation around Mexico City, oficially called Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México or ZMCM (Metropolitan Zone of Mexico City) in Mexico. ... The Guadalajara Metropolitan Area (Spanish: Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara) is the most populous metropolitan area of the Mexican state of Jalisco and the second largest in the country after Mexico City. ... The Monterrey metropolitan area refers to the conurbation around the city of Monterrey, officially called Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de Monterrey or ZMM (English: Metropolitan Zone of Monterrey). ... Aerial view of the Metropolitan area of Puebla, towards Tlaxcala The Metropolitan area of Puebla or Greater Puebla is the fourth largest agglomeration in Mexico with a population of 2. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ...

Ethnography

Mestizos

Since its independence, Mexico has defined itself as a mestizo nation, redefining the Spanish Conquest of the Amerindian population as the "painful birth of the Mexican people". As such, the "mestizo" concept has become the identity and culture of the independent country. As an ethnic group, mestizos constitute officially 65-75% of Mexico's population. Other international organizations prefer a lower percentage, close to 60%, that allows for a categorization of 30% of predominantly Amerindians. The majority of Mexicans living in other countries, such as the US claimed more Amerindian ancestry, or considerably are "Mestizo". This article or section is incomplete and may require expansion and/or cleanup. ...

Native Amerindians

Main article: Indigenous peoples of Mexico Mayas at San Juan Chamula, Chiapas Mexico has defined itself, in the second article of its constitution, as a pluricultural nation, in recognition of the diverse ethnic groups that constitute it. ...

According to official statistics, Native Amerindian peoples make up 12% (a little more than 12 million, as of 2000) of the population, though only half of them (6% of the population) still speak an indigenous language, (as reported by the Commission for the Development of the Indigenous Peoples or CDI). While it has been a common misconception, the government does not define race on the basis of language, though it puts a strong emphasis on culture. Other organizations prefer to report a 30% of predominantly Amerindians (like the CIA World Factbook), given the fact that assimilated Amerindians (through the so-called "Hispanization" of the indigenous peoples) might have been considered mestizos. Therefore, there is no precise statistic on the mestizo population, which varies from 60% to 75%, depending on which source and which definition (pure or predominant) is used. The majority of recent waves of Mexican immigration into the US is widely said to be of Amerindian origin and came from poor rural interior areas^{[citation needed]}. This article is about the year 2000. ... Mexico has a surprising lingusitic diversity; apart from Spanish, the government recognizes 62 Indigenous Amerindian languages as national languages. ... The World Factbook 2006 (government edtion) cover. ... The term indigenous peoples has no universal, standard or fixed definition, but can be used about any ethnic group who inhabit the geographic region with which they have the earliest historical connection. ...

According to the CDI, Amerindians of Maya origin are majority in the state of Yucatán. Official statistics of the CDI are:^[6] Yucatán is the name of one of the 31 states of Mexico, located on the north of the Yucatán Peninsula. ...

• Yucatán, 59% of the state's population is of Amerindian origin
• Oaxaca, 48%
• Quintana Roo, 39%
• Chiapas, 28%
• Campeche, 27%
• Hidalgo, 24%
• Puebla, 19%
• Guerrero, 17%
• San Luis Potosí, 15%
• Veracruz, 15%

Yucatán is the name of one of the 31 states of Mexico, located on the north of the Yucatán Peninsula. ... Catedral de Santo Domingo The Free and Sovereign State of Oaxaca or simply Oaxaca   is one of the 31 states of Mexico, located in the southern part of Mexico, west of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. ... Quintana Roo is a state of Mexico, on the eastern part of the Yucatán Peninsula. ... Chiapas is a state in the southeast of Mexico. ... The State of Campeche was long a part of Yucatán and shared its history through the mid 19th century. ... Hidalgo is a state in central Mexico, with an area of 20,502 km². In 2000 the state had a population of some 2,231,000 people. ... The Mexican state of Puebla is located in the center of the country, to the east of Mexico City. ... Guerrero is a state in the United Mexican States. ... The Mexican state of San Luis Potosí has an area of 62,848 km² (24,266 mi²). It is in the north-central part of the Mexican republic, bordered by the states of Jalisco, Guanajuato, Querétaro, Hidalgo, Veracruz, Tamaulipas, Nuevo León, Coahuila, and Zacatecas. ... The state of Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave is one of the 31 states that compose Mexico (does not include the Mexican Federal District). ...

