Radiographs (X-rays) can reveal if a person has cavities, bone disease or other abnormalities

Dentistry is the art and science of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of conditions, diseases, and disorders of the oral cavity, the maxillofacial region, and its associated structures as it relates to human beings. A dentist is a doctor qualified to treat diseases, malformations of, and injuries to teeth, the oral cavity, maxillofacial region and its associated structures. In most countries, several years of training in a university (usually 4-8) and some practical experience working with actual patients' dentition are required to become a qualified dentist. The patron saint of dentists is Saint Apollonia, martyred in Alexandria by having all her teeth violently extracted. Photo by dene. From http://www. ... Radiography is the creation of radiographs, photographs made by exposing a photographic film or other image receptor to X-rays. ... In the NATO phonetic alphabet, X-ray represents the letter X. An X-ray picture (radiograph) taken by Röntgen An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength approximately in the range of 5 pm to 10 nanometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz... The mouth, also known as the buccal cavity or the oral cavity, is the opening through which an animal or human takes in food. ... Types of teeth Molars are used for grinding up foods Carnassials are used for slicing food. ... Western Illinois University A university is an institution of higher education and of research, which grants academic degrees at all levels (bachelor, master, and doctor) in a variety of subjects. ... Dentition is the development of teeth and their arrangement in the mouth. ... Saint Apollonia Saint Apollonia was one of the group of virgin martyrs who suffered in Alexandria during a local uprising against the Christians previous to the persecution of Decius. ...

Specialties

There are nine dental specialties recognized by the American Dental Association and require 2-6 years of further formal university training after dental school. The specialties are Dental Public Health (study of dental epidemiology and social health policies), Endodontics (root canal therapy), Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology (study, diagnosis, and often the treatment of oral and maxillofacial related diseases), Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology (study and radiologic interpretation of oral and maxillofacial diseases), Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (extractions and facial surgery), Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics (straightening of teeth), Pedodontics (pediatric dentistry; i.e. dentistry for children), Periodontics (treatment of gum disease), Prosthodontics (replacement of missing facial anatomy by prostheses such as dentures, bridges and implants). Image File history File links Métiers-Dentiste,_humour-années_20. ... The American Dental Association or the ADA is an American advocacy group that promotes good tooth care. ... Endodontics is a sub-specialty of dentistry, that deals with the tooth pulp or dentine complex. ... Root Canal procedure: unhealthy tooth, drilling, filing with endofile, rubber filling and crown. ... Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery is a recognized international training course in specialised medicine, which requires a minimum length of formation of 5 years for a basic medical training and 4 years for a basic medical and dental training, in the European Union, and one of the 9 dental specialties recognized... Surgical extraction of an impacted molar. ... Pedodontics is a specialist branch of dentistry for the treatment of children. ... Periodontics is the study of clinical aspects of the supporting structures of the teeth, including the gingiva, alveolar (jaw) bone, root cementum, and the periodontal ligament in health and disease. ... Prosthodontics is one of the nine dental specialties recognized by the American Dental Association (ADA) and requires 3-4 years of additional formal training in an ADA approved program. ...

Specialists in these fields are designated registrable (U.S. "Board Eligible") and warrant exclusive titles such as orthodontist, oral surgeon, pedodontist, periodontist, or prosthodontist upon satisfying certain local (U.S. "Board Certified") registry requirements.

Two other post-graduate formal advanced education programs: General Practice Residency (advanced clinical and didactic training with intense hospital experience) and Advanced Education in General Dentistry (advanced training in clinical dentistry) recognized by the ADA do not lead to specialization. A General Practice Residency (GPR) is a one or two year hospital based postgraduate training program for dentists seeking additional education. ...

Other dental education exists where no post-graduate formal university training is required: cosmetic dentistry, dental implant, temporo-mandibular joint therapy. These usually require the attendance of one or more continuing education courses that typically last for one to several days. There are restrictions on allowing these dentists to call themselves specialists in these fields. The specialist titles are registrable titles and controlled by the local dental licensing bodies. Cosmetic dentistry is a discipline within dentistry in which the primary focus is the modification of appearance of a patients oral cavity and surrounding structures, rather than the prevention and treatment of organic, structural, or functional oral disease. ... A dental implant is an artificial tooth root replacement and is used in prosthetic dentistry. ... Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD or TMD), or TMJ syndrome, is an acute or chronic inflammation of the temporomandibular joint, which connects the lower jaw to the skull. ...

