NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Denim

Denim, in American usage since the late eighteenth century, ^[1] denotes a rugged cotton twill textile, in which the weft passes under two (twi- "double") or more warp fibers, producing the familiar diagonal ribbing identifiable on the reverse of the fabric, which distinguishes denim from cotton duck. A popular conception of the etymology of the word denim is that it is a contraction or derivative of the French term, serge de Nîmes.^[2] Denim was traditionally colored blue with indigo dye to make blue "jeans," though "jean" then denoted a different, lighter cotton textile; the contemporary use of jean comes from the French word for Genoa, Italy (Gênes), from which the first denim trousers were made. Denim are the brainchild of the frontman of 1980s post-punk outfit Felt, Lawrence Hayward (more commonly known as just Lawrence). Teaming glam rock with cutting and humorous lyrics, Denims brash ways differed greatly from Felt. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Closeup_of_copper_rivet_on_jeans. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Closeup_of_copper_rivet_on_jeans. ... For other uses, see Cotton (disambiguation). ... A twill weave can easily be identified by its diagonal lines. ... For other uses, see Textile (disambiguation). ... WEFT Champaign 90. ... WaRp. ... Cotton duck (from Dutch doek,linen canvas), also simply duck, sometimes duck cloth or duck canvas is a heavy cotton fabric. ... NÃ®mes (ProvenÃ§al Occitan: Nimes in both classical and Mistralian norms) is a city and commune of southern France. ... Indigo dye indigo molecule Indigo dye is an important dyestuff with a distinctive blue color (see indigo). ... Blue Jeans (Levis 506) Jeans are trousers traditionally made from denim, but may also be made from a variety of fabrics including corduroy. ... For other uses, see Genoa (disambiguation). ...

A similarly woven traditional American cotton textile is the diagonal warp-striped hickory cloth that was once associated with railroadmen's overalls, in which blue or black contrasting with undyed white threads form the woven pattern. Hickory cloth was characterized as being as rugged as hickory wood—not to mention the fact that it was deemed to be worn mainly by "hicks"—although neither may be the origin of that term [from a nickname for "Richard"]. Records of a group of New Yorkers headed for the California gold fields in 1849 show that they took along four "hickory shirts" apiece. Hickory cloth would later furnish the material for some "fatigue" pantaloons and shirts in the American Civil War. Species See text Comparison of Carya nuts Ripe hickory nuts ready to fall, Andrews, SC Hickory is a tree of the genus Carya, including 17-19 species of deciduous trees with pinnately compound leaves and large nuts. ... Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total...

The word dungarees, to identify heavy cotton pants such as overalls can be traced to a thick cotton country-made cloth, Dongari Kapar, which was sold in the quarter contiguous to the Dongari Killa, the fort of what was then known as Bombay (Hobson Johnson Dictionary). The word entered English with just this meaning in 1696 (OED). Dongri Fort was rebuilt in 1769 as Fort George, Bombay, where the first cotton mill was established in 1854. Dyed in indigo, the traditional cloth was used by Portuguese sailors and cut wide so that the legs could be swiftly rolled up when necessary. Thus, dungarees have a separate history. This article or section should be merged with Mumbai Mumbai (previously known as Bombay) is the worlds most populous conurbation, and is the sixth most populous agglomeration in the world. ... OED stands for Oxford English Dictionary Office of Enrollment & Discipline This page concerning a three-letter acronym or abbreviation is a disambiguation page â€” a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

Dry denim

Dry denim, as opposed to washed denim, is a denim fabric that is not washed after being dyed during its production. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 430 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (1045 Ã— 1458 pixel, file size: 232 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Levis 514 Rigid dry denim jeans. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 430 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (1045 Ã— 1458 pixel, file size: 232 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Levis 514 Rigid dry denim jeans. ... For other uses, see Textile (disambiguation). ...