Europeans

Between 9%^[7] to 15%^[8] of the population, primarily located in Mexico City, followed by Northern states of Jalisco, Sonora, Sinaloa, Coahuila, Tamaulipas, Durango, Nuevo León, Zacatecas and Chihuahua and other large metropolitan areas, would be classified as White. Most of these are criollos, the relatively unmixed descendants of Spanish colonists; however, other settlers arrived during the Mexican Empire period in the 19th century, including mostly French, then Italians during the government of Porfirio Díaz; White Americans, Yugoslavians, Armenians and Germans arrived in Mexico after World War I. During the 1930s many Spanish refugees fleeing the Spanish Civil War arrived, mostly in Mexico City. Polish, Portuguese, Romanian and Russian (Guadalupe, Baja California) refugees, Ashkenazic Jews among them, also settled during the war. The European Jewish immigrants joined the Sephardic community that had lived in Mexico since the Spanish Inquisition, the highest density are in Monterrey and Matamoros, Tamaulipas. It has been suggested that Mexican Federal District be merged into this article or section. ... Jalisco is one of the states of the United Mexican States (Mexico). ... Sonora is a state in northwestern Mexico, bordering the states of Chihuahua to the east, Sinaloa to the south, and Baja California to the northwest. ... Sinaloa is bordered by the states of Sonora to the north, Chihuahua to the northeast, Durango to the east, and Nayarit to the south. ... Coahuila (formal name: Coahuila de Zaragoza) is one of Mexicos 31 component states. ... Tamaulipas is a state in the northeast of Mexico. ... Durango (IPA pronunciation ) is one of the constituent states of Mexico. ... Nuevo León (Spanish for New León, after the former kingdom in Spain) is a state located in north-eastern Mexico. ... Zacatecas is one of the 31 constituent states of Mexico. ... For other uses, see Chihuahua (disambiguation). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Criollo, in the Spanish colonial Castas (caste system) of Latin America, was a person born in the Spanish colonies deemed to have Pureza de Sangre (Spanish for Purity of Blood) in respect to the individuals European ancestry. ... The Mexican Empire was the name of Mexico on two non-consecutive occasions in the 19th century when it was ruled by an Emperor. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mory (15 September 1830 – 2 July 1915), Mexican war volunteer and French intervention hero; later President. ... The term White American refers primarily to Americans of European descent residing in the United States. ... ... Combatants Allied Powers: Russian Empire France British Empire Italy United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary German Empire Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Commanders Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Georges Clemenceau Joseph Joffre Ferdinand Foch Herbert Henry Asquith Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna Armando Diaz Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Franz... Combatants Spanish Republic With the support of: Soviet Union International Brigades Spanish Nationalists With the support of: Fascist Italy Nazi Germany Commanders Manuel Azaña Francisco Largo Caballero Juan Negrín Francisco Franco Gonzalo Queipo de Llano Emilio Mola Casualties 500,000 – 1,000,000 The Spanish Civil War, which... Valle de Guadalupe (Valley of Guadalupe) is a village located in the municipio of Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico 14 miles North of the town of Ensenada at 32°4′ N 116°35′ W. History The town was founded in 1834 by Dominican order priest as Misión de Nuestra Se... Ashkenazi (אַשְׁכֲּנָזִי, Standard Hebrew Aškanazi, Tiberian Hebrew ʾAškănāzî) Jews or Ashkenazic Jews, also called Ashkenazim (אַשְׁכֲּנָזִי&#1501... For other uses, see Jew (disambiguation). ... In the strictest sense, a Sephardi (ספרדי, Standard Hebrew Səfardi, Tiberian Hebrew Səp̄ardî; plural Sephardim: ספרדים, Standard Hebrew Səfardim, Tiberian Hebrew Səp̄ardîm) is a Jew original to the... The Spanish Inquisition was established in 1478 by Ferdinand and Isabella to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in their kingdoms and was under the direct control of the Spanish monarchy. ... This article is about the Mexican city; for other uses, see Monterrey (disambiguation). ... Matamoros is a city in the north of the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. ...