Forensic odontology consists of the gathering and use of dental evidence in law. This may be performed by any dentist with experience or training in this field. The function of the forensic dentist is primarily documentation and verification of identity. Forensic odontology (also called Forensic Dentistry) deals with the proper handling, examination and evaluation of dental evidence, which will be then presented in the interest of justice. ...

Geriatric dentistry or gerodontics is the delivery of dental care to older adults involving the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of problems associated with normal aging and age-related diseases as part of an interdisciplinary team with other health care professionals. Geriatric dentistry or gerodontics is the delivery of dental care to older adults involving the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of problems associated with normal aging and age-related diseases as part of an interdisciplinary team with other health care professionals. ...

Veterinary dentistry, a specialty of veterinary medicine, is the field of dentistry applied to the care of animals [1][2]. Veterinary dentistry is the field of dentistry applied to the care of animals. ... Veterinary medicine is the application of medical, diagnostic, and therapeutic principles to companion, domestic, exotic, wildlife, and production animals. ...

History

Farmer at the dentist, Johann Liss, c. 1616-17.

In 2001 archaeologists studying the remains of two men from Mehrgarh, Pakistan, made the discovery that the people of Indus Valley Civilization, even from the early Harappan periods (c. 3300 BC), had knowledge of medicine and dentistry. The physical anthropologist that carried out the examinations, Professor Andrea Cucina from the University of Missouri-Columbia, made the discovery when he was cleaning the teeth from one of the men (see History of medicine). Later research in the same area found evidence of teeth having been drilled, dating back nine thousand years [3]. Download high resolution version (1000x1365, 146 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (1000x1365, 146 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... A game of mora, c. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... Mehrgarh was an ancient settlement in South Asia and is one of the most important sites in archaeology for the study of the earliest neolithic settlements in that region. ... The Indus Valley Civilization (3300–1500 BCE) was an ancient civilization thriving along the Indus River and the Ghaggar-Hakra River in what is now Pakistan and Northern India. ... Conception of ancient Harappas Mound E Gateway [1] Harappa is a city in Punjab, northeast Pakistan, located beside a former course of the Ravi River; about 35km southwest of Sahiwal. ... (34th century BC - 33rd century BC - 32nd century BC - other centuries) (5th millennium BC - 4th millennium BC - 3rd millennium BC) Events Major climate shift possibly due to shift in solar activity. ... All human societies have medical beliefs that provide explanations for, and responses to, birth, death, and disease. ...

Some information contained in the Edwin Smith Papyrus dates as early as 3000 BC and includes the treatment of several dental ailments ([4] & [5]). Hammurabi's Code contains some references to dental procedures and fees.[6] The Ebers papyrus also discusses similar treatments ([7]). Examining the remains of some ancient Egyptians and Greco-Romans reveal early attempts at dental prosthetics and surgery ([8]). Plates vi & vii of the Edwin Smith Papyrus at the Rare Book Room, New York Academy of Medicine The Edwin Smith papyrus is the worlds earliest known medical document, written around 1600 BC, but thought to be based on material from as early as 3000 BC. It is an... (31st century BC - 30th century BC - 29th century BC - other centuries) (4th millennium BC - 3rd millennium BC - 2nd millennium BC) Events 2925 - 2776 BC - First Dynasty wars in Egypt 2900 BC - Beginning of the Early Dynastic Period I in Mesopotamia. ... An inscription of the Code of Hammurabi The Code of Hammurabi (also known as the Codex Hammurabi and Hammurabis Code), created ca. ... The Ebers Papyrus of about 1550 BCE is among the most important ancient Egyptian medical papyri. ... General context: Ancient Egypt. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Classical antiquity. ... A United States soldier demonstrates Foosball with two prosthetic limbs In medicine, a prosthesis is an artificial extension that replaces a missing part of the body. ... A typical modern surgical operation For other uses, see Surgery (disambiguation). ...

