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Encyclopedia > Dental click
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Reason: Occurrence section should conform to the agreed upon table format. See this link for the specific guidelines. .
"Tsk" redirects here. For other uses, see Tsk (disambiguation).
IPA – number 177
IPA – text ǀ
IPA – image {{{imagesize}}}
Entity ǀ
X-SAMPA |
Kirshenbaum t!
Sound sample (help· info)

The dental clicks are a family of click consonants found, as constituents of words, only in Africa and in the Damin ritual jargon of Australia. Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... Shortcut: WP:CU Marking articles for cleanup This page is undergoing a transition to an easier-to-maintain format. ... This Manual of Style has the simple purpose of making things easy to read by following a consistent format — it is a style guide. ... Tsk or TSK may refer to: Dental click, a sound used in English to express disapproval, often spelled as tsk or tut The Turkish Armed Forces, (Turkish: Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri) Traffic Security Key, used to control spread spectrum radios; see List of cryptographic key types In Halo: Combat Evolved... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... IPA symbols, detail from Image:Ipa-chart-consonants-nonpulmonic. ... HTML has been in use since 1991 (note that the W3C international standard is now XHTML), but the first standardized version with a reasonably complete treatment of international characters was version 4. ... The Extended SAM Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C. Wells, professor of phonetics at the University of London. ... Kirshenbaum, sometimes called ASCII-IPA, is a system used to represent the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) in ASCII. It was developed for Usenet, notably the newsgroups sci. ... Image File history File links Dental_click. ... Clicks are stops produced with two articulatory closures in the oral cavity. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... A secret language spoken in the Gulf of Carpentaria used in mens initiation rites. ...


The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the forward articulation of these sounds is ǀ. This must be combined with a symbol for the rear articulation to represent an actual speech sound. Attested dental clicks include: Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ...

  • [k͡ǀ] or [ǀ͡k] voiceless velar dental click (may also be aspirated, ejective, affricated, etc.)
  • [ɡ͡ǀ] or [ǀ͡ɡ] voiced velar dental click (may also be breathy voiced, affricated, etc.)
  • [ŋ͡ǀ] or [ǀ͡ŋ] nasal velar dental click (may also be voiceless, aspirated, etc.)
  • [q͡ǀ] or [ǀ͡q] voiceless uvular dental click
  • [ɢ͡ǀ] or [ǀ͡ɢ] voiceless uvular dental click (commonly prenasalized)
  • [ɴ͡ǀ] or [ǀ͡ɴ] nasal uvular dental click
  • [ǀ͡ʔ] glottalized dental click

The last is what is heard in the sound sample at right, as non-native speakers tend to glottalize clicks to avoid nasalizing them.


Prior to 1989, [ʇ] was an accepted IPA representation of the voiceless velar dental click.

Contents

Features

Features of dental clicks:

  • Their manner of articulation is click, which means they are produced with two articulatory closures in the oral cavity. The pocket of air trapped between the two closures is rarefied by a "sucking" action of the tongue. The release of the forward closure produces the 'click' sound. In the case of the dental clicks, the release is noisy, like an affricate, rather than sharp like a plosive. The rear closure may be a plosive, nasal, ejective, or affricate, and have any of several phonations.
  • The forward place of articulation is dental or alveolar and laminal, which means it is articulated with the blade of the tongue on the alveolar ridge or the upper teeth. The rear place of articulation may be either velar or uvular.
  • Dental clicks may be either oral or nasal, which means air is allowed to escape either through the mouth or the nose.
  • They are central consonants, which means they are produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
  • The airstream mechanism is velaric ingressive, which means it is produced by movement of air into the mouth by action of the tongue, rather than by the glottis or the lungs.

In linguistics, manner of articulation describes how the tongue, lips, and other speech organs involved in making a sound make contact. ... Clicks are stops produced with two articulatory closures in the oral cavity. ... Affricate consonants begin as stops (most often an alveolar, such as or ) but release as a fricative (such as or or, in a couple of languages, into a fricative trill) rather than directly into the following vowel. ... A stop or plosive or occlusive is a consonant sound produced by stopping the airflow in the vocal tract. ... In phonetics, phonation is the use of the laryngeal system to generate an audible source of acoustic energy, i. ... Places of articulation (passive & active): 1. ... Dentals are consonants such as t, d, n, and l articulated with either the lower or the upper teeth, or both, rather than with the gum ridge as in English. ... Alveolar consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge, which is called that because it contains the alveoli (the sockets) of the superior teeth. ... A laminal consonant is a phone produced by obstructing the air passage with the blade of the tongue, which is the flat top front surface just behind the tip of the tongue. ... An alveolar ridge is one of the two jaw ridges either on the roof of the mouth between the upper teeth and the hard palate or on the bottom of the mouth behind the lower teeth. ... Types of teeth Molars are used for grinding up foods Carnassials are used for slicing food. ... Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate (the back part of the roof of the mouth, known also as the velum). ... Uvulars are consonants articulated with the back of the tongue against or near the uvula, that is, further back in the mouth than velar consonants. ... An oral consonant is a consonant sound in speech that is made by allowing air to escape from the mouth. ... A nasal consonant is produced when the velum—that fleshy part of the palate near the back—is lowered, allowing air to escape freely through the nose. ... A central or medial consonant is a consonant sound that is produced when air flows across the center of the mouth over the tongue. ... In phonetics, initiation is the action by which an air-flow is created through the vocal tract. ... In phonetics, velaric ingressive is an airstream mechanism where a sound is produced by a closure of the velum (or soft palate) and other place of articulation in the front of the oral cavity (such as the alveolar ridge or the lips), and then sucking air in while simultaneously releasing... The space between the vocal cords is called the glottis. ... Human respiratory system The lungs flank the heart and great vessels in the chest cavity. ...