A Mexican mennonite

Also of note are colonies of Mormons, Mennonites and Molokans, mainly in the northern states of Chihuahua and Durango. British and Irish immigrants also settled, mainly in mining areas and had many descendants in the Mexican government (like former president Vicente Fox had Irish ancestry), as well as French and Italian settlers in Santa Rosalía, Baja California Sur and Anglo-American settlers in Guerrero Negro, Baja California Sur, once called "New America" on many oceanic navigation maps in the early 1800s. Greek immigration has been important as well, especially in the state of Sinaloa and its capital Culiacán, where thousands still live; and a large Germanic imprint remains evident in cultural influences in the Monterrey and Matamoros areas. Mexican regional music such as Norteno are heavily influenced by European polka or folk music developed and popularized in Northern Mexico. Also to note thousands of refugees from Native American tribes from the US: Apache, Cherokee, Choctaw, Comanche, Kickapoo, Muscogee and Shawnee (they are often mistaken as Anglo-Americans due to their cultural contacts with the US) live in the states of Coahuila and Nuevo Leon since the late 19th century. Large colonies of US expatriates are found on the border, but remained a minuscule percentage of the country's population at one percent (over one million). Due to acculturation of descendants of Anglo-Americans, a Mexican citizen of Anglo-American descent wouldn't be referred to as "Anglos" to most Americans, but as Hispanic, Latino or "Mexican" in the US. Image File history File linksMetadata Menonita_mexicano. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Menonita_mexicano. ... The Salt Lake Temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the largest attraction in the citys Temple Square. ... The Mennonites are a group of Christian Anabaptist denominations based on the teachings and tradition of Menno Simons. ... The Molokans (Russian: ) are a Biblically-centered sectarian religious movement, among Russian peasants (serfs), who broke away from the Russian Orthodox Church in the 1550s. ... For other uses, see Chihuahua (disambiguation). ... Durango (IPA pronunciation ) is one of the constituent states of Mexico. ... Vicente Fox Quesada[1] (born July 2, 1942) served as President of Mexico from December 1, 2000 to December 1, 2006. ... Santa Rosalía is a city located on the Baja California peninsula, in the northern part of the state of Baja California Sur, Mexico. ... Sinaloa is bordered by the states of Sonora to the north, Chihuahua to the northeast, Durango to the east, and Nayarit to the south. ... Location in the State of Sinaloa. ... Norteño (Spanish: northern) has several meanings in English usage: A member of one of several affiliated street gangs of Mexican origin that operate in the United States. ... It has been suggested that Traditional Apache scout be merged into this article or section. ... For other uses, see Cherokee (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Choctaw (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Comanche (disambiguation). ... For the Tenacious D song, see Kickapoo. ... The Creek are an American Indian people originally from the southeastern United States, also known by their original name Muscogee (or Muskogee), the name they use to identify themselves today. ... The Shawnee, or Shawano, are a people native to North America. ... For other uses, see United States (disambiguation) and US (disambiguation). ... The Hispanic world. ... Latino (and the form Latina for females), as used in American English, generally refers to a United States national of Latin American descent, especially Hispanic American heritage. ...