Historically, dental extractions have been used to treat a variety of illnesses. During the middle ages and through the 19th century, dentistry was not a profession into itself, and often dental procedures were performed by barbers or general physicians. Barbers usually limited their practice to extracting teeth, which not only resulted in the alleviation of pain, but often cured a variety of ailments linked with chronic tooth infection. Instruments used for dental extractions date back several centuries. In the 14th century, Guy de Chauliac invented the dental pelican (resembling a pelican's beak) which was used through the late 18th century. The pelican was replaced by the dental key which, in turn, was replaced by modern forceps in the 20th century. A barber (from the Latin barba, beard) is someone whose occupation is to cut any type of hair, give shaves and cut beards. ... Look up Pain in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Infection is also the title of an episode of the television series Babylon 5, and the English title of the Japanese film Kansen. ... A renowned French surgeon of the 14th century, Guy de Chauliac (1300-1368), was the physician for Pope Clement VI. In Avignon, France, he attended to the Pope and survived an infection of the Black Plague. ... Species Pelecanus occidentalis Pelecanus thagus Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Pelecanus onocrotalus Pelecanus crispus Pelecanus rufescens Pelecanus philippensis Pelecanus conspicillatus A pelican is any of several very large water birds with a distinctive pouch under the beak belonging to the bird family Pelecanidae. ... Collection of dental keys, circa 1825. ...

For more information on the ancient history of dentistry refer to the Indian Dental Association's History of Dentistry.

Dentistry throughout the world

Dentistry in Australia

In Australia, graduating dentists earn either a B.D.S. (Bachelor of Dental Surgery) or B.D.Sc (Bachelor of Dental Science) degree.

There are six (6) Dental schools in Australia run by universities;

• University of Adelaide
• Griffith University
• University of Melbourne
• University of Sydney
• University of Queensland
• University of Western Australia

Two Dental courses offered in Australia will be discussed below. The University of Adelaide (or Adelaide University) is located in Adelaide, South Australia. ... Griffith University is an Australian public university with four campuses in Brisbane and one at the Gold Coast. ... The Old Quad Building, formerly Old Law The University of Melbourne, located in Melbourne, Victoria, is the second oldest university in Australia, after the University of Sydney. ... The University of Sydney, established in Sydney in 1850, is the oldest university in Australia. ... The University of Queensland (UQ) has its main campus in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, specifically in the suburb of St Lucia. ... The University of Western Australia (UWA) is Western Australias oldest university, established in February 1911. ...

The BDSc taught at the University of Melbourne is widely regarded as the best in Australia. It spans five years, pending an accumulation of both high school performance (Equivalent National Tertiary Entrance Rank (ENTER) score in Victoria or other national equivalent; International Bachelorette or any other International equivalent) and Undergraduate Medicine and Health Sciences Admission Test (UMAT) scores. Clinical practice during the course begins during year one at the Royal Dental Hospital of Melbourne, adjacent to the main campus of the University (and also to the Royal Women's Hospital). The first three years are mainly theoretically based in the wider aspect of health sciences including anatomy, biology, chemistry, microbiology, pathology, pharmacology and neuroscience. Significant clinical experience is gained right up until the fifth and final year, which consists almost completely of clinical work. BDSc at MU The Equivalent National Tertiary Entrance Rank (ENTER) is the national Australian tertiary entrance score, administered by the AVCC (Australian Vice-Chancellors Committee). ... The Undergraduate Medicine and Health Sciences Admission Test (UMAT) is a test administered in Australia and New Zealand to help determine who is fit to study and practice medicine. ...

Also spanning five years, selection to the B.D.Sc offered by the University of Queensland (UQ) also combines high-school performance with UMAT scores. The first year is largely science based but includes some introduction to Dental practice. The next three years involves applied dental science (which involves theory and clinical practice). The final year consists almost wholly of external clinical experience, usually in regional placements around the state of Queensland. Emblems: Faunal - Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus); Floral - Cooktown orchid (Dendrobium bigibbum); Bird - Brolga (Grus rubicunda); Aquatic - Barrier Reef Anemonefish (Amphiprion akindynos); Gem - Sapphire; Colour - Maroon Motto: Audax at Fidelis (Bold but Faithful) Slogan or Nickname: Sunshine State, Smart State Other Australian states and territories Capital Brisbane Government Governor Premier Const. ...

