In linguistics, a desiderative form is one that has the meaning of "wanting to X". Desiderative forms are often verbs, derived from a more basic verb through a process of morphological derivation. In Sanskrit, the desiderative is formed through the suffixing of /sa/ and the prefixing of a reduplicative syllable, consisting of the first consonant of the root (sometimes modified) and a vowel, usually /i/ but /u/ if the root has an /u/ in it. Changes to the root vowel sometimes happen, as well. Broadly conceived, linguistics is the scientific study of human language, and a linguist is someone who engages in this study. ... The Sanskrit language ( संस्कृता वाक्) is one of the earliest attested members of the Indo-European language family and is not only a classical language, but also an official language of India. ...
For example:
Base Form
Meaning
Desiderative
Meaning
nayati
"he leads"
nínīṣati
"he wants to lead"
pibāti
"he drinks"
pípāsati
"he wants to drink"
jīvati
"he lives"
jíjīviṣati
"he wants to live"
It is thought that the future tense of the daughter Proto-Indo-European languages may stem from a combination of the desiderative form with the subjunctive mood. In linguistics, a future tense is a verb form that marks the event described by a verb as not having happened yet, but expected to in the future. ... The Proto-Indo-Europeans are the hypothetical speakers of the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European language, a prehistoric people of the late Neolithic and early Bronze Age. ... The subjunctive mood (sometimes referred to as the conjunctive mood) is a grammatical mood of the verb that expresses wishes, commands (in subordinate clauses), and statements that are contrary to fact. ...
The Republic is primarily about the structure of the ideal state, but the entire work runs off an analogy to the structure of the human psyche.
Roughly, just as the psyche has an intellectual part, a "spirited" or "courageous" part, and a desiderative or appetitive part, so society has intellectual philosophers, brave soldiers, and acquisitive merchants and workers.
Further, just as the "best" kind of person is one who is ruled by his or her intellect rather than by indignation or desire, so the "best" state is one ruled by wise philosophers rather than by pugnacious soldiers or greedy merchants and workers.
The emotion complex view, which understands love to be a complex emotional attitude towards another person, may initially seem to hold out great promise to overcome the problems of alternative types of views.
Rorty (1986/1993) does not try to present a complete account of love; rather, she focuses on the idea that “relational psychological attitudes” which, like love, essentially involve emotional and desiderative responses, exhibit historicity: “they arise from, and are shaped by, dynamic interactions between a subject and an object” (p.
In part this means that what makes an attitude be one of love is not the presence of a state that we can point to at a particular time within the lover; rather, love is to be “identified by a characteristic narrative history” (p.
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