Middle Easterners and Asians

Mexicans of Lebanese and Turkish descent are present in large numbers (Tampico has one of the highest concentration of Lebanese Mexicans), some Chinese and Filipinos arrived from the Philippines in colonial times. During the period of Asian Exclusion from the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, many Chinese, Japanese, and Korean immigrants settled in northern and western Mexico, especially Baja California. Mexicali is known for its relatively prominent concentration of people of Chinese descent. There are also Jewish Mexicans of Lebanese, Turkish or other Mediterranean descent, with common ancestral roots in Spain, and speak Ladino, which is closely related to Spanish. Also in the last couple of years there have been hundreds of Chinese, Filipinos and Southeast Asians immigrated to the states of Sinaloa, Sonora and Baja California for its great agriculture, sometimes Asian immigrants are en route to the more prosperous US border cities. Tampico bridge (finished in October 1988) links the states of Tamaulipas and Veracruz and is a major element in the Gulf of Mexico highway system. ... Baja California (literally lower California in Spanish) is the northernmost state of Mexico. ... now. ... For other uses, see Jew (disambiguation). ... This article deals with the Judaeo-Spanish language. ...

Africans

Since colonial times, when thousands of Africans were brought as slaves, Mexico has had a significant number of people of black-African descent. Today Afro-Mexicans of relatively unmixed black-African ancestry, as well as Zambos and mulattos, represent only about 0.5% of the population ^{[citation needed]}, due to higher birth-rates amongst the other groups as well as their continued absorption into the general population. Look up black in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... World map showing location of Africa A satellite composite image of Africa Africa is the worlds second_largest continent in both area and population, after Asia. ... The term Afro-Mexican (Spanish: afromexicano) refers to Mexican citizens who are black or of African descent. ... A representation of Zambos in Pintura de Castas during the Latin American colonial period. ... Dame Kelly Holmes is half Black (Jamaican) and half White (English). ...

Most of African Mexicans live in the states of Veracruz, Oaxaca, Guerrero, Michoacan, and Yucatán. Major populations also exist in Mexico's larger cities, such as Mexico City, Guadalajara, Monterrey, and Tijuana; there are also concentrated populations of African Mexicans in towns such as Arenal (in Jalisco), etc. In addition to those present since the colonial era, many African-Americans seeking to escape racial discrimination in the United States during the early 20th century emigrated to Mexico. Colonies of Afro-Mexicans of US American origin are found in the Mexicali valley south of the border and the Mexican bank of the Rio Grande valley. ^{[citation needed]}. The state of Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave is one of the 31 states that compose Mexico (does not include the Mexican Federal District). ... Catedral de Santo Domingo The Free and Sovereign State of Oaxaca or simply Oaxaca   is one of the 31 states of Mexico, located in the southern part of Mexico, west of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. ... Guerrero is a state in the United Mexican States. ... Other Mexican States Capital Morelia Other major cities Lázaro Cárdenas list of municipalities Area 59,928 km² Ranked 16th Population (2000 census) 3,979,180 Ranked 7th Governor (2002-08) Lázaro Cárdenas Batel (PRD) Federal Deputies (13) PRD = 9 PRI = 2 PAN = 1 disputed = 1 Federal... Yucatán is the name of one of the 31 states of Mexico, located on the north of the Yucatán Peninsula. ... It has been suggested that Mexican Federal District be merged into this article or section. ... Nickname: City of Roses Western Pearl Coordinates: Country Mexico State Jalisco Boroughs Guadalajara Zapopan Tlaquepaque Tonala Tlajomulco de Zuñiga Foundation 1542 Mayor Ernesto A. Espinosa Guarro Area    - City 187. ... Nickname: The City of the Mountains Motto: El Trabajo templa el Espíritu Location of Monterrey in northern Mexico Coordinates: Country Mexico State Nuevo León Founded 20 September 1596  - Mayor Adalberto Madero (PAN) Area    - City 572 km² Elevation 537 m Population (2005)  - City 1,133,814  - Density 1,989... Tijuana (Spanish [tixwana], English usually [ËŒtiːəˈwÉ‘nÉ™]), is the largest city in the Mexican state of Baja California and the seat of the municipality of Tijuana of which the current municipal president is Jorge Hank Rhon of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). ... African Americans, also known as Afro-Americans or black Americans, are an ethnic group in the United States of America whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Sub-Saharan and West Africa. ... now. ... Río Bravo redirects here. ...