Dentistry in Canada

Canadian dentistry is overseen by the Canadian Dental Association, while specialization is overseen by the Royal College of Dentists. Today, Canada has about 16,000 dentists. Canadian dentistry is not publicly run (see Medicare (Canada)); only children and the elderly can have free dental care. Other Canadians are mostly covered by workplace dental plans, but many have to pay out of pocket. Canadian Dental Association Logo Background The Canadian Dental Association, also known as the Association dentaire Canadienne in French was founded in 1902, it is a non-profit professional association representing Canadas 18,000 dentists. ... The Royal College of Dentists of Canada (RCDC) is the governing body for specialization in the Dentistry profession in Canada. ... The term medicare (in lowercase) (French: assurance-maladie) is the unofficial name for Canadas universal public health insurance system. ...

For most of the early colonial period dentistry was a rare and unusual practice in Canada. In severe situations, barbers or blacksmiths would pull a tooth, but for many years Canada lagged behind European advances. The first dentists in Canada were United Empire Loyalists who fled the American Revolution. The first recorded dentist in Canada was a Mr. Hume who advertised in a Halifax newspaper in 1814. United Empire Loyalists is the name given to the portion of British Loyalists who resettled in British North America and other British Colonies as an act of fealty to King George III after the British defeat in the American Revolutionary War, and to recover lost fortunes (land and private property... The American Revolution was a revolution that ended two centuries of rule in Thirteen Colonies of North America by the British Empire and created the modern United States of America. ... Template:Hide = Motto: Template:Unhide = E Mari Merces (Wealth from the Sea) Logo: City Symbol: Kingfisher Location City Information Established: July 9, 1749 Area: (former city) 79. ... 1814 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

During the first half of the 19th century, dentistry expanded rapidly. In 1867 the Ontario Dental Association was formed and in 1868 they founded Canada's first dental school in Toronto, the Royal College of Dental Surgeons of Ontario. The University of Toronto agreed to be affiliated with the dental school. As time passed, other Canadian universities also created dentistry programmes. However, the University of Toronto still has the largest dental school in Canada that features the most post graduate research opportunities as well as certifications for all the dental specialties. The University of Toronto, Faculty of Dentistry is at the forefront of Canadian dental research as well as being the top ranked dental school in all of Canada as well as being among the best dental schools in the world. 1867 (MDCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Ontario Dental Association Logo The Ontario Dental Association is a voluntary professional organization representing 80 percent of dentists in Ontario. ... 1868 (MDCCCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... The Royal College of Dental Surgeons of Ontario more commonly known as RCDSO, was established on March 4th, 1868 by Ontario Statute. ... The University of Toronto (U of T), in Toronto, Ontario, is the largest university in Canada. ... The Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Toronto was founded by the Royal College of Dental Surgeons of Ontario in 1875 as the School of Dentistry. ... The Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Toronto was founded by the Royal College of Dental Surgeons of Ontario in 1875 as the School of Dentistry. ...

Canadian dentistry schools

• University of Toronto (1868)
• McGill University (1905)
• Université de Montréal (1905)
• Dalhousie University (1908)
• University of Alberta (1923)
• University of Manitoba (1958)
• University of British Columbia (1964)
• University of Western Ontario (1966)
• University of Saskatchewan (1968)
• Université Laval (1971)

The Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Toronto was founded by the Royal College of Dental Surgeons of Ontario in 1875 as the School of Dentistry. ... 1868 (MDCCCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... McGill University is a publicly funded, research-intensive, non-denominational, co-educational university located in the city of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ... 1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The Université de Montréal (UdeM) (University of Montreal) is one of four universities in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ... 1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Dalhousie University is a university located in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. ... 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The University of Alberta is situated along the south bank of the North Saskatchewan River in the heart of the city of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. ... 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... The University of Manitoba (established in 1877) is one of four universities in Winnipeg, Manitoba and was the first university ever established in Western Canada. ... 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The University of British Columbia (UBC) is a public university with its main campus located at Point Grey, in the University Endowment Lands adjacent to Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada and another smaller campus known as UBC Okanagan located in Kelowna, British Columbia. ... 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ... The University of Western Ontario is a public, non-denominational university located in London, Ontario, Canada. ... 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1966 calendar). ... The University of Saskatchewan (U of S) is the largest education institution in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. ... 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1968 calendar). ... Université Laval (Laval University) is the oldest centre of scholarship in Canada, and it was the first institution in North America to offer higher education in French. ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1971 calendar). ...

Dentistry in Chile

Universidad de Chile, Universidad de Valparaíso, Universidad de Concepción, Universidad de Talca, Universidad de Antofagasta, among others provides the profession in Chile.