In English

English does not have the dental click (or any click consonant, for that matter) as a phoneme, but it does occur as an interjection, usually written tsk or tut (and often reduplicated tsk-tsk or tut-tut), used to express commiseration, disapproval, or irritation. Note, however, that while these words often represent a dental click and may be pronounced as such, they are also frequently pronounced as /tɪsk/ or /tʌt/, and in such cases cannot be said to be dental clicks. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... An interjection is a part of speech that usually has no grammatical connection to the rest of the sentence and simply expresses emotion on the part of the speaker, although most interjections have clear definitions. ... Reduplication, in linguistics, is a morphological process in which the root or stem of a word, or only part of it, is repeated. ...


In other languages

Dental clicks are common in Khoisan languages and the neighboring Nguni languages, such as Zulu and Xhosa. In the Nguni languages, the tenuis click is denoted by the letter c, the murmured click by gc, the aspirated click by ch, and the nasal click by nc. The prenasalized clicks are written ngc and nkc. The Khoisan languages (also Khoesaan languages) are the indigenous languages of southern and eastern Africa; in southern Africa their speakers are the Khoi and Bushmen (Saan). ... Zulu (called isiZulu in Zulu), is a language of the Zulu people with about 10 million speakers, the vast majority (over 95%) of whom live in South Africa. ... For the Xhosa people, see Xhosa. ... A tenuis consonant is one which is unvoiced and unaspirated. ... Breathy voice or murmured voice is a phonation in which the vocal folds are vibrating as in normal voicing, but the glottal closure is incomplete, so that the voicing is somewhat inefficient and air continues to leak between the vocal folds throughout the vibration cycle with audible friction noise. ... In phonetics, aspiration is the strong burst of air that accompanies the release of some obstruents. ... A nasal consonant is produced when the velum—that fleshy part of the palate near the back—is lowered, allowing air to escape freely through the nose. ...


The Cushitic language Dahalo has four clicks, all of them nasalized: [ŋ̊ǀ, ŋǀ, ŋ̊ǀʷ, ŋǀʷ]. Dahalo is an endangered South Cushitic language spoken by about 400 people in Kenya. ...


Hungarian does not have any click consonant as a phoneme, but the dental click does occur as an interjection, usually written cöccögés [cœc:œge:ʃ], used to express commiseration, disapproval, or irritation. German uses the dental click in the exact same way as English, though it is usually rendered ts or tss in writing.


Among Persian-speakers, including speakers of Dari and Tajiki, the dental click is used to denote a negative response to a "yes or no"-type question. The dental click is usually accompanied by an upward motion of the head. This use of the dental click can be found in some neighboring regions of the Middle East and Central Asia as well. Look up Persian in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Dari is a term used to denote one of several closely related Persian dialects spoken in what used to be Greater Khorasan: The official name for the Persian language in Afghanistan; see Dari (Afghanistan) One name used by Zoroastrians (the others being Gabri and Yazdi) to refer to the Northwestern... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...


References

  • Pullum, Geoffrey K.; Ladusaw, William A. (1996). Phonetic Symbol Guide. University of Chicago Press, 178. 

Professor Geoffrey K. Pullum (born March 8, 1945 in Irvine, Scotland) is a linguist specialising in the study of English. ...

See also

  Consonants (List, table) See also: IPA, Vowels  
Pulmonics Bilabial Lab'den. Dental Alveolar Postalv. Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn. Epiglottal Glottal Non-pulmonics and other symbols
Nasals m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ Clicks  ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ
Plosives p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Implo­­sives  ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ
Fricatives  ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ Ejec­­tives  pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ sʼ
Approximants  β̞ ʋ ð̞ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Other laterals  ɺ ɫ
Trills ʙ r • ʀ • Co-articulated approximants  ʍ w ɥ
Flaps & Taps • ѵ ɾ ɽ • Co-articulated fricatives  ɕ ʑ ɧ
Lat. Fricatives ɬ ɮ • • • Affricates  ʦ ʣ ʧ ʤ
Lat. Appr'mants l ɭ ʎ ʟ Co-articulated stops  k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m
This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help]
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged impossible.

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