Foreigners in Mexico

During the 1970s and 1980s Mexico opened its doors to immigrants from Latin America, mainly political refugees from Argentina, Chile, Cuba, Peru, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela and Central America. The PRI governments in power for most of the 20th century had a policy of granting asylum to fellow Latin Americans fleeing political persecution in their home countries. A second wave of immigrants has come to Mexico as a result of the economic crises experienced by some countries in the region. The Argentine community is quite significant estimated to be somewhere between 30,000 and 150,000.^{[9] [10]} Map of Central America Central America is the central geographic region of the Americas. ... The Institutional Revolutionary Party (Spanish: Partido Revolucionario Institucional or PRI) is a Mexican political party that wielded hegemonic power in the country – under a succession of names – for more than 70 years. ...

Mexico is also the country where the largest number of American citizens live abroad. The American Citizens Abroad Association has estimated that a little more than one million Americans live in Mexico (which represent 1% of the population in Mexico and 25% of all American citizens living abroad).^[11] This immigration phenomenon could well be explained by the interaction of both countries under NAFTA, but also by the fact that Mexico has become a popular destination for retirees, especially the small towns: just in the State of Guanajuato, in San Miguel de Allende and its environs, 200,000 Americans have their residence.^[12] Nafta or NAFTA may refer to: an acronym for the North American Free Trade Agreement an acronym for the New Zealand Australia Free Trade Agreement the town/Tokyo of Nafta, Tunisia This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... Panoramic view of San Miguel de Allende. ...

Immigration, on a much smaller scale from countries outside of Latin America, continues in Mexico. In many cases, Asians and Eastern Europeans settle in major cities and in border towns close to the US economy. Mexican immigration law has no serious restrictions for emigrants from the US, Canada, Spain and the Philippines by treaties with these countries in the 1960s^{[citation needed]}.

Languages

Main article: Languages of Mexico Nahuatl ) and its variant spellings is a term applied to some members of the Aztecan or Nahuan sub-branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family, indigenous to central Mexico. ... Yukatek Maya (in the revised orthography of the Academia de Lenguas Mayas, now preferred by scholars; also frequently Yucatec) is a Mayan language spoken in the Yucatán Peninsula, northern Belize and parts of Guatemala. ... Map showing Mexican indigenous languages with more than 100. ... The Zapotec languages are a family of languages spoken by the Zapotec. ... Tzotzil is a Mayan language spoken in Chiapas, Mexico. ... Tzeltal is a Maya language spoken in Chiapas, Mexico. ... Mexico has a surprising lingusitic diversity; apart from Spanish, the government recognizes 62 Indigenous Amerindian languages as national languages. ...

The most important and de-facto official language in Mexico is Spanish. The Law of Linguistic Rights, published in 2001, declared the 62 indigenous languages spoken in Mexico as "national languages" with the "same validity" in the territories where they are spoken. The indigenous language with the greatest number of speakers is Nahuatl (1,5% of the nation's population), followed by Yucatec Maya (0,8%) mainly spoken in Chiapas, Oaxaca and the Yucatan Peninsula. IN Mexico City and other major cities after half a century of rural-to-urban migration, large districts and sections have Amerindian languages written and heard, along with the mainstream dialect known as Mexican Spanish. Look up De facto in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Nahuatl is a native language of central Mexico. ... Yucatec Maya is a Maya language spoken in the Yucatan Peninsula, northern Belize and parts of Guatemala. ... The Yucatán Peninsula separates the Caribbean Sea from the Gulf of Mexico. ...

During the first half of the 20th century the government promoted a policy of castellanización, that is, promoting the use of Spanish as a way to integrate indigenous peoples into the Mexican society. However, this policy changed, and since the 1980s the government sponsors bilingual and intercultural education in all indigenous communities. This policy has mainly been successful in large communities with a significant amount of speakers while some languages, with less than 1,000 speakers are still facing extinction. Mexican Spanish has a great variety of dialects, accents and variations from one region to another, and changes in state by state.