Dentistry in Hong Kong

To become a dentist in Hong Kong, one must complete the 5-year B.D.S. course in The University of Hong Kong. Students learn basic health sciences, dental sciences under the Problem Based Learning policy. Besides, formal training and supervised practice are prescribed. It is accepted that only after 5 years of such training would the trainees achieve a superior level of professional competence.

Graduates can enter general practice or pursue a specialist M.D.S. degree after gaining one year of working experience.

Before Hong Kong has Dentistry degree, people used to study Dentistry in the Philippines. Therefore, most of the dentist in Hong Kong before 1980s are graduated from Philippines mainly.

Dentistry in India

Modern Indian dentists must earn the Bachelor of Dental Surgery degree (B.D.S.), which requires four years of study and one year of internship. This degree is overseen by the Dental Council of India. In most states, one has to appear for an entrance test conducted by the Directorate of Medical Education, whereas some autonomous universities conduct their own entrance tests.Post graduate courses (Master of Dental Surgery. MDS) are also available in different specialities.It requires 3 years of study after BDS.

Dentistry in Pakistan

At present there are upwards of 20 dental schools (public & private) throughout Pakistan, according to the Pakistan Medical & Dental Council the state regulatory body has upwards of 6200 registered dentists. The four year training culminates in achieveing a Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) degree, which also requires a one year compulsary interneship to be a registered dentist in Pakistan. Margalla College Of Dentistry is an integral part of Margalla Insitute Of Health sciences, Rawalpindi Pakistan. It offers 4 years BDS courses for Pakistani & all others students. The college has recently singned a MOU with QMUL London for launching a Master programme in Chemistry OF Dental Materials.

Dentistry in Slovakia

In Slovakia, dentists complete 6 years of undergraduate study to earn a MUDr (lat. Medicinae Universae Doctor) degree. Junior graduates work under a skilled doctor for at least 3 years to receive their license from The Slovak Chamber of Dentists.

Dentistry in the United Kingdom

An NHS dentist performing an examination

In the United Kingdom, dentists complete 5 years of undergraduate study to earn a B.D.S. or BChD degree. After graduating most dentists will enter a V.T. (vocational training) scheme, of either 1 or 2 years length, to receive their full National Health Service registration. Dentists must register with the G.D.C. (General Dental Council), and meet their requirements as the governing body of the profession, before being allowed to practice. The logo of the NHS for England. ... The logo of the NHS for England. ...

Dentistry in Malta

The first course leading to a degree in Dental Surgery, at the University of Malta, commenced in 1933. The qualification was recognized by the Medical Council of the United Kingdom in 1936.

Dental Surgery was established as a separate Faculty in 1954, previous to which the course was under the direction of a Board of Studies within the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery.

The Faculty now caters for an undergraduate intake of 8 students annually. The course of studies is under constant review to conform with the Directives and Recommendation of the Advisory Committee on the Training of Dental Practitioner of E.C..

The Faculty regularly invites overseas visiting lecturers and an overseas external examiner participates fully in the Final Examination. The degree granted by the University of Malta is recognised for temporary registration by the General Dental Council of United Kingdom. The Faculty provides facilities for M.Phil research programmes. A B.Ch.D Degree is awarded at the completion of the 5 year course.

• MADS - Malta Association of Dental Students MADS Official Website

Dentistry in the United States

In the United States, dentists earn either a D.D.S. (Doctor of Dental Surgery) or D.M.D.(Doctor of Dental Medicine) degree. There is no difference in the training for either degree. The degrees are equivalent, and recognized equally by all state boards of dentistry. There are 56 Accredited Dental schools in the United States requiring 4 years of post graduate study (except for one unique 3 year program at the University of the Pacific)[9]. Most applicants to dental school have attained at least a B.S. or B.A. degree, however, a small percentage are admitted after only fulfilling specific prerequisite courses. So unlike many other countries, it can take more than 8 years to become a dentist. (List of dental schools in the United States) The degrees D.D.S. and D.M.D. require equivalent education and are identical in every way. The difference relates to the history involved in the division of medicine and surgery in medical practice. There has been a recent movement to include a 5th year of education that focuses on purely practical training in the clinical setting. In at least one state, a state dental license can be received without taking the licensing exam (State Board Exam) upon completing this additional year of training. Dentists are licensed and regulated by the state in which they practice. The license is only valid in the issuing state and is non-transferable. There are many cooperative agreements between states that allow recognition of another state's license so as to procure a license either via "licensure by credentials" or "licensure by reciprocity." The Doctor of Dental Surgery (D.D.S.) suffix denotes one of two common doctorates in the United States for dentists, the other being Doctor of Dental Medicine (DMD). ... The DMD suffix denotes one of two common doctorates in the United States for dentists, the other being Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS). ... This List of dental schools in the U.S. includes major academic institutions in the U.S. that award advanced professional degrees of either D.D.S. or D.M.D. in the field of dentistry. ...