Most denim is washed after being crafted into an article of clothing in order to make it softer and to eliminate any shrinkage which could cause an item to not fit after the owner washes it. In addition to being washed, non-dry denim is sometimes artificially "distressed" to achieve a worn-in look.

Much of the appeal of dry denim lies in the fact that with time the fabric will fade in a manner similar to factory distressed denim. With dry denim, however, such fading is affected by the body of the person who wears the jeans and the activities of their daily life. This creates what many enthusiasts feel to be a more natural, unique look than pre-distressed denim.

To facilitate the natural distressing process, some wearers of dry denim will often abstain from washing their jeans for more than six months^[3], though it is not a necessity for fading.

Predominantly found in premium denim lines, dry denim represents a small niche in the overall market.

Selvage denim

Selvage denim (sometimes called selvedge denim) is a type of denim which forms a clean natural edge that does not unravel. It is commonly presented in the unwashed or raw state. Typically, the selvage edges will be located along the outseam of the pants, making it visible when cuffs are worn. Although selvage denim is not completely synonymous with unwashed denim, the presence of selvage typically implies that the denim used is a higher quality. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 533 pixelsFull resolution (2000 Ã— 1333 pixel, file size: 403 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Selvage denim on a pair of Cheap Monday jeans. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 533 pixelsFull resolution (2000 Ã— 1333 pixel, file size: 403 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Selvage denim on a pair of Cheap Monday jeans. ...

The word "selvage" comes from the phrase "self-edge" and denotes denim made on old-style shuttle looms. These looms weave fabric with one continuous cross thread (the weft) that is passed back and forth all the way down the length of the bolt. As the weft loops back into the edge of the denim it creates this “self-edge” or Selvage. Selvage is desirable because it can’t fray like lower grade denims that have separate wefts which leave an open edge that must be stitched. Shuttle looming is a more time-consuming weaving process that produces denim of a tighter weave resulting in a heavier weight fabric that lasts. The Selvage of a piece of curtain fabric. ... WEFT Champaign 90. ...

Shuttle looms weave a more narrow piece of fabric, and thus a longer piece of fabric is required to make a pair of jeans (approximately 3 yards). To maximize yield, traditional jean makers use the fabric all the way to the selvage edge. When the cuff is turned up the two selvage edges, where the denim is sewn together, can be seen. The selvage edge is usually stiched with colored thread: green, white, brown, yellow, and red (red is the most common). Fabric mills used these colors to differentiate between fabrics.

Most selvage jeans today are dyed with synthetic indigo, but natural indigo dye is available in smaller niche denim labels. Loop dying machines feed a rope of cotton yarn through vats of indigo dye and then back out. The dye is allowed to oxidize before the next dip. Multiple dips create a deep dark indigo blue. Indigo is the color on the spectrum between about 450 and 420 nm in wavelength, placing it between blue and violet. ...

In response to increased demand for jeans in the 1950's, American denim manufacturers replaced the old shuttle style looms with modern projectile looms. The new looms produced fabric faster and wider (60-inches or wider), yet lighter and less durable. Synthetic dyeing techniques along with post-dye treatments were introduced to control shrink and twist.

Raw selvage is material that has not been washed once undergoing the dying process. It especially desirable because the material will fade in the creases and folds of the jeans. This process is known as whiskering.^[4]

See also

Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wiktionary (a portmanteau of wiki and dictionary) is a multilingual, Web-based project to create a free content dictionary, available in over 150 languages. ... Denim is a shade of blue that resembles the shade of blue used in Denim. ... Designer jeans are high-fashion jeans that are marketed as status symbols. ... Blue Jeans (Levis 506) Jeans are trousers traditionally made from denim, but may also be made from a variety of fabrics including corduroy. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Stonewashed jeans. ...

