The denticle herring (Denticeps clupeoides) is a small (15 cm) species of ray-finned fish found only in the rivers of Benin, Nigeria and Cameroon, related to the herrings, but notable for its large anal fin and its array of denticle like scales under the head giving it almost a furry appearance. It is the sole living member of the familyDenticipitidae. Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Phyla Subregnum Parazoa Porifera Subregnum Eumetazoa Placozoa Orthonectida Rhombozoa Radiata (unranked) Ctenophora Cnidaria Bilateria (unranked) Acoelomorpha Myxozoa Superphylum Deuterostomia Chordata Hemichordata Echinodermata Chaetognatha Superphylum Ecdysozoa Kinorhyncha Loricifera Priapulida Nematoda Nematomorpha Onychophora Tardigrada Arthropoda Superphylum Platyzoa Platyhelminthes Gastrotricha Rotifera Acanthocephala Gnathostomulida Micrognathozoa Cycliophora Superphylum Lophotrochozoa Sipuncula Nemertea Phoronida Bryozoa Entoprocta Brachiopoda... {{{subdivision_ranks}}} See below Chordates (phylum Chordata) are a group of animals that includes the vertebrates, together with several closely related invertebrates. ... Orders See text The Actinopterygii are the ray-finned fish. ... Families Denticipitidae (denticle herring) Engraulidae (anchovies) Pristigasteridae (pristigasterids) Chirocentridae (wolf herring) Clupeidae (herrings) Clupeiformes is the order of ray-finned fish that includes the herring family, Clupeidae, and the anchovy family, Engraulidae. ... In biology, binomial nomenclature is the formal method of naming species. ... Orders See text The Actinopterygii are the ray-finned fish. ... River upstream of an Australian trout farm A river is a large natural waterway. ... Species Clupea alba Clupea bentincki Clupea caspiopontica Clupea chrysotaenia Clupea elongata Clupea halec Clupea harengus Clupea inermis Clupea leachii Clupea lineolata Clupea minima Clupea mirabilis Clupea pallasii Clupea sardinacaroli Clupea sulcata Herrings are small oily fish of the genus Clupea found in the temperate, shallow waters of the North Atlantic... Fish anatomy is primarily governed by the physical characteristics of water, which is much denser than air, holds a relatively small amount of dissolved oxygen, and absorbs light more than does air. ... Denticles or placoid scales are small outgrowths which cover the skin of many cartilaginous fish including sharks. ... In biological classification, family (Latin: familia, plural familiae) is 1) a rank or 2) a taxon in that rank. ...
P. H. Greenwood, The osteology and relationships of the Denticipitidae, a family of Clupeomorph fishes (London: British Museum, 1968)
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This fish, Denticepsclupeoides, and a few of its close relatives, have apparently reversed the process of turning scales into teeth.
That is, the teeth of Denticeps have escaped the jaws and pharyngeal arches and appear as isolated denticles on the surface of the dermal bones [S+98].
In short, the teeth of Denticeps work perfectly well as scales, and it would not be surprising to find that different sorts of odontodes have crossed these functional borders at numerous times.
Histological studies of shark embryos show that while dermal denticles and teeth appear to be somewhat differentiated in extant Galeomorphs they share hard-tissues (shiny layer, enameloid, dentine, and acellular bone) and are formed by homologous tissue (Reif 1980).
(1998) called this assumption into question based on their study of Denticepsclupeoides, a Teleost fish.
clupeoides must be a secondary adaptation, not derived from Thelodonts.
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