A dentist may go on for further training in a dental specialty which require an additional 1 to 7 years of post-doctoral training. There are 9 recognized dental specialties. They are Endodontics(root canal treatment), Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Pediatric Dentistry, Periodontics(gums), Prosthodontics(complicated dental reconstruction), Orthodontics(braces), Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery(tooth removal and surgery of the oral and related structures), and Dental Public Health. There is no specialty in esthetic dentistry or implantology, and no additional training is required for a dentist to make the claim of being an esthetic or cosmetic dentist. Dentists are forbidden to claim that they are specialists in areas of practice in which there is no recognized specialty. They may limit their practices to a single area of dentistry, and claim that their practice is limited to that area.

Any general dentist may perform those procedures designated within the enumerated specialties if they deem themselves competent. Many general dentists train in certain aspects of the above specialties such as the placement and restoration of dental implants, advanced prosthodontics and endodontics, and have limited or heavily focused their practices to these areas. When a general dentist performs any procedure that falls within the realm of a specialty, they are expected to perform with the same level of expertise as a certified specialist and are legally held to such standards with respect to any issues of malpractice.

Dentistry in Italy

In Italy dentists complete 5 years of undergraduate study to earn a degree. Nevertheless it is possible to agree on certain basic clinical competences common to all member states of the European Union.

The following is an example of one such clinical competency (excision of a buried tooth root): If a clinician is deemed to be clinically competent in the surgical removal of a buried root, this implies much more than the technical and surgical ability required to excise a buried piece of root from alveolus. It embraces a broad range of preclinical and clinical knowledge and understanding on which surgical treatment is based. Primary and secondary roots in a cotton plant In vascular plants, the root is that organ of a plant body that typically lies below the surface of the soil (compare with stem). ... Detailed drawing of the alveoli from Grays Anatomy, 1918 - Schematic longitudinal section of a primary lobule of the lung (anatomical unit); r. ...

Italian dentistry schools

• University of Bologna(1088)

The University of Bologna (Università di Bologna, UNIBO) is the university of Bologna, the second biggest university in Italy. ... Events Succession of Pope Urban II (1088-1099) Work begins on the third and largest church at Cluny Rebellion of 1088 against William II of England lead by Odo of Bayeux. ...

Related dental topics

Cross section of a tooth

• Category:Dentistry
• Bruxism
• Calculus
• Ceramics
• Crown
• dental amalgam
• Dental brace
• Dental cavities
• Dental notation
• Dental extraction
• Dentine
• Dental restoration
• Floss
• Fluoridation
• Gingivitis
• Halitosis
• Dental implants
• Laboratory technology
• Mouthwash
• Novocain, a Local anesthetic
• Occlusion
• Patron Saint of dentistry (Saint Apollonia)
• Periodontitis
• Plaque
• Plaque remover
• Regenerative dentistry
• Teledentistry
• Temporomandibular joint disease
• Tooth
• Toothbrush
• Toothpaste
• Waterpik
• Xerostomia