The second most spoken language in Mexico, however, is English used extensively at the border areas, tourist centers and large metropolitan areas, a phenomenon arguably caused by the economic integration of North American under NAFTA as well as the immigration phenomenon and the return of workers and their families form the United States. In recent decades, Mexican Spanish is being enhanced by mass media, high technology and globalization led by the US and the English language is widely encouraged for Mexican professionals to succeed in the work world. In border cities, American TV and radio waves in English (and Spanish) are received as much Spanish-speaking radio and TV stations from Mexico on the US side of the border, thus a bilingual cross-cultural exchange is at work. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Nafta or NAFTA may refer to: an acronym for the North American Free Trade Agreement an acronym for the New Zealand Australia Free Trade Agreement the town/Tokyo of Nafta, Tunisia This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ...

Map of the national indigenous languages with more than 100,000 speakers

From the languages brought by immigrants the Venetian of Chipilo and plautdietsch German are spoken in isolated communities. Other European languages spoken in Mexico are French, German and Russian. Even though some of these may have a greater number of speakers than the national languages, they are not recognized by the government. Mexican laws long regulated the use of foreign languages in business storefronts, road signs, billboards, newspapers and TV or radio commercials, in order to promote more fluency in Spanish or keep the official "common" language from declined usage. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1350x909, 207 KB) Mapa de ubicación de las lenguas indígenas de México, que poseen más de 100 mil hablantes al año 2000. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1350x909, 207 KB) Mapa de ubicación de las lenguas indígenas de México, que poseen más de 100 mil hablantes al año 2000. ... Venetian could mean of Venice of the venetia territory of the Republic of Venice of the venet nation the Venetian language The Venetian, a hotel and casino in Las Vegas, Nevada A venetian blind - a horizontally slatted window blind. ... Chipilo is a small city in the state of Puebla, Mexico. ... Plautdietsch, or Mennonite Low German, is a language spoken by the Mennonites, who are ethnically Dutch, but who adopted an East Low German dialect while they were refugees in the Vistula delta area of Royal Prussia (later the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth), beginning in the early-to-mid 1500s. ...

CIA statistics

Population growth rate: 1.16% (2006 est.)

Birth rate: 20.69 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Death rate: 4.74 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Net migration rate: -4.32 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female
total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Infant mortality rate:
total: 20.26 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 22.19 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 18.24 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 75.41 years
male: 72.63 years
female: 78.33 years (2006 est.)

Total fertility rate: 2.42 children born/woman (2006 est.)

Nationality:
noun: Mexican(s)
adjective: Mexican

Ethnic groups: Mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 60%, Amerindian or predominantly Amerindian 30%, white 9%, other 1% (Afro-Mexican, Middle Eastern, and Asians like the Chinese). The term Afro-Mexican (Spanish: afromexicano) refers to Mexican citizens who are black or of African descent. ...

Religions: Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 6%, other 5% (Mormon, small groups of Judaism, Islam and Eastern religions, and small followings of Amerindian spiritualism).

Languages: Spanish (official), Nahuatl, various Maya, and other indigenous languages. English, as well as French is studied and understood by upper-and middle-class Mexicans. Nahuatl is a native language of central Mexico. ... Maya language may refer to: generally, any one of the various Mayan languages, a related group of languages spoken by the Maya peoples of Mesoamerica specifically, Yukatek (Yucatec) Maya language is frequently referred to simply as Maya language Maya language (Brazil), an unclassified language of Brazil that may be related...

Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 92.2%
male: 94%
female: 90.5% (2003 est.)

References

External links

• UN: Fertility in Mexico: Trends and Forecasts
• (Spanish) Mexico population bureau CONAPO
• (Spanish) Mexican government fertility calculation since 1976
• (Spanish) The Amerindian population in Mexico is 12.7 million