Fits and types of jeans

A bootcut, alternatively spelled boot cut, this is a style of trouser and/or jeans that tapers to the knee and flares out to accommodate a boot. ... In fashion design, primarily in ready_to_wear lines, boyfriend is any style for womens clothing that was modified from a corresponding mens garment. ... Look up Flare in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Embroidery is an ancient variety of decorative needlework in which designs and pictures are created by stitching strands of some material on to a layer of another material. ... Skinny jeans are a style of jeans that have a snug fit all the way through the legs and end in a small leg opening. ... Normal may refer to: Normality in behavior Normal (mathematics) â€” disambiguation page for mathematics. ...

Denim clothing

For other uses, see Shorts (disambiguation). ... Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres depicts the Comtesse dHaussonville, wearing a dress. ... A jean skirt is a denim skirt modelled after the style of jeans. ... Business shirt A shirt is a piece of clothing for the trunk of the body. ... A jacket is a lightweight, sleeved thigh- or waist-length coat that may be worn by anyone, as jackets are now made for children, adults, the elderly, and even infants. ... Paper bag redirects here. ... Capri pants (often just called capris) are a style of trousers worn during the summer. ... Hot pants Japanese man wearing shorts. ... Daisy Duke, played by Catherine Bach, wearing Daisy Dukes. Daisy Dukes are extremely short, form-fitting, denim cut-off jeans shorts, usually portrayed as being worn by young women and girls in the American South. ...

Popular labels

Dry denim labels

APC is an abbreviation of: General A Perfect Circle, rock band Advanced process control Air Pollution Control in municipal solid waste incineration plants Angled Physical Contact Fiber Optic Connector Antipop Consortium, an alternative hip-hop group Armoured personnel carrier Armour-piercing capped shot and shell Automatic Passenger Counter Automatic Performance... Dior Homme is the menswear division of Chirstian Dior SA, the French clothing retailer. ... Levis is a brand of riveted denim jeans manufactured by Levi Strauss & Co. ... Lee is a famous brand of denim jeans founded in 1889, headquartered in Merriam, Kansas, and owned by the VF Corporation. ...

Notes

Serge is a type of twill fabric that has diagonal lines or ridges on both sides, made with a two-up, two-down weave. ...