Download high resolution version (539x652, 201 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (539x652, 201 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Bruxism (derived from Greek βρυγμός, masculine noun - grinding [teeth]) is grinding of the teeth. ... In dentistry, calculus or tartar refers to hardened plaque on the teeth, formed by the presence of saliva, debris, and minerals. ... ‹ The template below has been proposed for deletion. ... Crown A crown, or full-coverage restoration (sometimes incorrectly called a cap) is a prosthetic tooth designed by a dentist and usually created by a lab technician (or more recently, a CAD-CAM machine). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into dental restoration. ... Dental braces (also known as orthodontic braces or brackets) are a fixed appliance used in orthodontics to correct alignment of teeth and their position with regard to bite. ... Tooth decay, or dental caries, is a disease of the teeth resulting in damage to tooth structure. ... Dentists, in writing or speech, use several different Dental notation systems for associating information to a specific tooth. ... Surgical extraction of an impacted molar. ... Dentin (BE: dentine) is the name of substance between the enamel (crown) or cementum (root) of a tooth and the pulp chamber. ... A dental restoration is a material that has been placed in a prepared tooth to restore function when tooth structure has been lost due to decay or fracture, or to improve the esthetics of the tooth. ... The term Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS or sometimes FOSS) is a hybrid term for both free software and open source software. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gums (gingiva) around the teeth. ... Halitosis (medical term, first coined by the Listerine company in 1921), oral malodour (scientific term), breath odour, or most commonly bad breath are terms used to describe noticeably unpleasant odors exhaled in breathing. ... A dental implant is used in restorative dentistry. ... Antiseptic mouth rinse, often called mouthwash, is an oral hygiene product that claims to kill the germs that cause plaque, gingivitis, and bad breath. ... Procaine hydrochloride is a local anesthetic used primarily in dentistry. ... A local anesthetic is a drug that reversibly inhibits the propagation of signals along nerves. ... A term indicating that the state of something, which is normally open, is now totally closed. ... Saint Apollonia Saint Apollonia was one of the group of virgin martyrs who suffered in Alexandria during a local uprising against the Christians previous to the persecution of Decius. ... Periodontal disease is the name for bacterial infections of the gums in the mouth. ... Dental plaque is a yellowish biofilm that builds up on the teeth. ... Mouse embryonic stem cells. ... The use of information technology and telecommunications for dental primary care, consultation, education, and public awareness in the same manner as telehealth and telemedicine. ... Temporomandibular joint disorder is an acute or chronic inflammation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ; the joint connecting the lower jaw to the skull). ... This article or section is missing references or citation of sources. ... Three toothbrushes The toothbrush is an instrument used to clean teeth. ... Modern toothpaste gel Toothpaste is a paste or gel used to clean and improve the aesthetic appearance and health of teeth. ... If you got here via Cotton Mouth, but are looking for the candy, see Cotton Mouth (disambiguation) Xerostomia is the medical term for a dry mouth due to a lack of saliva. ...

Organizations

Canada

• Canadian Academy of Pediatric Dentistry [10]
• Association of Prosthodontists of Canada [11]
• Canadian Academy of Periodontology [12]
• Canadian Association of Public Health Dentistry [13]
• Canadian Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons [14]
• Canadian Association of Orthodontists
• Canadian Dental Association
• Royal College of Dentists

Canadian Dental Association Logo Background The Canadian Dental Association, also known as the Association dentaire Canadienne in French was founded in 1902, it is a non-profit professional association representing Canadas 18,000 dentists. ... The Royal College of Dentists of Canada (RCDC) is the governing body for specialization in the Dentistry profession in Canada. ...

India

• Indian Dental Association [15]
• Indian Othodontic Society [16]

Miscellaneous

• Malta Association of Dental Students [17]
• American Veterinary Dental College [18]
• European Veterinary Dental College [19]

United Kingdom

• British Dental Association
• British Dental Health Foundation [20]
• The British Society of Paediatric Dentistry [21]
• School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham [22]

The British Dental Association is a trade union representing dental surgeons in the UK with over 18,000 members. ...

United States

• American Dental Education Association [23]
• American Dental Association
• American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry [24]
• Academy of General Dentistry [25]
• American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• American Association of Orthodontists
• American College of Prosthodonists [26]

The American Dental Association or the ADA is an American advocacy group that promotes good tooth care. ... The American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS) is the non-profit professional association serving the specialty of oral and maxillofacial surgery, the surgical arm of dentistry. ... The American Association of Orthodontists, or AAO, is an American advocate group for orthodontists. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Dentistry

• Ask Dr Spiller - Dental technical information for the public
• AllExperts.com Ask the dental experts
• Cosmetic Dentists listings for every state
• Dental Phobia Self-Help
• Dental Discussion Forum
• Dental Insurance Alternatives
• Dentistry News and Resources
• Dentists from the Bureau of Labor Statistics's Occupational Outlook Handbook
• Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society
• Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... The Bureau of Labor Statistics was founded in 1884 by President Chester A. Arthur. ...