External links

Categories: Woven fabrics | Jeans For other uses, see Textile (disambiguation). ... Barkcloth is a soft, thick, slightly textured fabric so named because it has a rough surface like that of tree bark. ... Batiste is the softest of the lightweight opaque fabrics. ... Bombazine, or bombasine, is a fabric originally made of silk or silk and wool, and now also made of cotton and wool or of wool alone. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Burlap is a dense woven fabric, usually made of jute and allied vegetable fibers. ... Buckram is available in many colors. ... Calico is a textile made from unbleached, and often not fully processed, cotton. ... Cambric is a lightweight cotton cloth used as fabric for lace and needlework. ... Look up Canvas in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Chambray is a commune of the Eure dÃ©partement in France. ... This page is a candidate to be copied to Wiktionary using the Transwiki process. ... Cheesecloth is a loosewoven cotton cloth, such as is used in pressing cheese curds. ... Chiffon, from the French word for Cloth, is a lightweight, balanced plain-woven sheer fabric woven of alternate S- and Z-twist crepe (high-twist) yarns. ... Chino cloth is a kind of twill fabric, usually made primarily from cotton. ... Cloth of gold is a fabric woven with a gold-wrapped or spun weft - referred to as a spirally spun gold strip. In most cases, the core yarn is silk wrapped with a band/ or strip of high content gold filÃ©. In rarer instances, fine linen and wool have been... Cotton duck (from Dutch doek,linen canvas), also simply duck, sometimes duck cloth or duck canvas is a heavy cotton fabric. ... Coutil (or Coutille) is woven twill cloth created specifically for making corsets. ... Crape (an anglicized version of the Fr. ... Dimity is a lightweight, sheer cotton fabric having at least two warp threads thrown into relief to form fine cords. ... Dowlas is the name given to a plain cloth, similar to sheeting, but usually coarser. ... Drill is a strong, durable cotton fabric with a strong bias (diagonal) in the weave. ... A foulard is a lightweight fabric, either twill or plain-woven, made of silk or a mix of silk and cotton. ... A young man wearing a tartan flannel shirt. ... Gabardine is a tough, tightly woven fabric used to make suits, overcoats and trousers, or a garment made from the material. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Gingham is a fabric made from dyed cotton yarn. ... Haircloth is a stiff, unsupple fabric typically made from horsehair and/or from the wooly hair of a camel. ... All Harris Tweed items are hand woven on the islands off the Northern coast of Scotland (outer Hebrides). ... Hodden is a coarse kind of cloth made of undyed wool, formerly much worn by the peasantry of Scotland. ... Irish linen is the brand name given to linen produced in Ireland. ... Jamdani is a kind of fine cloth made in Bangladesh. ... A man weaves kente cloth using a traditional loom in Bonwire village, Ashanti region, Ghana. ... LamÃ© is a type of fabric woven or knit with metallic yarns. ... Lawn cloth, Lawn is a plain weave cloth, produced from cotton. ... Linsey-Woolsey is a fabric that has been in use since colonial times. ... water resisting material for clothing made from sheep wool; usually green and used in bavarian traditional clothing. ... Madras is a lightweight cotton fabric with patterned texture, used primarily for summer clothing -- pants, shorts, dresses and jackets. ... Moleskin is made from moles. ... Muslin is a type of finely-woven cotton fabric, introduced to Europe from the Middle East in the 17th century. ... A sheer fabric of silk, rayon, or nylon made in a variety of tight smooth weaves or open lacy patterns. ... Oilskin jacket (left) and high trousers (right). ... Organdy is the sheerest cotton cloth made. ... Organza fabric Organza is a thin, plain weave, sheer fabric traditionally made from silk, the continuous filament of silkworms. ... Oxford refers to a type of weave employed to make the fabric in oxford shirts. ... Percale refers to a closely woven fabric often used for bed linens. ... Poplin, also called tabinet, is a heavy, durable fabric consisting of a silk warp with a weft of worsted yarn. ... Rep, Repp, or Reps is a cloth made of silk, wool, or cotton. ... Ripstop (also incorrectly called ripstock and also ribstock) is a woven fabric that has another type of single or double thread woven into it. ... Ripstop nylon is the primary material used in Hot air balloons Rip-stop Nylon is a light-weight, water-repellent nylon fabric with inter-woven ripstop reinforcement threads in a crosshatch pattern, so the material resists ripping or tearing. ... Russell cord is a corded fabric which is woven using equal quantities of cotton and wool. ... Sateen is a cotton fabric with a satin-like finish, often found in bed sheets. ... Satin used in bedding Look up Satin in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Scarlet was a type of fine and expensive woolen cloth common in mediaeval England. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Serge is a type of twill fabric that has diagonal lines or ridges on both sides, made with a two-up, two-down weave. ... Stuff was a type of coarse woven cloth manufactured in various places, formerly including Kidderminster. ... Taffeta (sometimes spelled taffety) is a crisp, smooth woven fabric made from silk or synthetic fibers. ... Tweed is a rough, unfinished woolen fabric, of a soft, open, flexible texture resembling cheviot or homespun, but more closely woven. ... A twill weave can easily be identified by its diagonal lines. ... Via Gellia is a steep sided wooded dry valley and road in Derbyshire. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 600 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (725 Ã— 725 pixel, file size: 1 MB, MIME type: image/png) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Brocade can stands for: thick heavy fabric into which raised patterns have been woven. ... Camlet, also commonly known as camelot or camblet, is a woven fabric that might have originally been made of camel or goats hair, now chiefly of goats hair and silk, or of wool and cotton. ... Italian silk damask, 1300s. ... Songket is fabric which belongs to the brocade family of textiles. ... Baize is a coarse woollen or cotton cloth, often coloured red or green. ... Chenille may refer to either a type of cored yarn or fabric made from it. ... Corduroy is a fabric composed of twisted fibers that when woven lie parallel (similar to twill) to one another to form the cloths distinct pattern, a cord. ... Fustian is a term for a variety of heavy woven cotton fabrics, chiefly prepared for menswear. ... Plush (from French peluche) is a textile fabric having a cut nap or pile the same as fustian or velvet. ... Polar fleece is a soft napped insulating synthetic wool fabric made from PET. It was created in 1979 by Malden Mills; it was a new, light and strong pile fabric meant to mimic and in some ways surpass wool. ... Terry cloth. ... Velours du KasaÃ¯ Velours du KasaÃ¯ (KasaÃ¯ velvet) is a kind of textile fabric made in Kasai, a province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (ZaÃ¯re). ... Swatch of black cotton velvet decorator fabric used for drapery Velvet is a type of tufted fabric in which the cut threads are very evenly distributed, with a short dense pile, giving it its distinct feel. ... Velveteen is a cotton cloth made in imitation of velvet. ... Zibeline is a thick, soft fabric with a long nap. ... A selection of 4 different felt cloths. ... Nonwoven textiles are those which are neither woven nor knit, for example felt. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... A modern industrial knitting machine in action The knitting machine, sometimes called knitting frame, knitting loom, or hand knitting machine, is used to produce knit fabrics on a fixed bed of hooked needles. ... Velour is a textile, a knitted counterpart of velvet. ... Net or netting is any textile in which the warp and weft yarns are looped or knotted at their intersections, resulting in a fabric with large open spaces between the yarns. ... Bobbinet is a specific type of tulle netting which has been made in the UK since the invention of the bobbinet machine in 1806 by John Heathcoat. ... Carbon fiber composite is a strong, light and very expensive material. ... This article is about the article of clothing. ... Lace appliquÃ© and bow at the bust-line of a nightgown. ... A mesh is similar to fabric or a web in that it has many connected or weaved pieces. ... Needlerun Net refers to a family of laces created by using a needle to embroider on a net ground. ... A sheer fabric of silk, rayon, or nylon made in a variety of tight smooth weaves or open lacy patterns. ... Tulle is a netting, which is often starched, made of various fibers, including silk, nylon, and rayon, that is most commonly used for veils, gowns (particularly wedding gowns) and ballet tutus. ... Gore-tex is a proprietary teflonized textile material owned by W.L. Gore & Associates. ... SmartWool is a company founded by ski instructors Peter and Patty Duke in New England in 1994 and acquired by the Timberland Company in 2005. ... Silnylon, a contraction of Silicone impregnated nylon, is a synthetic fabric used mainly in lightweight outdoor gear. ... Example of spandex Spandex or elastane is a synthetic fiber known for its exceptional elasticity (stretchability). ... SympaTex or Sympa-Tex or Sympatex is a textile trademark. ... A sample cross-stitch of a Welsh dresser Cross-stitch is a popular form of counted-thread embroidery in which X-shaped stitches are used to form a picture. ... Houndstooth is a duotone textile pattern, characterized by broken checks or abstract four-pointed shapes. ... Paisley wallpaper Paisley or Paisley pattern is a droplet-shaped vegetal motif of Persian origin, similar to half of the Yin yang symbol, or the leaf of the Indian bodhi tree or the mango tree. ... Several plaid patterns on modern day uniforms Plaid is a Scots language word meaning blanket, usually referring to patterned woollen cloth; it is unclear if the Gaelic word Plaide came first. ... Three examples of tartan. ... Toile is a type of decorating pattern, consisting of a white or off-white background on which a repeated pattern depicting a fairly complex scene, generally of a pastoral theme such as (for example) a couple having a picnic by a lake. ... An argyle sock The argyle (occasionally argyll) pattern is one containing diamonds in a diagonal checkerboard arrangement. ... Acrylic fibers are synthetic fibers made from a polymer with a weight average molecular weight of ~100,000. ... This article is about a breed of domesticated ungulates. ... Angora wool or Angora fiber refers to the downy coat produced by the Angora rabbit. ... For other uses, see Asbestos (disambiguation). ... Carbon fiber composite is a strong, light and very expensive material. ... Cashmere wool is wool obtained from the Cashmere goat and is also known as Pashmina. ... Catgut is the name applied to cord of great toughness and tenacity prepared from the intestines of sheep/goat, or occasionally from those of the hog, horse, mule, pig, and donkey. ... Binomial name Rupicapra rupicapra (Linnaeus, 1758) The chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) is a large, goat-like animal that lives in the European Alps and Carpathians. ... Coir (from Malayalam kayar, cord) is a coarse fibre extracted from the fibrous outer shell of a coconut. ... For other uses, see Cotton (disambiguation). ... U.S. Marihuana production permit. ... The word Jute is also used in reference to the Germanic people, the Jutes. ... Chemical structure of Kevlar. ... Torn linen cloth, recovered from the Dead Sea Linen is a material made from the fibers of the flax plant. ... Mohair is a silk-like fabric made from the hair of the Angora goat, not to be confused with the angora rabbit whose fur is called angora. ... For other uses of this word, see nylon (disambiguation). ... Microfibre is a term for fibres with strands thinner than one denier. ... A synonym for the more widely accepted term, alkene. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... SEM picture of a bend in a high surface area polyester fiber with a seven-lobed cross section Polyester is a category of polymers, or, more specifically condensation polymers, which contain the ester functional group in their main chain. ... PiÃ±a is a fiber derived from the leaves of a pineapple. ... Binomial name Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich. ... Rayon is a manufactured regenerated cellulosic fiber. ... For other uses of this word, see Silk (disambiguation). ... A tendon or sinew is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue, attached on one end to a muscle and on the other to a bone. ... Binomial name Agave sisalana Perrine Sisal or sisal hemp is an agave Agave sisalana that yields a stiff fiber used in making rope. ... Example of spandex Spandex or elastane is a synthetic fiber known for its exceptional elasticity (stretchability). ... Spider silk is a fibre secreted by spiders. ... Long and short hair wool at the South Central Family Farm Research Center in Boonesville, Arizona Wool is the fiber derived from the fur of animals and people of the Caprinae family, principally sheep, but the hair of certain species of other mammals such as goats and rabbits and oxes... This article is about the textile dyeing technique. ... BÃ²gÃ²lanfini (sometimes bogolan) is a traditional Malian fabric dyed with fermented mud, particularly associated with the Bambara. ... Fulling is a step in clothmaking which involves the cleansing of cloth (particularly wool) to get rid of oils, dirt, and other impurities. ... Mercerization is a treatment for cotton fabric and thread mostly employed to give cotton a lustrous appearance. ... Watered silk is a type of silk fabric which has been passed through a set of rollers as a fabric finishing process, to give the surface a moire pattern which looks like a water surface. ... Dyeing is the process of changing the colour of a yarn or cloth by treatment with a dye. ... Fiber or fibre[1] is a class o f materials that are continuous filaments or are in discrete elongated pieces, similar to lengths of thread. ... Textiles were invented in the Middle East during the late stone age. ... The history of silk begins, according to Chinese tradition, in the 27th century BC. The Chinese were able to continue making it exclusively for three millennia without ever divulging the secret process whereby it was made. ... For the record label, see Knitting Factory. ... The manufacture of textiles is one of the oldest of mans technologies. ... Textile manufacturing is one of the oldest of mans technologies. ... Ainu ceremonial dress on display under glass in the British Museum. ... Tweed loom, Harris, 2004 Woven sheet Weaving is an ancient textile art and craft that involves placing two sets of threads or yarn called the warp and weft of the loom and turning them into cloth. ... Yarn Spools of thread Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibers, suitable for use in the production of textiles, sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery and ropemaking. ...

Contents

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